I M P E R I A L I S M

I M P E R I A I M P E R I A L I S ML I S MThe United The United

States States Becomes an Becomes an

EmpireEmpireWhat is IMPERIALISM?What is IMPERIALISM?

Uncle Sam Grows Into a World Uncle Sam Grows Into a World PowerPower

I M P E R I A L I S MI M P E R I A L I S M

To Create an Empire. When stronger more To Create an Empire. When stronger more powerful nations take political, economic, powerful nations take political, economic, military and social control over weaker military and social control over weaker nations.nations.

I M P E R I A L I S M I M P E R I A L I S M • Describe the Describe the four four factors that lead to factors that lead to

the United States becoming an EMPIRE the United States becoming an EMPIRE in the late nineteenth century. in the late nineteenth century.

A M E R I C A N S P R E A D – E A G L I S MA M E R I C A N S P R E A D – E A G L I S M

I M P E R I A L I S MI M P E R I A L I S M• Factors favoring American Factors favoring American

expansion overseas.expansion overseas.– EconomicsEconomics

• To acquire To acquire resources and raw materialsresources and raw materials for American industries. for American industries.

•MarketsMarkets to sell American produced to sell American produced goodsgoods

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM• Factors favoring Factors favoring

American expansion American expansion overseas.overseas.– PoliticsPolitics

• SpreadSpread American American democracydemocracy to other to other nationsnations

• Compete with other Compete with other imperial powers imperial powers

– BritainBritain– GermanyGermany– RussiaRussia– FranceFrance– SpainSpain– JapanJapan

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM• Factors favoring American Factors favoring American

expansion overseas.expansion overseas.– MilitaryMilitary

• Overseas bases for military bases and Overseas bases for military bases and coaling stations. coaling stations.

IMPERIALISIMPERIALISMM

• Factors Factors favoring favoring American American expansion expansion overseas.overseas.– SocialSocial

• Spread Spread American American cultureculture

• Spread Spread ChristianityChristianity

S O C I A L D A R W I N I S M

Voices of ImperialismVoices of ImperialismCaptain Alfred Thayer Captain Alfred Thayer

MahanMahanThe Influence of Seapower The Influence of Seapower

on History, 1660-1783on History, 1660-17831.1. Key to becoming a dominant Key to becoming a dominant

empire was control of the seasempire was control of the seas2.2. United States needed to build up United States needed to build up

its naval its naval battleshipbattleship fleet fleet3.3. U.S. needed to have a two ocean U.S. needed to have a two ocean

naval presencenaval presence4.4. United States needed to acquire United States needed to acquire

Hawaii and other Pacific islandsHawaii and other Pacific islands5.5. United States should build a United States should build a

canal across the isthmus of canal across the isthmus of Central AmericaCentral America

Voices of ImperialismVoices of ImperialismYELLOW PRESSYELLOW PRESS- Sensationalizing - Sensationalizing the News. the News. journalism journalism that downplays legitimate that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more headlines that sell more newspapers.newspapers.

Newspaper men like Newspaper men like William Randolph William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, the Yellow Pulitzer, the Yellow Kid, used the media Kid, used the media to encourage to encourage imperialism. imperialism.

Voices of ImperialismVoices of ImperialismPolitical leaders who advocated an American Political leaders who advocated an American empire.empire.

Senator Albert Beveridge, Senator Henry Cabot Senator Albert Beveridge, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and future President Theodore Roosevelt Lodge, and future President Theodore Roosevelt used their political offices to promote used their political offices to promote imperialism. imperialism.

Uncle Sam begins looking across Uncle Sam begins looking across the oceansthe oceans

Uncle Sam Uncle Sam planting the planting the American flag on American flag on territories territories abroad….The abroad….The

““New Manifest New Manifest Destiny.”Destiny.”

The Imperialism The Imperialism “Stunt.”“Stunt.”

• Where is Uncle Sam Where is Uncle Sam looking?looking?– What were the American What were the American

interests in those places?interests in those places?

