Intro to Color Theory. Objectives Identify and discuss various color models including RGB, CMYK, Black/white and spot color. Investigate color mixing.
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Introto Color Theory
ObjectivesObjectives
• Identify and discuss various color models including RGB, CMYK, Black/white and spot color.
• Investigate color mixing processes.• Apply color mixing processes to
create new colors in digital format using various software tools.
Typical Color ModelsTypical Color Models
• H-S-B (or V)• R-G-B • C-M-Y-K
(Black)• Black & White• Spot Color
Visible Light SpectrumVisible Light Spectrum
Glass Prism
WhiteSunlight
"Spectral Colors"
Color AttributesColor Attributes
• A Theoretical Approach• Characteristics of Color
– Hue– Brightness– Saturation
Hue - Perceived as Hue - Perceived as “Color”“Color”
Brightness - Amount of Brightness - Amount of Perceived “White” in a HuePerceived “White” in a Hue
Saturation - Amount of Saturation - Amount of Perceived “Black” in a HuePerceived “Black” in a Hue
Hue CircleHue Circle
Brightness orBrightness or“Gray” Scale“Gray” Scale
White
Black
256 LevelsOf Brightness
Zero Units
255 Units
Hue and BrightnessHue and Brightness
Additive Color Mixing Additive Color Mixing and the and the
R-G-B Color R-G-B Color ModelModel
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Used for mixing colors created by light.– Video Cameras– Computer
Screens– Television
Lights– Video Monitors
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Three primary colors:– Red– Green – Blue
• This is the R-G-B color model.
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• Equal amounts of red and blue yields magenta.
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• Equal amounts of red and green yields yellow.
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue
• Equal amounts of blue and green yields cyan.
Additive Color MixingAdditive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• When all three overlap, they “add up” to white!
Brightness orBrightness or“Gray” Scale“Gray” Scale
White
Black
256 LevelsOf Brightness
Zero Units
255 Units
How Many Colors?How Many Colors?
Zero Units of Red = Black
255 Units of Red = Pure Red
Color has 256 levels from0 to 255.
256 Possible Reds!
How Many Colors?How Many Colors?
The R-G-B Model can mix.
Any of 256 shades of red.Any of 256 shades of green.Any of 256 shades of blue.
Yielding a possible16,777,216 colors!
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors 216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors 216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors 216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors
216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors 216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Digital “Math”Digital “Math”21 = Black & White
29 = 512 217 = 131072
22 = 4 colors 210 = 1024 218 = 262144
23 = 8 colors 211 = 2048 219 = 524288
24 = 16 colors 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576
25 = 32 colors 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152
26 = 64 colors 214 = 16384 222 = 41194304
27 = 128 colors 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
28 = 256 colors 216 = 65536 224
=16777216
Saturation andSaturation andBrightnessBrightness
Saturation = 255 unitsBrightness = 128 units
Saturation and Saturation and BrightnessBrightness
Saturation = 0 unitsBrightness = 128 units
Subtractive Color Mixing Subtractive Color Mixing and the and the
C-Y-M-K Color C-Y-M-K Color ModelModel
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• Used for mixing inks for printing.
• Primary colors are:– Yellow– Cyan– Magenta
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• Equal amounts of cyan and magenta yields blue.
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• Equal amounts of magenta and yellow yields red.
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• Equal amounts of cyan and yellow yields green.
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• Assuming a “pure” hue.
• When inks are mixed, the color filters or “subtracts” out yielding black.
Subtractive Color MixingSubtractive Color Mixing
• When mixing inks or pigments, you never achieve a true black.
• Black requires a special black mixture.
Spot ColorSpot Color
• Use of one color for printing purposes.– Business
cards– Clip art– Logos
Spot ColorSpot Color
Usually a single color is added to black as in this example. Different values of the same hue can be used.
Changing Colors in Changing Colors in Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software
Changing ColorsChanging Colors
Click on foreground
Color to launch“Color Picker”.
Changing ColorsChanging Colors
Changing ColorsChanging Colors
Changing ColorsChanging Colors
Changing ColorsChanging Colors
Curriculum Content andCurriculum Content andActivities created byActivities created byDr. Mark MortensenDr. Mark Mortensen
Dept. of Technology & CognitionDept. of Technology & CognitionUniversity of North TexasUniversity of North Texas
Copyright C. Mark Mortensen 2001
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