Instructional Ladders for Common Core Standards

Sherida Gentry and Carolyn DowningEducational Consultants

West Kentucky Special Education Cooperative

R.CCR.2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze

their development; summarize the key

supporting details and ideas.

Disclaimer

• The information in this PowerPoint was not meant to be utilized as the only instructional options for the Reading Standards. The examples are simply meant to be a starting point to show options for how strategies for teaching reading can be instructed.

• CAUTION: You should utilize the Instructional Planning Tools located on the KDE website to organize your collaborative discussions with content specialists in order to develop the most appropriate instructional options for your students.

Text can be chosen from Appendix B:Text Exemplars and Sample Performance Tasks

• Kindergarten and 1st – Henry’s Awful Mistake• 2nd and 3rd- a fable written by a 2nd grader• 4th and 5th – Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (short story)

• 6th- 8th –Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry• 9th and 10th- To Kill a Mocking Bird• 11th and 12th – The Bluest Eye

Task Analysis/Differentiated Instruction

• Use repeated readings of a story• May begin instruction on lower level reading

material• Use short stories• Use graphic organizers to make the abstract

concept more concrete• Begin with a read aloud, then move to student

reading• Scaffold the task

R.CCR.2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

Literature Key Ideas & Details

R.L.K.2 With prompting and support, retell familiar stories, including key details.

R.L.1.2 Retell stories, including key details, and demonstrate understanding of their central message or lesson.

R.L.2.2 Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.

R.L.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message, lesson, or moral and explainhow it is conveyed through key details in the text.

R.L.4.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.

R.L.5.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges orhow the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the text.

R.L.6.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct frompersonal opinions or judgments.

R.L.7.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.

R.L.8.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.

R.L.9-10.2

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and isshaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

R.L.11-12.2

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.

TERMS from Anchor Standard 2• Theme-a broad idea, message, or moral of a story. The message

may be about life, society, or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost always implied rather than stated explicitly.

• Central Message- same as theme• Central Idea-same as theme• Moral- the theme of a fable• Lesson- same as moral• Supporting details- major and minor, support the main idea by

telling how, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many• Objective summary- using few words to give the most important

information about something which is based on facts rather than feelings or opinions

Theme ……is a broad idea, message, or moral of a story. The message may be about life, society,

or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost always implied rather than stated explicitly.

What exactly is this elusive thing called theme?• The theme of a fable is its moral. • The theme of a parable is its teaching. • The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people

behave.

In fiction, the theme is not intended to teach or preach. In fact, it is not presented directly at all. You extract it from the characters, action, and setting that make up the story. In other words, you must figure out the theme yourself.

There can be, and usually is, more than one theme, central idea or central message in a story. There will be at least one central theme,

central idea or central message in each chapter of a story.

• Fable-A succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which are given human qualities, and that illustrates a moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be expressed explicitly in a pithy maxim (a short saying that serves as a motto.)

• Folktale-A traditional narrative, usually anonymous, handed down orally - e.g., fables, fairy tales, legends, etc.

• Myth - a legendary or traditional story, usually one concerning a superhuman being and dealing with events that have no natural explanation. A myth may also be an unproved belief that is accepted uncritically, or an invented idea or story. It usually attempts to explain a phenomenon or strange occurrence without regard to fact or common sense and appeals to the emotions rather than reason. A myth is less historical than a legend and usually persists through oral transmission, as do legends and fables.

•Change definition of myth

1st and 2nd grades

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) Kindergarten Anchor Standard

2Kindergarten Activity

Key Ideas and details

2. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize they key supporting details and ideas.

With prompting and support, retell familiarstories, including key details.

Teacher read the story aloud the first time.

Do Auditory Closure as teacher reads the story the 2nd time.

One page at a time, have students retell the story as teacher shows them the pictures

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 1st Grade Anchor Standard

21st Activity

Retell stories, including key details, anddemonstrate understanding of their centralmessage or lesson.

Teacher read the story the first time.

Do Auditory Closure as teacher reads the story the 2nd time.

One page at a time, have students retell the story as you show them the pictures

Use a Graphic Organizer-

•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or experience?

•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell you that the main character learned this lesson.

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 1st Grade)

Who is the main Character in the story?What did he/she learn or experience?

(message may be about life, society, or human nature))

1st grade

L.2. 1st “Retell stories, including key details, anddemonstrate understanding of their central

message or lesson.”

What details from the story tell you that he/she learned or experienced this?

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 1st Grade)

Who is the main Character in the story?What did he/she learn or experience?

(message may be about life, society, or human nature)

Henry He learned that he shouldn’t get so excited about a little ant.