• What military force is most What military force is most numerous in the cartoon? numerous in the cartoon? – What role did it play in What role did it play in

‘The Imperialism “Stunt.”’‘The Imperialism “Stunt.”’– What is the role of the What is the role of the

soldier?soldier?

• Who is walking on a rope Who is walking on a rope over the ocean? over the ocean? – Why is she carrying a Why is she carrying a

sword?sword?

• Who are the couple on the Who are the couple on the United States coast?United States coast?– What is the significance of What is the significance of

how these two men are how these two men are depicted?depicted?

What is the message of this Thomas Nast political cartoon?What is the message of this Thomas Nast political cartoon?

AMERICA AMERICA CLAIMS AN CLAIMS AN

EMPIREEMPIREThe New ‘Manifest The New ‘Manifest

Destiny’Destiny’After the conquest and settlement of After the conquest and settlement of

the American West, Americans the American West, Americans looked toward overseas territories looked toward overseas territories for expansionfor expansion

A L A S K A A L A S K A

ALASKA – “Seward’s ALASKA – “Seward’s Folly”Folly”

• 1867, the United 1867, the United States purchases States purchases ALASKA from ALASKA from Russia.Russia.

• Secretary of State Secretary of State William Seward William Seward agrees to pay $7.2 agrees to pay $7.2 millions dollars for millions dollars for AlaskaAlaska

• Critics derided the Critics derided the purchase with purchase with numerous numerous derogatory names derogatory names such as ‘Seward’s such as ‘Seward’s Ice Box.’ Ice Box.’

Seward’s Polar Bear Seward’s Polar Bear GardenGarden

““Wal-Russia”Wal-Russia”

Klondike Gold Rush in Klondike Gold Rush in the Yukonthe Yukon

Alaska oil Alaska oil

M I D W A Y I S L A N DM I D W A Y I S L A N D

• 1867, the United 1867, the United States formally States formally took possession took possession of Midway of Midway Island. Island.

H A W A I I H A W A I I

Early American Interest Early American Interest in Hawaiiin Hawaii

• In the late In the late 1700s and 1700s and early 1800s, early 1800s, American American missionaries missionaries travel to Hawaii travel to Hawaii to convert to convert Hawaiians to Hawaiians to Christianity. Christianity.

American Interests in American Interests in HawaiiHawaii

• Sanford DoleSanford Dole and and other American other American Businessmen bought Businessmen bought land and established land and established fruit and Sugarcane fruit and Sugarcane plantations. plantations.

• American American businessmen forced businessmen forced Hawaii to grant them Hawaii to grant them the right to vote and the right to vote and soon the American soon the American business interests business interests were controlling were controlling Hawaiian politics. Hawaiian politics.

Naval base at Naval base at Pearl HarborPearl Harbor ( ( Treaty of Reciprocity 1887 Treaty of Reciprocity 1887

))

Queen LilioukalaniQueen Lilioukalani

• In 1891, In 1891, Lilioukalani Lilioukalani succeeded her brother succeeded her brother (King (King KalakauaKalakaua) as the ) as the monarch of Hawaii.monarch of Hawaii.

• She revoked the right She revoked the right to vote from American to vote from American businessmen.businessmen.– Take power away from Take power away from

non-Hawaiiansnon-Hawaiians

• ““Hawaii for Hawaii for Hawaiians!”Hawaiians!” – Hawaiian nationalismHawaiian nationalism

Revolution in Hawaii Revolution in Hawaii • American businessmen American businessmen

incited rebellion and incited rebellion and overthrew overthrew LilioukalaniLilioukalani in 1893. in 1893.

• LilioukalaniLilioukalani surrendered and was surrendered and was imprisoned in her imprisoned in her palace. palace.

• The Americans who The Americans who lead the revolution lead the revolution petitioned for petitioned for annexation by the annexation by the United States. United States.

““The Hawaiian The Hawaiian pear is now fully pear is now fully ripe and this is ripe and this is the golden hour the golden hour for the United for the United States to pluck States to pluck

it.”it.”• United States United States minister to minister to Hawaii urged the Hawaii urged the U.S. government U.S. government to annex Hawaii.to annex Hawaii.

