Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen
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Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen
PE 236Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC
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Anatomy ReviewThoracic cage has 12 pairs of ribs.
The first 7 pairs connect directly to sternum Pairs 8 through 10 connect via common costal cartilage Pairs 11 and 12 are “_________”
Major thoracic joints include:
________________________________________________________
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Anatomy Review
Muscles of the trunk (posterior view)
Trapezius Rhomboids Latissimus dorsi and
others
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Anatomy Review
Internal thoracic organs and major blood vessels of the region are:
Heart & pericardium Lungs & pleura
Thoracic aortaPulmonary artery & veinsVena cava
Trachea & esophagus
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Anatomy Review
Abdominal quadrants RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
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Anatomy ReviewAbdominal Organs and Structures
RUQ contains:_______________________________
RLQ contains:_______________________________
LUQ contains:________________________________
LLQ contains: ________________
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Common Thoracic Injuries
Fractures can occur to ____, _________, _______, or ______ _________
Injuries must be treated immediately to avoid _____________ or ___________
Are not uncommon in sportCan be either direct or indirect trauma
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Common Thoracic Injuries
Signs and symptoms of rib fractures include:
Extreme ___________ that is aggravated by _______, _______, and _____________
Athlete _____________ at point of injury
Mild swelling at site; there may be ____________
Breathing difficulties; _________ _________________
First Aid Monitor vital signs and watch for
respiratory distress Transport to medical facility
Joint _________ and ___________ of thoracic skeletal joints can occur ___________________ involve disunion of _______ and _____Have a higher incidence than ______________________________
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Common Thoracic Injuries
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Common Thoracic Injuries
Signs and symptoms of subluxations and dislocations include:
History of _________________ sensations Pain and tenderness over __________________ _____________________, and swelling in the
localized area Maximum or near-maximum ________ may be
very difficultTreatment
Apply ice and light compression immediately Treat for shock and transport to medical facility
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Lung Injuries __________________ may occur as
complication of a rib fracture, contusion, or other type of lung injury
Fractured rib can _______________, causing ______________
___________________ can occur ___________ (reported in weight lifters and runners)
____________ occurs when _____________________
This condition can be life threatening
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Lung Injuries
Signs and symptoms include: Severe pain in chest, sometimes
radiating to thoracic spine Breathing problems (__________) May have _____________ and
_____________
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Lung Injuries
Treatment Treat for shock Monitor vital signs Transport to medical facility immediately
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Heart Injuries While rare, contusions to the chest
wall can bruise the heart, resulting in death
_______________ can occur
Use of ___________ is the most practical way to ____________ of people experiencing ________ _______
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Sudden Death Syndrome in Athletes Cause of Condition
________________- thickening of cardiac muscle w/ no increase in chamber size___________- abnormality in connective tissue results in __________________________Series of additional cardiac causesNon-cardiac causes include drugs and alcohol, intracranial bleeding, obstructive respiratory disease
Signs and SymptomsMost _________________________________May exhibit _________, ____________, _______, ________, ___________, _____________, _______ _____________
Heart Injuries
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CareImmediate medical attention is necessary – ___ ____________________
Prevention _________________ are critical in ____ ____________ and ________ of sudden deathScreening questions should address the following
History of ____________ ____________________ Periods of ________ during exercise Family history Thickening of heart or history of Marfan’s syndrome
Cardiac screening - electrocardiograms and echocardiograms may be needed to determine existing pathology
Appendicitis The importance of _____________ could
save the athletes life Inflammation of the appendix can be chronic
(clears itself) or acute Caused by _________________ from a
variety of causes Highest incidence is between _________
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Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
Signs and Symptoms Mild to severe cramp in ___________ ____________________ Low-grade fever Pain in _______________ Positive ______________ Elevated white blood cell count
Treatment Refer to physician
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Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
_____________________ Can lead to ____________ of the _________
and unconsciousness “___________________________” Signs and Symptoms
Athlete is unable to inhale Treatment
Loosed athletes belt and clothing around abdomenTell athlete to _____________
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Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Hernia Cause of Injury
Protrusion of abdominal viscera through portion of ____________ (_________________)The danger of a hernia is the possibility that it may become ______________________Inguinal vs. femoral hernias
Inguinal– __________________ Femoral—__________________
Complications __________________
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Abdominal Hernia Protrusion of the _______________ through a
portion of the abdominal wall
Inguinal Hernia Protrusion of the ____________ through the
_____________Signs and Symptoms
Previous history of a blow or strain to the groin/lower abdomen region that produces pain and prolonged discomfort
_________________________ Reported feeling of ____________ and _____
____________________________________
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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TreatmentMost physicians prefer athlete to __________ _______________________________Mechanical devices are not suitable for athletics due to _______________ they produceWhile exercise is thought to be beneficial with regards to strengthening, that is not the case
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Internal Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen
Liver, Kidneys, Spleen and Bladder Injuries Although fairly safe, the liver is
susceptible to ____________Diseases such as __________ make liver more vulnerable___________________________ ___________________________
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Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
Kidneys are susceptible to ________ directed at ____________
Kidneys may also be injured as a result of ___________
Be alert for _________
Refer athlete to a physician
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Injury of the Spleen Cause of Injury
Result of a ______________________________ (causing an enlarged spleen)
Signs and SymptomsIndications of a ruptured spleen involve history of a ________, __________, ___________, ________, _________
Be alert for ____________Referred pain in ____________________________________________
Check nail beds and eyelids________________ may produce delayed hemorrhaging - easily disrupted resulting in internal bleeding
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Treatment Conservative treatment involves 1 wk of hospitalization and a ____________________Surgery will result in three months of recovery while removal of spleen will result in a 6 month removal from activityIn cases of mononucleosis athlete may resume training in ___________ if spleen not _______ and if there ___________
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Injuries to the Bladder Cause of Injury
Blunt force to the lower abdomen may cause injury to urinary bladder if distended with urine__________ is often associated with _________ of bladder during running (_________________)
Signs and SymptomsPain, discomfort of lower abdominal region, _________ _____, nausea, ______, _____, ______________ _________, increased quantity of _____________Athlete should be instructed to ____________Inability to _____ will present in case of _____________
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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_______________________ Cause of Injury
Result of blunt trauma and contusion to the vulnerable and sensitive scrotum
Signs and Symptoms________________________________________ _________________May cause nauseating, disabling and painful condition
TreatmentPlace athlete _______________________Apply cold pack as pain subsidesIf pain persist after ________________ will be necessary
(.wav)
Internal Injuries to the Abdomen
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Internal Injuries
Always rule out internal injuries whenever there is a blow to the ribs or abdomen
Internal injuries “sneak up” due to no immediate warning signs
Always ___________________ after injury
***____________________________
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