1st grade

L.2. 1st “Retell stories, including key details, anddemonstrate understanding of their central

message or lesson.”

What details from the story tell you that he/she learned or experienced this?

•He ruined his date•He destroyed his house•He ignored the ant at the end

The Duck That ListenedBy Ria ChinchankarOne day, a mother duck has ten little ducklings. When all the ducks were five the mother duck said, “I will teach you all how to play the flute.” Then all of the ducks began to laugh except for one, the tenth duck. So he said, “Mama, Mama, can you teach me?” “OK,” said Mama. The duck was horrible! “A little bit more practice and you will sound great,” said Mama. And so he practiced a lot. He was very good. He was twenty years old by then. One day, he became famous playing the flute while all his other siblings were poor.

MORAL: Listen to your parents and you will be successful.

http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/wgesweb/lim/StudentWorkOctober.htm

2nd and 3rd grades

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 2nd Grade

Anchor Standard 2

2nd ActivityKey Ideas and details

Recount stories, including fables and folktalesfrom diverse cultures, and determine their centralmessage, lesson, or moral.

Use fables and folktalesfrom diverse cultures--Repeat read the story.-Have the students retell the story.-Use a graphic organizer.•Who is the Main Character and what did he learn? What lesson did you learn?

The theme of a fable is its moral.

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2-2nd Grade)

Who is the main Character in the story?

What did he/she learn or experience?

What lesson did you learn? (Moral of the Story)

2nd grade

L. 2. 2nd “Recount stories, including fables and folktalesfrom diverse cultures, and determine their central

message, lesson, or moral.”

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2-2nd Grade)

What lesson did you learn? (Moral of the Story)

The 10th duck He learned to play the flute well.

Keep practicing.Never quit.

Listen to your mother.

2nd grade

L. 2. 2nd “Recount stories, including fables and folktalesfrom diverse cultures, and determine their central

message, lesson, or moral.”

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 3rd Grade

Anchor Standard 2

3rd ActivityKey Ideas and details

Recount stories, including fables, folktales, andmyths from diverse cultures; determine thecentral message, lesson, or moral and explainhow it is conveyed through key details in the text.

Use fables and folktalesfrom diverse cultures--Repeat read the story.-Have the students retell the story.-Use a graphic organizer.•Who is the Main Character and what did he learn? What lesson did you learn?•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell you that the main character learned this lesson.

The theme of a fable is its moral.

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 3th Grade)

What details from the book, poem or drama tell you that he/she

learned or experienced this?

What lesson did you learn?

(Moral of the Story)

3th grade

L. 2. 3rd “Recount stories, including fables, folktales, andmyths from diverse cultures; determine the central message,

lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.”

What lesson did you learn?

(Moral of the Story)

The 10th duck He learned to play the flute well.

• He was horrible at first.

• His mother said keep practicing and you will be good.

• He was 5 when he started and 20 when he was famous.

Keep practicing.Never quit.

Listen to your mother.

3th grade

L. 2. 3rd “Recount stories, including fables, folktales, andmyths from diverse cultures; determine the central message,

lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.”

4th and 5th grades

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 4th Grade Anchor Standard 2 4th Activity

Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or experience? What did you learn about life and how people behave?)•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell you what the main character learned or experienced.

“(the main character)________________ learned or experienced_________________________

(list details) 1)__________________________________________2)__________________________________________3)__________________________________________4)__________________________________________

(What view about life and how people behave did you get from reading this book, drama, or poem?) __________________________________________.

What did you learn? (view about life and how

people behave)

4th grade

L. 2. 4th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.

people behave)

The farmhand

He was turned into a horse by a witch and then turned her into a horse.

•The farmhand was turned into a horse and the witch rode him.•The farmhand turned back into a man and turned the witch into a horse.•The farmhand had the horse shod and sold her to her husband.

The farmhand beat the witch at her

own game.

4th grade

L. 2. 4th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.

Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges orhow the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.•Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or experience? What did you learn about life and how people behave?•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell you what the main character learned or experienced.

(list details) 1)__________________________________________2)__________________________________________3)__________________________________________4)__________________________________________

(What view about life and how people behave did you get from reading this book, drama, or poem?) __________________________________________.

people behave)

5th grade

L. 2. 5th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize

the text.

Character’s Challenge (teacher may list) Character’s Response

people behave)

The farmhand

He was turned into a horse by a witch and then turned her into a horse.

•The farmhand was turned into a horse and the witch rode him.•The farmhand turned back into a man and turned the witch into a horse.•The farmhand had the horse shod and sold her to her husband.

The farmhand beat the witch at her

own game.

5th grade

L. 2. 5th Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize

the text.

