Improved Social Utility of P2P Streaming with a VBR-Based Substream Design

P2P Streaming Basics (1)

Content Provider (origin)

P2P Network

01 R.Buyya+3 "Content Delivery Networks" Springer LNEE, vol.9 (2008)M.Zhanikeev -- maratishe@gmail.com -- Social Utility of P2P Streaming with VBR Substream Design -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131114 --- 2/18...

P2P Streaming Basics (2)

• P2P delivery network is not a tree 02

◦ officially: multiple complimentary trees

• each peer is normally at most 3-4 hopsaway from the content server 05

• P2P streaming is always realtime 03

◦ other content can be converted torealtime via scheduled sessions

Traffic flow

02 myself+0 "...Extremely Scalable and Low Demand ... P2P Streaming ...Variable Bitrate" CANDAR (2013)

03 myself+0 "Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the Cloud" Wiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds (2013)

05 P.Baccichet+3 "Low-delay Peer-to-Peer Streaming using Scalable Video Coding" Packet Video (2007)

M.Zhanikeev -- maratishe@gmail.com -- Social Utility of P2P Streaming with VBR Substream Design -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131114 --- 3/18...

P2P Streaming: Push vs Pull

Server Client

……

Server Client

……

• a well known argument 03 10

• pull: +RTT for every piece

• pull: high throughput requires manymany remote peers

• push: connect once, use for along time

03 myself+0 "Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the Cloud" Wiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds (2013)

10 Z.Li+4 "Towards Low-Redundancy Push-Pull P2P Live Streaming" QShine (2008)

Push/Pull = BitTorrent/Substream

• pull = BitTorrent, many existing methods 11

• push = substream method

◦ many services like Coolstreaming 07, Afreeca 08, Uusee 09, etc...◦ also referred to as sliced or layered streaming

11 C.Stais+1 "Realistic Media Streaming over BitTorrent" Future Network and Mobile Summit (2012)

07 B.Li+5 "Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance Implications" IEEE INFOCOM (2008)

08 K.Park+4 "An Analysis of User Dynamics in P2P Live Streaming Services" ICC (2010)

09 C.Wu+2 "Diagnosing Network-wide P2P Live Streaming Inefficiencies" IEEE INFOCOM (2009)

The Variable World

• you normally get wide distributions ofthroughput across peers

• some method are trying to cope by applyingvariable load to peers◦ variable-size pieces in BitTorrent 06, etc.

Traffic flow

06 C.Gurler+2 "Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable video" ICIP (2012)

CBR, VBR, SVC• CBR andVBR are self-explanatory, the best VBR isH.264 12

• SVC: recently introduced into H.264 and well studied 13

• SVC: think of it as configurable load distribution across frames

GOPBlock

CBRVBR

GOPBlock

12 "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services" ITU-T Recommendation H.264 (2012)

13 R.Kusching+2 "An Evaluation of TCP-based Rate-Control ... Streaming of H.264/SVC" ACM SIGMM MMsys) (2010)

VBR and SVC in Practice• H.264 in VBR versus SVC single layer -- real trace from 15

• H.264 has several modes: temporal, spatial, single-layer, etc.

0 20 40 60 80 100Time sequence

VBRSVC

0 20 40 60 80 100Distribution sequence

b)15 P.Seeling+2 "Network Performance Evaluation with Frame Size and Quality Traces ..." IEEE Comm. Surveys... (2004)

Methods: Formally...

• parameters: block size, video format

• input: peers with variable e2e throughput

• output: mapping between blocks and peers

• many possible patterns:◦ VBR with same size blocks, CBR with variable size blocks, etc.

.data grain..

.adaptive versus fixed

.peer load..

.regular of irregular

Methods: Specifically

GOPFRAME

Content

Fixed Regular

FixedIrregular

AdaptiveIrregular

This method

FRE AIR

FIRBLOCK

Raw Tests: Simple AIR

Parent A Client

Parent B

Connection close detected

Close connection Pick a better candidate

Bigger frames (GOP pos x)

Periodic check/update

Bigger frames (GOP pos x) Smaller frames (GOP pos y)

Re -order parents

Only for changed

frames/parents/GOP pos

Failed to receive

• AIR: frame position inGOP per peer 02

• traditionaldynamics: re-electslowest parent/child

• AIR dynamics:re-assign GOP positionson failure

• features: only 1-2parents with large throughput,others are small

Raw Tests: AIR Methods Work!

