International and social consequences of advances in ART Gedis Grudzinskas UK .
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International and social consequences of advances in ART
1) Society and advances in ART
2) International consequences of ART
3) Society and advances in ART
Society and advances in ART
How has the modern woman responded to the liberties afforded
by choice in our progressive societies?
Society and advances in ART
How has the modern woman responded to the liberties afforded by choice in our progressive societies?
Women are engaged fully in the workplace, are a more potent force in commerce and
government
What if women ruled the world ? With Spain's government now female-dominated, the proposition no longer seems hypothetical. Six writers imagine what life would be like Independent ,London, 19 April 2008
What if women ruled the world ? With Spain's government now female-dominated, the proposition no longer seems hypothetical. Six writers imagine what life would be like Independent ,London, 19 April 2008
Oral contraception Fertility preservation Hormone replacement therapy
What if women ruled the world ? With Spain's government now female-dominated, the proposition no longer seems hypothetical. Six writers imagine what life would be like Independent ,London, 19 April 2008
“Say hello to egg-freezing…….. ”
“Egg freezing would quickly become a reality”
Society and advances in ART
“Say hello to egg-freezing…….. ”
“Egg freezing would quickly become a reality”
Leading ethicist asks : Should we be advising all women in their mid 20’s to consider cryopreservation of their ovarian tissue? ISFP Brussels , 2009
Sterility as a social problem
How has the modern woman responded to the liberties afforded by choice in our progressive societies?
They have done so by becoming engaged fully in the workplace, become a more potent force in commerce and government but also
delayed age at marriage, pregnancy and motherhood.
Sterility as a social problem
The cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects , so the issues
surrounding infertility and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Society and advances in ARTThe cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is
aggravated by age related effects , so the issues surrounding infertility and its treatment are becoming more social and less
medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension fundsOlder grandparents
Society and advances in ART
The first wave of interest was in oocyte vitrification for social reasons. More recently, the improvement in cryobiology
technology of ovarian tissue and its successful autologous transplantation, has inspired a leading ethicist to ask whether we should be advising all women in their mid 20’s to consider cryopreservation of their ovarian tissue for their own further
use. To some this may become attractive, as the process which does not require expensive hormone injections but does involve
the use of anaesthesia and endoscopic surgery.
Society and advances in ART
.
But ART/IVF is not always successful when infertility declares itself in women their mid to late thirties,
there has been an increased demand for treatments based on oocyte donation, donor insemination and
host surrogacy. What was once a private medical matter for an individual couple influenced by their
financial circumstances, now involves other healthy women for reasons of personal financial gain
Society and advances in ARTThus, as the cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects, the issues surrounding infertility
and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension fundsOlder grandparents
Society and advances in ARTWhereas the demand for these services is
greatest in the wealthier countries and sections of societies, the sources of donor
gametes and host surrogates are to be found largely in the poorer societies, where women
driven by their financial circumstances are recruited. But, not all women and societies have felt comfortable with this direction of
change.
International consequences of ART
In societies where such activities are unacceptable or illegal, cross-border care(CBC) occurs.
Facilitated by cheaper international travel, better communication with colleagues abroad & acceptance that where we once travelled for vacations, we now travel for
medical care.
International consequences of ART
The current superior efficacy of ART developed to alleviate the suffering caused by disease of infertility is now exploited by those who wish or may wish to delay decisions regarding
parenthood. This matter which once only seemed to involve the individual couple now has wider implications as we recognise that the
consequences will be profound in industrialised nations in the future and are so already in poorer societies.
International consequences of ART
Increasing payments to women for “donor” oocytes & surrogacy
Supply of oocytes exceeds the demand by recipients in USA
Increasing willingness by women to sell their oocytes (USA egg exportation)
International consequences of ART
2008 : ESHRE : Task Force
2010 : ASRM : see Fertility & Sterility for workshop report
2010 : Society of Cross Border Reproductive Care (SCBRC)
International consequences of ART
2008 : ESHRE : Task Force
2010 : ASRM : see Fertility & Sterility for workshop report
2010 : Society of Cross Border Reproductive Care (SCBRC)
Terminology, Data, Charter/Code of Practice
Society and advances in ARTThus, as the cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects, the issues surrounding infertility
and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension fundsOlder grandparents
Society and advances in ART
Fewer Children=Declining population growth
Diminishing pension funds in UK
Society and advances in ART
Assessing long-run economic benefitsattributed to an IVF-conceived
singleton based on projected lifetimenet tax contributions in the UK†
M. Connolly1,4, F. Gallo2, S. Hoorens2, and W. Ledger31Health Economics, Global Market Access Solutions, St Prex 1162, Switzerland 2RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre,
Cambridge CB4 1YG,UK 3Academic Unit of reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
Copyright restrictions may apply.
Connolly, M. et al. Hum. Reprod. 2009 24:626-632; doi:10.1093/humrep/den435
Mean age-stratified income from the Survey of Personal Income data (HM Revenue and Customs) and projected aged-stratified lifetime income adjusted according to work productivity
increases over lifetime of the individual
Copyright restrictions may apply.
Connolly, M. et al. Hum. Reprod. 2009 24:626-632; doi:10.1093/humrep/den435
Projected present value for naturally and IVF-conceived child based on the age of the mother as 35
Society and advances in ART
Fewer Children=Declining population growth
Diminishing pension funds
Solution?????
Society and advances in ART
Fewer Children=Declining population growth
Diminishing pension funds
Temporary solution in UK ? More NHS funding for ART
Society and advances in ART
Fewer Children=Declining population growth
Diminishing pension funds
Solutions elsewhere ?????
Society and advances in ART
Solution is not more women in government or elsewhere behaving like men !!!!!!
Changing behaviour of men after 7 years of age is not possible
Change attitudes in society ? How
Society and advances in ARTThus, as the cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects, the issues surrounding infertility
and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension fundsOlder grandparents
Society and advances in ARTThus, as the cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects, the issues surrounding infertility
and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension funds
Older grandparents
Society and advances in ARTThus, as the cause of infertility in increasing numbers of women is aggravated by age related effects, the issues surrounding infertility
and its treatment are becoming more social and less medical.
Older mothersFewer children
Fertility preservation for social reasonsMore use of donor oocytesMore use of host surrogacy
Decreasing national pension funds
Older grandparentsNo grandparents
Sterility as a social problem
ART themes is crime novelsMurder of donor sperm conceived children by spurned
wifeFrozen embryos stolen to be used in hosts to give birth
to suicide bombersMega-prams of the ART era are a health hazard
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