Intro to Immunity Lymphatic System Magic School Bus “Inside

Lesson 1

Intro to Immunity

Lymphatic System

Magic School Bus – “Inside

Ralphie”

The Lymphatic System - Produces & houses WBC

- Filter’s lymph (plasma leaked from capillaries)

Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions

1. Identify 5 components of the lymphatic system

2. What is the lymphatic system’s role in maintaining

homeostasis?

Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow,

spleen, thymus

It prevents the body from swelling by collecting

excess fluid that escapes from blood out of

capillaries & returns it to the circulatory system.

Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions

3. Compare & contrast infections and noninfectious

disease and name one example of each.

• Infectious diseases are caused by organisms

that invade the body (pathogens) like bacteria &

viruses.

Ex. Flu, common cold, HIV

• Non infectious diseases are caused by other

factors like genetics, nutrition, etc.

Ex. Heart attack, stroke

Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions

4. What is bone marrow’s role in immunity?

5. The 1st and 2nd lines of immunological defense are

considered “non-specific” defenses. Why?

It produces white blood cells called

lymphocytes (B and T cells)

They are barriers, fever, & inflammatory

response that defend against MANY kinds of

pathogens.

The Magic School Bus -

"Inside Ralphie"

The Body’s Army

(Non-Specific Defenses)

1. Compare the non-specific defenses.

1st Line of Defense 2nd Line of Defense

Prevents invaders from entering

skin, tears, mucus,

sweat

After pathogen gets past the 1st line

Inflammatory

response, fever, interferon

The Body’s Army (con’t.)

2. What is the body’s most important 1st line of defense? SKIN

3. What can a doctor infer if a blood test shows an increased amount of white blood cells?

The body is fighting an infection

4. Why is it beneficial to have a fever when sick? High temp. can kill pathogens

Lesson 2

Immune System Vocab

(antigen, pathogen, antibody)

White Blood Cell Types &

Functions

The Immune System

Brainpop Immune

System

What is Immunity?

• non-specific and specific attacks on disease causing agents (pathogens)

Important Vocab

1. Pathogen – any disease causing microorganism / microbe (bacteria, virus, fungus)

Important Vocab (con’t.)

2. Antigens: • proteins on the surface of a cell • can be identified as self or non-self • trigger an immune response if not recognized as self

Examples of Red Blood Cell Antigens that determine a

person’s blood type (A, B, AB, O)

Type A Type B

Type AB Type O

Examples of Red Blood Cell Antigens that

determine a person’s blood type (A, B, AB, O)

Summary of Blood Types

Draw these examples of pathogens and their

foreign antigens.

Examples of Pathogenic Infections

MRSA

(Bacterial) Oral Herpes

(Viral)

Athlete’s

Foot (Fungal)

3. Antibodies: • proteins produced by WBC’s in

response to a foreign antigen

• mark a pathogen for destruction

• are specific, an antibody can only

bind to a certain antigen

• Immunological Memory

• once antibodies are made, the body

remembers how to make them

(Memory cells)

Important Vocab (con’t.)

Antibodies VIDEO

Specific Defenses

White Blood Cell Functions

1) Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)

2)Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase

production (Helper T-cells)

WBC Functions (con’t.)

3)Produce antibodies (B-cells plasma cells)

WBC Functions (con’t.)

4)Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using

phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)

WBC Functions (con’t.)

5)Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)

WBC Functions (con’t.)

6)Retain memory of how to fight specific

pathogens (Memory T-cells)

WBC Functions (con’t.)

Summary of WBC Functions Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)

1) Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase

production (Helper T-cells)

2) Produce antibodies (B-cells)

3) Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using

phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)

4) Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)

5) Retain memory of how to fight specific pathogens

(Memory T-cells)

1) Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)

2) Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase

production (Helper T-cells)

3) Produce antibodies (B-cells)

4) Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using

phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)

5) Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)

6) Retain memory of how to fight specific pathogens

(Memory T-cells)

Summary of WBC Functions

Lesson 3

Active & Passive Immunity

Vaccines

Videos

Hepatitis B1 HepB

Rotavirus2 RV RV RV2

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis3 DTaP DTaP DTaP

Haemophilus influenzae type b4 Hib Hib Hib4

Pneumococcal5 PCV PCV PCV

Inactivated Poliovirus6 IPV IPV

Influenza7

Measles, Mumps, Rubella8

Varicella9

Hepatitis A10

Meningococcal11

Are you “immune” to any diseases? Make a list!

1) PASSIVE IMMUNITY

–Antibodies are obtained from an outside source,

NOT made by the body

–Only temporary (short term)

Ex. Breast Milk

– Mother’s antibodies are passed to

the baby during breastfeeding

Ex. Rabies shot

– Injection of antibodies by doctor after

exposure

How do we develop “immunity”?

2) ACTIVE IMMUNITY

–Antibodies are PRODUCED by the body

–PERMANENT (long term)

Ex. Contract & Survive the Disease:

• ex. chicken pox

• WBC produce antibodies to fight it off

• usually, you will not get sick from that exact pathogen

again (Immunological memory)

Note: MANY strains of viruses cause

“the common cold”

Ex. Vaccination / Vaccine

–small amount of a dead or weakened pathogen (or its antigens) is injected into the bloodstream

–WBC are stimulated to produce antibodies

–prepares the body for future invasions by that same microbe (immunological memory)

Brainpop - Vaccines

Brainpop - Flu

Note: MANY strains of

viruses cause the flu so you

need a new shot each year

Active Immunity Passive Immunity

production of

own antibodies

receiving of

antibodies

ex. contract &

survive a disease

ex. vaccination

ex. Antibodies in

breastmilk

ex. Antibiotics

prescribed by doctor

ex. Tetanus or

rabies shot

Involve

antibody

-antigen

reactions

to fight

infection

Lesson 4

Immune Disorders

Malfunctions and Disorders of the Immune

System

1. Allergic Reactions • A hypersensitive response to substances (allergens)

that are not normally harmful

–Pollen

–Peanuts, shell fish

–Cat/dog hair or dander

• Antibodies are produced by WBC

• causes chemical called histamine to be

produced (leads to itching, swelling, rash)

2. Rejection of Organ Transplant

• Recipient’s body produces

antibodies against foreign

antigens in the donor’s tissues

• Getting the closest “match”

reduces risk

• Recipient takes

immunosuppressant drugs to

prevent rejection of the

organ/tissue

Face Transplant Video

3. AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

• Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (a

Retrovirus)

–Transmitted through bodily fluids (blood, semen,

vaginal fluids, NOT sweat or saliva)

Reverse Transcriptase Video

AIDS (con’t.)

• Attacks CD4 T-Cells (WBC

that direct the actions of the

immune system)

–Prevents infected person

from fighting other

infections like pneumonia

or a cold

• Reproduces rapidly,

mutates, making it hard to

target with drugs HIV/AIDS vaccine?

4. Autoimmune Diseases • The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s

OWN cells

• Ex. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

–Destruction of myelin sheath covering on nerve cells

–May lead to blindness, loss of motor function