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35VBR shape

0 0.12 0.24 0.36SVC shape

0 0.5 1 1.5CBR Level

0.001:0.0050.005:0.010.01:0.050.05:0.1Lower drop probability:

Utility: Formally..• load distribution across substreams p

{S}k, with your downstream capacity C

• throughput/rate p{R}kand lag p

{L}kprob. distributions across k peers

• with F() meaning function of, the quality if your substream design for anymethod is:

Q = F(CS, p{R}k, p{L}k

), (1)

with the obvious rate ceiling of∑i=1..k

Ri ≤ S ≤ C. (2)

• social utility in this context is the response of your design to churn• in practice: two (evaluable scalarly) situations A and B for which utility is:

U =QB − QA∣∣B− A

∣∣ . (3)

Utility: Optimization

• obvious subject to optimization

maximize∑

i∈people

∑j∈time

Ui,j (4)

subject to∑

i∈peopleRi ≤ S ≤ C, (5)

∑i∈people

∑j∈time

Li,j ≤ 0. (6)

Utility: Simulation Models• crowd distributions p

{R}k(throughputs)

{y = (eax)−1

◦ setup: a ∈ (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9) and x ∈ (1..100), same toframe size in VBR/SVC

• each self has 10 peers, churn is emulated by dropping up to 5 peers randomly(replaced with new)

• methods:

1. AIR: responds to churn by changing frame size distribution to mimic p{R}k

2. FIR.VBR: reassigns frames to substreams in descending order (both in rates andframe sizes) 02

3. FIR.GOP: responds to churn by repacking blocks as multiples of GOP06 to mimic p

4. FRE: S is split into equal substreams, conventional parent re-election

06 C.Gurler+2 "Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable video" ICIP (2012)

Utility: Results

-2 0 2 4Change

Utilit

Crowd: 0.03..0.05

-4 -2 0 2 4Change

Utilit

Crowd: 0.07..0.1FREFIR.GOPFIR.VBRAIR

-4 -2 0 2 4Change

Utilit

Crowd: 0.2..0.3

-4 -2 0 2 4Change

-4-2024

Utilit

Crowd: 0.5..0.9

Wrapup

• VBR is fit for real peer crowds

• SVC is even better because transponding is easy

• social utility in the AIR method shows good response both in improving anddeteriorating conditions

That’s all, thank you ...

[01] R.Buyya+3 (2008)Content Delivery NetworksSpringer LNEE, vol.9

[02] myself+0 (2013)...Extremely Scalable and Low Demand ... P2P Streaming ...Variable BitrateCANDAR

[03] myself+0 (2013)Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the CloudWiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds

[04] N.Capovilla+4 (2010)...Distributing Scalable Content over P2P NetworksMMEDIA

[05] P.Baccichet+3 (2007)Low-delay Peer-to-Peer Streaming using Scalable Video CodingPacket Video

[06] C.Gurler+2 (2012)Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable videoICIP

[07] B.Li+5 (2008)Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and PerformanceImplicationsIEEE INFOCOM

[08] K.Park+4 (2010)An Analysis of User Dynamics in P2P Live Streaming ServicesICC

[09] C.Wu+2 (2009)Diagnosing Network-wide P2P Live Streaming InefficienciesIEEE INFOCOM

[10] Z.Li+4 (2008)Towards Low-Redundancy Push-Pull P2P Live StreamingQShine

[11] C.Stais+1 (2012)Realistic Media Streaming over BitTorrentFuture Network and Mobile Summit

[12] (2012)Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual servicesITU-T Recommendation H.264

[13] R.Kusching+2 (2010)An Evaluation of TCP-based Rate-Control ... Streaming of H.264/SVCACM SIGMM MMsys)

[14] M.Fidler+3 (2007)Efficient Smoothing of Robust VBR Video Traffic ... Slice-Based...CCNC

[15] P.Seeling+2 (2004)Network Performance Evaluation with Frame Size and Quality Traces ...IEEE Comm. Surveys...

Improved Social Utility of P2P Streaming with a VBR-Based Substream Design

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