Industrial hygiene BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14

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Industrial Hygiene

Industrial hygiene is defined as the recognition, evaluation, and control of workplace hazards.

Its origins are based on limiting personal exposures to chemicals, and have evolved to address the control of most other workplace hazards including over-exposure to noise, heat, vibration, and repetitive motion

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OSH Act of 1970 The purpose of the OSH Act is to

“assure so far as possible every working,

man and woman in the nation safe and

healthful working conditions and to

preserve our human resources.”

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Environmental Factors or StressesChemical hazards

gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke

Physical hazards

radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures

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Environmental Factors or StressesErgonomic hazards

workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions

Biological hazards

insects, mold, fungi, bacteria, and viruses

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Routes of EntryInhalation

airborne contaminants

Absorption

penetration through the skin

Ingestion

eating

drinking

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OSHA Hierarchy of ControlEngineering controls

Work practice controls

Administrative controls

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

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Types of ExposureAcute

Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms

ChronicLong time period between exposure to an

agent and the onset of symptoms

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Types of Air ContaminantsParticulates

dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers

non respirable particles

> 10 m in diameter

respirable particles

< 10 m in diameter

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Types of Air ContaminantsFumes

volatilized solids condenses in cool air < 1.0 m in diameter

hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxideMists

suspended solid dropletsgenerated by a condensation of liquids from a

vapors to a liquid state

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Types of Air ContaminantsFibers

solid, slender, elongated structureslength several times the diameter

Gasesformless fluids that expand to occupy a space

arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air

Vaporsliquid changed to vapor

organic solvents

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Hearing Conservation ProgramMandatory

at an 8-hour TWA > 85 dBA

Exposure monitoring

Audiometric testing

Hearing protection

Employee training

Recordkeeping

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ProtectionThe selection of appropriate

personal protective equipment for exposure control often requires both an understanding of the limitations of the equipment, and the expected exposure parameters as determined by an industrial hygiene evaluation. Engineering controls are considered the preferred method of control, but personal protective equipment plays an important role for health, safety, and rescue. The potential for misuse or misapplication of these devices should be evaluated. 13

Industrial Hygiene

ANTICIPATION RECOGNITION EVALUTION CONTROL

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