Republic of HawaiiRepublic of Hawaii• President President Grover ClevelandGrover Cleveland

opposed annexation and opposed annexation and ordered an investigation.ordered an investigation.

• ClevelandCleveland determined that determined that the overthrow of the overthrow of Lilioukalani Lilioukalani was illegal and was illegal and refused to annex Hawaii.refused to annex Hawaii.

• Hawaiian Republic declared Hawaiian Republic declared on July 4, 1894. on July 4, 1894.

• Sanford DoleSanford Dole, the first , the first President of the President of the Republic of Republic of HawaiiHawaii. .

Hawaiian Hawaiian annexationannexation

• President President William McKinleyWilliam McKinley, a , a pro-imperialist, submitted a pro-imperialist, submitted a treaty to annex Hawaii in 1897treaty to annex Hawaii in 1897

• However, in 1898, during the However, in 1898, during the Spanish-American War the Spanish-American War the United States annexed Hawaii United States annexed Hawaii when it the value of the Pearl when it the value of the Pearl Harbor naval base became Harbor naval base became increasing evident. increasing evident.

"We need Hawaii just as much and a good deal more than we

did California. It is Manifest Destiny." William McKinley

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicySecretary of State John Hay first articulated the concept of the “Open Door” in China in a series of notes in 1899-1900. These Open Door Notes aimed to secure international agreement to the U.S. policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China, and respect for China’s administrative and territorial integrity. British and American policies toward China had long operated under similar principles, but once Hay put them into writing, the “Open Door” became the official U.S. policy towards the Far East in the first half of the 20th century.

Spanish American War, Spanish American War, 18981898

“A splendid little War” John Hay

C U B AC U B A• Tensions between the United States Tensions between the United States

and Spain arose over Cuba.and Spain arose over Cuba.• Cuban revolts against in the 1870s Cuban revolts against in the 1870s

& 1890s were source of conflict.& 1890s were source of conflict.– Cuban Insurrectos (rebels) formed Cuban Insurrectos (rebels) formed

JUNTAs.JUNTAs.– The first juntas were actually The first juntas were actually

organized in New York city.organized in New York city.• Spain intended to keep Cuba as Spain intended to keep Cuba as

part of its empire.part of its empire.– Cuba had been a part of Spain’s Cuba had been a part of Spain’s

Empire of the Americas since the Empire of the Americas since the 1490s. 1490s.

• The United States presidents called The United States presidents called for Spain to grant Cuba autonomy.for Spain to grant Cuba autonomy.

• Americans supported Cuban rebels. Americans supported Cuban rebels. • The Yellow Press inflamed public The Yellow Press inflamed public

opinion against the Spaniards.opinion against the Spaniards.

Cuban poet & revolutionary Jose Marti

Spanish General Valierno Weyler, “The Butcher Weyler.” Weyler used a RECONCENTRADO policy against the insurrectos.

President McKinley Sends the President McKinley Sends the Maine to CubaMaine to Cuba

Explosion of the U.S.S. Explosion of the U.S.S. MaineMaine

Destruction of the Maine Destruction of the Maine lead a rise of War Fever in lead a rise of War Fever in

the Countrythe Country

The YELLOW PRESS fanned

the American public’s outrage

and depicted the cause

of the explosion

was Spanish

treachery.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst, New York journalists sensationalized the news to sell news papers. The Yellow Press depicted the explosion of the Maine as an attack by Spain on the United States.

““REMEMBER THE MAINE!” REMEMBER THE MAINE!” The United States Declares War on The United States Declares War on

SpainSpain

Battle of Battle of Manila BayManila Bay

Battle for CubaBattle for Cuba

Battle of San Juan HillBattle of San Juan Hill

Buffalo Soldiers at San Buffalo Soldiers at San Juan HillJuan Hill

Battle of San Juan HillBattle of San Juan Hill

Battle of Santiago Battle of Santiago HarborHarbor

Spanish SurrenderSpanish Surrender

Treaty of Paris, 1898Treaty of Paris, 1898

The United States becomes The United States becomes an EMPIREan EMPIRE

The Difficulties of EmpireThe Difficulties of Empire