I)Chemical control 6)Management c)Control. i)Chemical control Chief tool 6)Management c)Control.

i) Chemical control

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards• Evolution of resistance

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards• Evolution of resistance• Herbicide needs to be approved for target species

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards• Evolution of resistance• Herbicide needs to be approved for target species• Often expensive

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards• Evolution of resistance• Herbicide needs to be approved for target species• Often expensive• Public opposition

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but often creates other hazards• Evolution of resistance• Herbicide needs to be approved for target species• Often expensive• Public opposition• Many above compounded by need for repeated applications

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlTo spray, or not to spray?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlTo spray, or not to spray?• Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlTo spray, or not to spray?• Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?

How effective is herbicide against targets?Will herbicide affect non-targets?Will herbicide use conflict with other management goals/uses?Will there be adverse environmental impacts?Is it cost effective?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlTo spray, or not to spray?• Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?• Can the herbicide be practically and safely used?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlTo spray, or not to spray?• Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?• Can the herbicide be practically and safely used?

Have you read and understood the label?What are the safety protocols for storing, mixing, transporting,

using, disposing of herbicide?What are federal, state, & local regulations for use of herbicide?Is specific or general applicator training or permits required?Is the appropriate protective gear available and practical to use?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families

Based on chemical structure• Mode of action

Similar chemical structure usually similar modes of action, but different structure can also give similar modes of action

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action

Auxin mimics

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action

Auxin mimicsMitosis inhibitors

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action

Auxin mimicsMitosis inhibitorsPhotosynthesis inhibitors

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action

Auxin mimicsMitosis inhibitorsPhotosynthesis inhibitorsAmino acid synthesis inhibitors

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action

Auxin mimicsMitosis inhibitorsPhotosynthesis inhibitorsAmino acid synthesis inhibitorsLipid synthesis inhibitors

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation

IngredientsActive ingredientsAdjuvantsSolvents, carriers, dyes

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation

IngredientsForm

Liquid, sprayableDry granules, pellets, or dusts

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation

Movement

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation

MovementImmobilization

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation

MovementImmobilizationDegradation

PhotodegradationMicrobial degradationChemical decomposition

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation

MovementImmobilizationDegradation

PhotodegradationMicrobial degradationChemical decomposition

Volatilization

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation• Toxicity

LD50 / LC50

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation• Toxicity

LD50 / LC50Human toxicity

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlWhich herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation• Toxicity

LD50 / LC50Human toxicityAdjuvants, impurities, & degradation products

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlChief tool, but:• Evolution of resistance• Approved for target species• Expensive• Public opposition• Repeated applicationsTo spray, or not to spray• Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?• Can the herbicide be practically and safely used?Which herbicide to use?• Herbicide families• Mode of action• Pre-emergent vs post-emergent• Formulation• Dissipation• Toxicity

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar

• Spot

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar

• Spot• Wick

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar

• Spot• Wick• Boom

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark3. Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark3. Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)4. Injection

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark3. Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)4. Injection5. Cut-stump

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark3. Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)4. Injection5. Cut-stump6. Pellet

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlApplication methods:1. Foliar (spot, wick, boom)2. Basal bark3. Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)4. Injection5. Cut-stump6. Pellet7. Pre-emergent

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use6. Product name and contents

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use6. Product name and contents7. Signal word

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlSignal words for Pesticide labels:

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use6. Product name and contents7. Signal word8. First aid treatment

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use6. Product name and contents7. Signal word8. First aid treatment9. Registration information

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlPesticide labels (regulated by EPA)1. Precautionary statements2. Directions for use3. Re-entry statement4. Storage & disposal directions5. Statement of use6. Product name and contents7. Signal word8. First aid treatment9. Registration information10. Warranty

6) Managementc) Control

i) Chemical controlHandout: Summary of properties for 11 commonly used herbicides

6) Managementc) Control