INO Collaboration

India-based Neutrino Collaboration(INO), INDIA 1

B.S.Acharya, Sudeshna Banerjee, P.N.Bhat, S.R.Dugad, P.Ghosh, K.S.Gothe, S.K.Gupta, S.D.Kalmani, N. Krishnan, N. K Mondal, B.K.Nagesh , P.Nagaraj, Biswajit Paul, A.K.Ray, Probir Roy, B.Satyanarayana, S.Upadhaya, P.Verma

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai  V.M.Datar, M.S.Bhatia, S.K.Kataria

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai P. Bhattacharya, S.Bhattacharya, S. Chattopadhyay, A.Ghoshal, A.Goswami K. Kar, D.Majumdar, P.B.Pal, S. Saha, M. Sharan, S.Sarkar, S.Sen

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata S. Chattopadhyay, M.R.Datta Mazumdar, P.Ghosh, G.S.N.Murthy, T.Nayak, Y.P.Viyogi

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata Amitava Raychaudhuri

Calcutta University, Kolkata M.V.N.Murthy, D.Indumathi

Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai A. Datta, R.Gandhi, S.Goswami, S. Rakshit, P.Mehta

Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad S.C.Phatak, D.P.Mahapatra

IOP, BhubaneswarAmit Roy

Nuclear Science Centre, New DelhiJ.B.Singh, M.M.Gupta, V.Bhatnagar

Panjab University, Chandigarh  S.D.Sharma

Himachal Pradesh University, SimlaA.Joshipura, S.Rindani

P.R.L., AhmedabadA.Bhadra,B.Ghosh,A.Mukherjee,S.K.Sarkar

North Bengal UniversityS.UmasankarIIT, Mumbai

S.K.SinghAMU

Scientific Advisors: G.Rajasekaran, Bikash Sinha, Ramnath Cowsik,V.S.Narasimham, H.S.Mani, Amit Roy 

INO Collaboration

41 Experimentalists & Engineers22 Theorists

India-based Neutrino Collaboration(INO), INDIA 2

Proposed INO detector

Magnetised iron calorimeter

Iron

RP

C

140

laye

rs

• RPC dimension: 3m X 2m

• No of chambers: 11K

• No of channels: 220K

• No of TDC channels: 3K

35KTons

(2 Tesla solenoid)

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A passing charged particle induces an avalanche, which develops into a spark. The discharge is quenched when all of the locally ( ) available charge is consumed.

2cm 1.0r

The discharged area recharges slowly through the high-resistivity glass plates.

Before spark After spark

Signal pickup(X)

Signal pickup(Y)

GlassPlates

Graphite

Graphite

Spacer

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RPC principle of operation

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Two 2 mm thick float GlassSeparated by 2 mm spacer

2 mm thick spacer

Glass plates

Graphite coating on the outer surfaces of glass

Signalpickup stripsfor X-Y readout

RPC construction

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A small area RPC prototypeGas inlet

HV terminals

Graphite coat

Gas outlet

Spacer

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P1P2

P3

P4P5

P6

Glass RPC under test

Muon Trigger =654321 PPPPPP

Cosmic muon trigger and timing

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RPC test setup

8020 Sections

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Schematic of gas mixing unit

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Typical RPC efficiency plot

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Typical timing distribution plots

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Typical time response plot

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RPC timing resolution plot

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RPC typical charge distributions

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RPC typical mean charge plot

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RPC typical noise rate plot

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Gas mixtures’ study plots

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INO prototype detector• Detector and signal specifications

– Detector dimensions: 1m X 1m X 1m – 14 layers of RPCs with 6cm iron plates interleaved.– Two signal planes orthogonal to each other and each having 32 pick-up strips– Total channels = 32 X 14 X 2 = 896– Pulse height = 100 to 300mV; Rise time = < 1 ns– Pulse width = ~50ns; Rate ~ 1KHz

• Trigger information– Expected trigger rate is few Hz– Required Trigger logic is m X n fold, where – m = 1 to 4; no. of consecutive channels in a layer – n = 5 to 1; no. of consecutive layers with m fold in each layer – ie m x n = (1 x 5) OR (2 x 4) OR (3 x 3) OR (4 x 2)

• Information to be recorded on a trigger – Absolute arrival time of the trigger – Track identification (XYZ points in RPC layers)– Direction of track ( TDC information)– Miscellaneous information and calibration data

• Monitoring health of the detector

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Current status• Gas mixing and distribution system developed• Production of small area (1 ft2) RPCs successful• Studied efficiency and timing resolution of RPCs• Detailed studies on effect of water vapour in gas and

long term stability of chambers in progress• Electronics for prototype detector electronics finalised• Production of circuit boards and other components in

progress

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Future plan• Production of prototype detector chambers (4 ft X 3 ft)• Study of pickup strip materials and geometries• To study avalanche mode of operation, improving timing

resolution

• Continuation of work on gas mixtures including SF6

• Design of electronics, trigger and DAQ schemes for the final detector

• Cooperative VLSI and ASIC development programmes for electronics being explored