Transcript
Fig. 20-CO, pp. 402-403
Fig. 20-1a, p. 404
Fig. 20-1b, p. 404
Fig. 20-2, p. 405
Fig. 20-2, p. 405
Skull cranial bones
facial bones Pectoral Girdle clavicle (collarbone)
scapula (shoulder blade)
Rib Cage sternum (breastbone)
Upper Limb Bones humerus (upper arm bone)ribs (12 pairs)
Vertebral Column vertebrae
ulna (forearm bone)
intervertebral disk (cartilage)
radius (fore-arm bone)
Pelvic Girdle (6 fused bones)
carpals (wrist bones)
metacarpals (palm bones)
Lower Limb Bones phalanges (finger bones)
femur (thighbone)
patella (kneecap)
tibia (lower leg bone)
fibula (lower leg bone)
tarsals (ankle bones)
metatarsals (sole bones)
phalanges (toe bones)
Fig. 20-3, p. 406
Fig. 20-3a, p. 406
Fig. 20-3a, p. 406
nutrient canal
location of yellow marrow
compact bone tissue
spongy bone tissue
Fig. 20-3b, p. 406
Fig. 20-3b, p. 406
spongy bone tissue
compact bone tissue
outer layer of dense
connective tissueblood vessel
Fig. 20-3c, p. 406
Fig. 20-3c, p. 406
space occupied by living bone cell
central canal
Fig. 20-4, p. 407
Fig. 20-4, p. 407
femur
patella
cartilage
cruciate ligaments
menisci
tibia
fibula
Fig. 20-5, p. 408
Fig. 20-5, p. 408
1biceps
radius
2
triceps
Fig. 20-6, p. 409
Fig. 20-6 (left), p. 409
Fig. 20-6 (left), p. 409
biceps brachii
triceps brachii deltoid
pectoralis major
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rectus abdominis
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
quadriceps femoris
gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon
Fig. 20-6 (a-c), p. 409
Fig. 20-6a, p. 409
Fig. 20-6a, p. 409
outer sheath of one skeletal muscle
one bundle of many muscle fibers in parallel inside the sheath
Fig. 20-6b, p. 409
Fig. 20-6b, p. 409
B one myofibril, made up of sarcomeres arranged end to end
sarcomere sarcomere
Z line Z line Z line
Fig. 20-6c, p. 409
Fig. 20-6c, p. 409
Z line Z line
C one sarcomere, with parallel actin and myosin filaments
actin myosin actin
Z line Z line
Fig. 20-7, p. 410
Fig. 20-7a, p. 410
Fig. 20-7a, p. 410
actin myosin actin
Sarcomere between contractions
Fig. 20-7b, p. 410
Fig. 20-7b, p. 410
myosin head
one of many myosin-binding sites on actin
cross-bridge cross-bridge
Fig. 20-7c, p. 410
Fig. 20-7d, p. 410
Fig. 20-7d, p. 410
cross-bridge broken cross-bridge broken
Same sarcomere, contracted
Fig. 20-8a, p. 411
Fig. 20-8a, p. 411
pathway 1 dephosphorylation of creatine phosphate
ADP + Pi
creatine
pathway 2 aerobic respiration
pathway 3 lactate fermentation
glucose from bloodstream and from glycogen breakdown in cellsoxygen
Fig. 20-8a, p. 411
pathway 1 dephosphorylation of creatine phosphate
ADP + Pi
creatine
pathway 3 lactate fermentation
pathway 2 aerobic respiration
glucose from bloodstream and from glycogen breakdown in cellsoxygen
Stepped Art
Fig. 20-8b, p. 411
Fig. 20-9, p. 411
Fig. 20-9, p. 411
Fo
rce relaxation starts
stimulus
A A single, brief stimulus causes a twitch.
sustained contraction
twitch
Fo
rce
repeated stimulationTime
B Repeated stimulation results in a sustained contraction with several times the force of a twitch.
contraction
Fig. 20-10, p. 412
Fig. 20-10a, p. 412
Fig. 20-10a, p. 412
contracted muscle can shorten
Fig. 20-10b, p. 412
Fig. 20-10b, p. 412
contracted muscle cannot shorten
Fig. 20-11a, p. 412
Fig. 20-11b, p. 412
Fig. 20-12, p. 413
p. 413
p. 415
Fig. 20-13a, p. 415
Fig. 20-13b, p. 415
p. 415