Transcript
Insect Pests Diagnostics
Stacey Jones
Area Specialized Agent (Central Region)
Commercial Greenhouse and Nursery
What is an Insect?
Insect Orders
Complete Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
List of Orders
• Coleoptera-Beetles
• Lepidoptera- Butterflies and Moths
• Hymenoptera-Ants, Bees, Wasps
• Diptera-Flies
BUTTERFLY OR MOTH
Chewing Mouthparts
• Two mandibles
Exception: Bees
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Defoliation
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Shotholes
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
• Margin notching
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Skeletonization
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Leaf Roller
– Caterpillar
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Leaf mining
– Caterpillars
– Fly larvae
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Silk
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Frass
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Protective cases
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Silk
• Frass
Beetles
• Hard elytra
• Line down the back
• Larvae no prolegs
• Branch/Trunk Dieback
– Beetle larvae
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
• Shoot dieback
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Cicadas
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches
• Girdlers
– Mesquite Girdler
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
• Exit Holes
– Beetle (adult and larvae)
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
Borer Eggs
• Eggs laid on or below the surface
• Tiny larvae bore into the wood
Flat Headed Borers
• Metallic Wood Boring Beetle
• Meandering galleries
• D shaped exit holes
• Fine saw dust
Round Headed Borer• Longhorned Beetle
• Tunnels into heartwood
• Round exit holes
• Course saw dust
Chewing Mouthpart DamageRoots
• Root feeding
– Scarab Beetle larvae
Incomplete Metamorphosis
List of Orders
• Hemiptera-True bugs
• Homoptera-Aphids, Whitefly, Hoppers, Cicadas
• Orthoptera- Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids
• Thysanoptera-Thrips
• Blattodea-Roaches
• Mantodea-Mantids
• Isoptera-Termites
• Odonata-Dragonflies and Damselflies
Sucking Mouthparts
• Homoptera and Hemiptera have probiscis
• Rest in this group have chewing mouthparts
True Bug Wings
• Half leathery/ half membranous
http://schmidling.com/lfbug1.jpg
Main Pests
1. True bugs
2. Aphids
3. Whitefly
4. Thrips
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Main Pests
1. Scale insects
2. Mealybugs
3. Leafhopper
4. Spider mites
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Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Stippling
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Yellowing
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Streaking- Thrips
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Cupping
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Fecal Spots
– Lacebugs
– Thrips
– Leafhoppers
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Honeydew
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Scale/Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Sooty mold
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Scale/Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Exoskeletons
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Leafhopper
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• White wax
– Soft Scale
– Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Brown Scabs
– Armored Scale
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Webbing
– Spider mites
Disease Vectors
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
Miscellaneous Damage
Egg Laying
• Leafhoopers
• Cicadas
Galls
• Egg laying
• Saliva injection
Not a Pest
• Leaf Cutter Bee
Not Insect Damage
• Wood Pecker
Questions?
Stacey Jones
704-920-3310
stacey_ jones@ncsu.edu
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