Character’s Challenge (teacher may list) Character’s ResponseThe farmhand was turned into a horse. He rubbed against the fence until the bridle

came off, causing him to turn back into a man.

He wanted to teach the witch a lesson. •He said magic words over the witch and she turned into a horse.•He had her shod.•He sold her to her husband.

6th – 8th grades

Chapter 1

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct frompersonal opinions or judgments.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.Who is the Main Character and what did he/she learn or experience? What did the author convey about life and how people behave?

•In the graphic Organizer, list details from the text that tell you what the main character learned or experienced.

(list details) 1)__________________________________________2)__________________________________________3)__________________________________________4)__________________________________________

(What view about life and how people behave did the author convey?) __________________________________________.

What did the author convey

about life and how people behave?

6th grade

L. 2. 6th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.

What did the author convey

about life and how people behave?

Cassie

•White children made fun of the black children

•The school district didn’t treat black children as well as white students.

•The white children laughed as the bus showered dust on the walking black children.

•The books are very old and dirty; they are books no longer needed at the white school

There was extreme racism in the south

during that time marked by greed

and hatred.

6th grade

L. 2. 6th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.•First complete the theme organizer.•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the theme, from different episodes along the plot of the story.•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following slide.

L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an

objective summary of the text.

Main Idea of an Episode

What did the author convey about life and how people

behave?

7th grade

L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.

behave?

Cassie

•White children made fun of the black children•The school district didn’t treat black children as well as white students.

There was extreme racism in the south during that

time marked by greed and hatred.

7th grade

L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.

Chapter 1

Episode BoxMain Idea

Main Character/s from the theme _______________

What is most important about the main character/s? (related to the theme) __________________________________________________

_______+_______= main idea

Main Character/s from the theme -Cassie

What is most important about the main character/s? (related to the theme)-She realized that there was extreme racism in the south marked by greed and hatred.

Main idea- Cassie realized that there was extreme racism in the south during that time marked by greed and hatred.

Do an episode box, determining Main Idea, through different episodes along the story plot.

Cassie realized that there was extreme racism in the south marked by greed and hatred

L. 2. 7th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an

objective summary of the text.

Cassie realized that there was extreme racism in the south

marked by greed and hatred

Main Idea of an Episode

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.•First complete the theme organizer.•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the theme, and setting, from different episodes along the plot of the story.•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following slide with the episode boxes along the plot line.

behave?

8th grade

L. 2. 8th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the

_______+_______= main idea

Setting _________________________ _______________________

_______+_______= main idea

Setting: 1930s in Spokane Co. Mississippi, during the Great Depression, in and on the way to a black schoolhouse _______________________

Do an episode box, determining Main Idea, and setting through different episodes along the story plot.

9th and 10th grades

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 9th and 10th Grade Anchor Standard 2 9th -10th Activity

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and isshaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use a graphic organizer.•First complete the theme organizer.•Next complete episode boxes for main idea related to the theme, and setting, from different episodes along the plot of the story.•Next add details under each main idea episode box.•The goal is to complete the organizer on the following slide with the episode boxes along the plot line.

Main Idea of an Episode Main Idea of an Episode Main Idea of an EpisodeDe

Sample Theme Organizer (Anchor Standard 2- 9th – 10th Grade)

behave?

9th – 10th grade

L. 2. 9th- 10th Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

_______+_______= main idea

Do an episode box, determining Main Idea, and setting through different episodes along the story plot.

HS-3Theme

Main Idea of an Episode Main Idea of an Episode Main Idea of an EpisodeDe

11th and 12th grades

Anchor Standard 2 (Literature) 11th and 12th Grade Anchor Standard 2 11th and 12th Activity

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.

-Repeat read a story, a poem, or drama.-Have the students retell the story, the poem, or drama.-Use 2 graphic organizers.•First complete the theme organizer's•Next complete episode boxes for each theme organizer, focusing on main ideas related to the theme, and settings, from different episodes along the plot of the story.•Next add details under each main idea episode box.•The goal is to complete an organizer, for each theme, on the following slide with the episode boxes dealing with each theme, along the plot line. •Then add an observation of how these two themes are interaction as the story progresses.

THEME 2THEME 1

Episode Box

Main Idea

Main Character/s from the theme __________________________

What is most important about the main character/s? (related to the theme) __________________________________________________________

_______+_______= main idea

Main Idea

Main Character/s from the theme ___________________________

What is most important about the main character/s? (related to the theme) ______________________________________________________

_______+_______= main idea

Interaction

cdowning@wk.net

Instructional Ladders for Common Core Standards

text exemplars

central ideas

key details

central message

key supporting details

specific details

particular details

recount stories

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