Intestinal Parasite Infections Affect Billions of People Worldwide
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WHY IS IDENTIFYING INTESTINAL PARASITES IMPORTANT?
Trichuris trihiura whipworm egg
Hookworm eggsNecator americanus hookworm egg Ascaris lumbricoides roundworm egg
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites• Intestinal parasites cause many illnesses and mortality
throughout the world • More than 1.3 billion people worldwide have ascariasis,
and 250 million suffer from associated morbidity
Source: World Health Organization 2004
Ascariasis:disease of humans
caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris
lumbricoides
Ascariasis:disease of humans
caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris
lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides roundworm
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites• Intestinal parasites cause many illnesses and mortality
throughout the world • Trichuriasis afflicts about 1 billion people throughout the
world
Source: World Health Organization 2004
Trichuriasis:parasitic infection in the gut the caused by the parasitic whipworm Trichuris trichiura
Trichuriasis:parasitic infection in the gut the caused by the parasitic whipworm Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura whipworm
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites• Hookworms infect over 1.25 billion people throughout the
world. The hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale) are medically important human parasites and cause serious morbidity in many parts of the world.
Source: World Health Organization 2004
Hookworm:live in the small intestine of the host sucking and ingesting blood through
the intestine wall
Hookworm:live in the small intestine of the host sucking and ingesting blood through
the intestine wall Hookworms
Parasite Infections CauseParasite Infections Cause
• Diarrhea, Blood in the stool, Dehydration• Aggravate malnutrition & Weight loss• Protein & Micronutrition depletion• Promotes anaemia & Fatigue• Intestinal inflammation, alter gastrointestinal physiology• Inhibits growth• Morbidity and mortality
Source: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Parasitology, Vol 121 2000 pp.S23-S38
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
Groups in high riskGroups in high risk
•Children•Pregnant women•Elderly•People with comorbidities
• Cancer patients • HIV patients
Source: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006, J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997, Jpn, J. Infect. Dis 2002
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
Intestinal Parasite Infections in ChildrenIntestinal Parasite Infections in Children• Weighed as much as two kilograms less than healthy
children• Anaemic• Anti-parasite treatment:
• dramatic increase in their short- and long-term memory
• increase in reasoning capacity and reading comprehension
• school absenteeism dropped by as much as 25%Source: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006, J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997, Jpn, J. Infect. Dis 2002
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
Intestinal Parasite Infections in Pregnant WomenIntestinal Parasite Infections in Pregnant Women
• Increase anaemia• Low pregnancy weight gain • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)• Low birth weight (LBW)• Greater risks of infection • Higher perinatal mortality rates• Impact on new-born health
Source: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006, J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997, Jpn, J. Infect. Dis 2002
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
Intestinal Parasite Infections in ElderlyIntestinal Parasite Infections in Elderly
• Gastrointestinal problems are among the most common health problems of elderly people (60+ years)
• Leading cause of death• Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Nepal and India• Reported prevalence of intestinal parasitosis
Source: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006, J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997, Jpn, J. Infect. Dis 2002
IntestinalIntestinal ParasitesParasites
Intestinal Parasite Infections in People with Intestinal Parasite Infections in People with Comorbidities Comorbidities
• Infectious complications are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality
• Cancer patients• Increased parasitic infections
• HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients• Chronic diarrhea is responsible for considerable
morbidity and mortalitySource: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1996, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006, J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997, Jpn, J. Infect. Dis 2002
IntestinalIntestinal Parasite Data: WHOParasite Data: WHO• Major cause of human disease and misery• Plague billions of people • Kill millions annually• Present and worsening threat to human health and
welfare around the globe• The Global Burden of Disease
• Intestinal Parasites 39 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)• Malaria 35.7million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)
Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasite Infections Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasite Infections
Sample Preparation: Sample Preparation: ConcentrationConcentrationMaximizes the numbers of ova, cysts & larvae organisms detected which may be too scanty to be seen by direct microscopy alone.
Poor concentration technique leads to poor recovery of parasites.•Difficult to diagnose•False negatives•Increased mortality
Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasite Infections Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasite Infections
Sample Sample AnalysisAnalysis
• High Sensitivity with great Morphology of ova and oocysts
• Little or No cross-contamination risk
• Consistent Results as it enables the laboratory to have a Standardised procedure in place
• Safe for lab staff preferably no contact with hazardous samples or reagents
• Minimum requirements for space and laboratory staff
• Low cost
Want More Info?Want More Info?Contact Mediterranea Pte Ltd (Singapore)Contact Mediterranea Pte Ltd (Singapore)
Website: www.Mediterranea.com.sg
Email: info@mediterranea.com.sg
Phone: +65 6752 8967
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