Integrating agile software development and user-centered design
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Prof. Cl. Müller-Birn, Human-Centered Computing, FU Berlin Workshop
„Usability in Forschungsinfrastrukturen in den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften“ Berlin, September 22-23, 2014
neonion | Collaborative Semantic Annotation Integrating Agile Software Development
with User-Centered Design
Prof. Cl. Müller-Birn, Human-Centered Computing, FU Berlin Workshop
„Usability in Forschungsinfrastrukturen in den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften“ Berlin, September 22-23, 2014
neonion | Collaborative semantic annotation Integrating Agile Software Development
with User-Centered Design
Annotation
Descriptor (body)
Context (target)
semantic tag
Prof. Cl. Müller-Birn, Human-Centered Computing, FU Berlin Workshop
„Usability in Forschungsinfrastrukturen in den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften“ Berlin, September 22-23, 2014
neonion | Collaborative semantic annotation Integrating Agile Software Development
with User-Centered Design semantic tag <foaf:Person>!
<foaf:name>Claudia Müller-Birn</foaf:name>! <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:clmb@inf.fu-berlin.de"/>! <foaf:homepage rdf:resource=http://www.clmb.de/>!</foaf:Person>!
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 4
neonion | collaborative semantic annotation
Make digital content understandable by humans and by machines Create various knowledge layers on top of a document by allowing scholars to collaboratively annotate texts Integrate seamlessly hyper reading with machine reading capabilities Explore new concepts for human-machine interaction in the area of annotation Create an adaptable user interface
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 5
neonion | history
neonion adopts concepts of loomp, a semantic content management system, created by members of the NBI group @ FU loomp allows users to enrich texts semantically by using a controlled vocabulary neonion is now developed in collaboration with scholars from Humanities from the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
Integrating Agile Software Development with User-Centered Design
neonion | Collaborative semantic annotation
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 7
Visual Design
User Researchgoals
scope
structure
skeleton
surface
Determine Functional
Specification
DetermineContent
Requirements
InteractionDesign
Information Architecture
Information Design
Navigation DesignInterface Design
software as functionality software as informationconcrete
abstract
Garrett, J.J. (2011) The elements of user experience.
Principles of good interaction design
Integrating Agile Software Development with User-Centered Design
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 9
Cooper et al. (2007) About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design
Software interfaces should be designed to help users build productive mental models of a system (Preece, 1994).
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 10
Norman's execution evaluation cycle
• Very intuitive approach of interaction design
• Goals do not specify particular actions
• Goals and intentions do not have a one-to-one-relationship
• Each intention involves a sequence of actions
• Evaluate Results • Perceive new state • Interpret what we perceive • Evaluate new state with goal
Norman, D.A. (2002): The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, pp. 45-53
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 11
User interface problems Problems can be described in terms of Gulf of execution – difference between user determined action formulation and the actions allowed by system Gulf of evaluation – difference between physical presentation of system state and user expectation These gulfs can be “bridged” in two ways a) Users can change to suit the interface and designers can design “knowing the
user” b) Users can change their interpretation of system responses and designers can
change output characteristics
Norman, D.A. (2002): The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, pp. 45-53
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 12
Principles of good interaction design
The aim of a good design for a software is to minimize the gulfs of execution and evaluation. In order to do this the design should • Help the user build the correct conceptual model of the system • Provide memory aids to the user • Make the right parts visible • Provide good feedback • Accommodate errors
We adapt principles of user-centered design to realize good interaction design.
Norman, D.A. (2002): The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, pp. 45-53
How do we use user-centered design activities
in our own development practice?
Integrating Agile Software Development with User-Centered Design
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 14
Benefits of integrating agile development and UCD
Development effort is not wasted on programming features that eventually would turn out to be wrong Usability testing and evaluation are conducted throughout the entire project The concept of time-boxed sprints (aka iteration) helps developers to focus on features that are important to users and to test these features with a specific set of user tasks Timely feedback is always available and developers get a better understanding of existing user needs within the development project
More: Rannikko, P. (2011) User-Centered Design in Agile Software Development. Tampere.
Our process
How do we use User Centered Design in our own development practice?
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 16
Basic process in educational software projects Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 Iteration 4 Iteration n
vision/ objective analysis
data collection
inquiry
interviews
ideation
project start kick-off Final presentation
persona
Project Pitch brainstorming
Project pitch
Paper prototype
UI design
user research
usability testing
Paper prototype
UI design
user research
Usability testing
development/ test
development/ test
development/ test
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 17
Scrum activities
sprint (iteration) sprint planning meeting
sprint review
sprint retrospective
weekly status emails
t
0 2 weeks
Adapted scrum process in the neonion project
Our tools
How do we use user-centered design in our own development practice?
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 19
Defining the main user interactions
Based on user research a shared understanding of user interactions with the software are defined between the project owner and project lead
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 20
Jira scrum board
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 21
HCI guidelines
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 22
Usability inspection based on heuristics
Is based on an analytical evaluation process An existing software interface and the interaction concept is analyzed by a predefined set of heuristics Heuristics are rules and design guidelines for the design of user interfaces The aim of the analysis is to identify difficult or problematic areas in the recent interface design
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 23
Low fidelity mockups based on Balsamiq
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 24
Applied procedure by usability testing of software
Traditional approach Our approach
one-way mirrored pane
camera (face)
observers
test lead
camera (screen)
proband proband
test lead
laptop
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 25
Applied procedure by usability testing of paper prototypes
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 26
My lessons learned in this process …
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 27
Apply Discuss Learn Adapt
Be patient
Prof. Dr. Cl. Müller-Birn | Human-Centered Computing | Institute of Computer Science | FU Berlin | Sep 2014 28
http://www.neonion.org
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