Hydrogen & Fuel Cells For a more sustainable future

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José Luís Alexandre – jla@fe.up.ptDEMEGI/INEGI - Department of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering – University of PortoSeptember- 2005

Portugal

Hydrogen & Fuel Cells

For a more sustainable future

2005 C3P AND NASA TECHNICAL WORKSHOP

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Contents

• Overview of actual oil situation in world and Portugal– Energy Resources – Environment impact

• Green Hydrogen • INEGI Work in Hydrogen and Fuel Cell domain since

2001: – Projects

• National - FCT funds• European funding SAVE • Own funding project – INEGI ( Will be a national project funding we

expect it)

• Hydrogen test facilities

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0

10

20

30

40

50• Oil Price !!!

– The World demand is Increasing - (China and India)

– Economic, social and political instability in the extraction zones (ex. Iraqi, Venezuela, Russia e Nigeria)

– The efficiency of production and exploration without any improvements in last years

Oil Price = Oil World crisis • USD

Fonte: BP review of World Energy; IMF/World Bank; Platts

)year theofday (**)(Price ePtkJanuary

December 2005 P=$100.0

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• Economy impact – Own Natural energy resources ???? – Utilization of energy with low efficiency

Increase the energy demand – Increase of the oil needs

• The economy impact in Portugal is 3x higher than the average of EC

Actual Portuguese Scenario

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• Oil /Total prime energy (%)

• Fuel Fossil Needs

.

Actual Portuguese Scenario

27,938,352,764,264,840,5

Fil.Ale.Esp.Port.Lux

57,084,080,386,285,879,3

Fil.Ale.Esp.Port.Lux

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Resources and Environment Questions

• World energy resources– Oil : 40 years– NG : 61 years– Coal : 270 years

• Environment– Global warm

• Weather world changes• (KATRINA!!)

– Acid rains – Leakages – etc

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Ton CO2 /capita

0 5 10 15 20

USA

Australia

Japan

EU

Russia

M. East

China

Latina A

Asia

Africa

World average

Greenhouse effect (CO2)

EU

24,2%

Japan

8,5%

Others

11,5%

Russia

17,4%

USA

36,1%

Others2,3%No- Kyoto

38,4%Kyoto61,6%% Global emissions

Forecast emissions for next 50 years

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• Fuel Globally Acceptable • Enough for national energy demand • Environment friendly – CLEAN

– Improve the life quality (ex. In cities - controlled emission pollution )

• Sustainable Increase of the energetic system and decrease the oil needs,

• More efficient that leads profit more the natural resources available

Alternatives ??

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GREEN H2 P

rim

e E

ner

gy

Solar

Wind

Geothermic

waves & tide

Biomass

Electric Energy

Gre

en H

2

Applications

Buildings

Industrials

Transportation

Portable equip.

elec

tro

lyse

ThermalEnergy

Chemical EnergyBio methanol

SteamReforming

Biogas

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INEGI research areas and development

• H2 production– Wind farms with H2/FC backup

• H2 storage– Chemical storage device

• H2 applications– Fuel Cell systems

• Portable PEMFC systems

• Test, standardisation and learning

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Future project – Green H2 production

Wind Energy

Electrolyser

H2 Storage

Fuel Cell

Montezinho hill Demonstration project

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0

100

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Power [kW]

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Frequency Distribution Acumulated distribution

Wind Energy & H2 Production

H2

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5Produção [Nm3]

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]

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Pro

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acu

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lad

a [

Nm

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frequências de ocorrências relativa à produção

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0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Time [h]

Hyd

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tore

d [

Nm

3]

Fuel Cell Power: 6*2,5 kW

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Balance of plant – first theoretical approach

Aerogerador

InverterAC/DC

8783 kWh/ano

87872 kWh/ano

79089 kWh/ano

Inverter DC/DC1865 kWh/ano

18806 kWh/ano

16941 kWh/ano

Electrolyser3249 kWh/ano

13692 kWh/ano(4564 Nm3 H2/ano)

Compressor

118 kWh/ano

Fuel Cell

11865 kWh/ano(3955 Nm3 H2/ano)

H2 Storage

Excess H2

1824 kWh/ano(609 Nm3 H2/ano)

Inverter DC/DC

5302 kWh/ano

657 kWh/ano

6563 kWh/ano

5906 kWh/ano

Inverter DC/AC 3046 kWh/ano

30431 kWh/ano

27385 kWh/ano

LoadComsumption

590 kWh/ano

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H2 Storage – NaBH4

• Chemical storage with Sodium Boron Hydride (NaBH4) solution

Lab facilities

NaBH4 reactor

NaBH4 + H2O -> NaBOH + H2

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H2 ApplicationsProject SIME – national funding

- Trolley- Mobile recharge FC - Radio FC power supply - Gas telemetry System device

Industrial Consortium: SRE National Lab and Research institute: INEGI & INETI

Objectives:

Development of Fuel Cells for Portable Applications

Work done so far :

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Trolley

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Mobile recharge Power unit

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Radio FC power supply unit

Metal hydride

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Gas telemetry System device

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells at Hanover Fair 2004

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Optimization of Hydrogen PEMFC

• FCT funding project already started – Optimization of PEMFC and develop test

procedures – Develop a transient 2D modeling of H2 FC

(PEM technology)– Validation of CFD codes with experimental

tests– Elaboration of test procedures for industrial

based both on FCTEstNet project and new standard international codes

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H2 Test, normalization and learning European Projects- The Fuel Cell Testing

and Standardisation NETwork - FCTESTNET

- European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform - HFP

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Objectives

Compile and harmonise testing procedures for fuel cells, stacks and systems

Initial assessment of FC systems against user requirements for stationary, portable and transport applications

FCTESTNET

Deliverables

Compilation of testing protocols & methodologies

Agreed proposals for harmonisation

IEC TC105ISO TC 197CEN/CENELEC

OTHER INT’L. ACTIVITIES

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Project Structure

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INEGI Participation

Contributing expertise from the R&D fields Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy. Knowledge of thermodynamic, chemical and mechanical engineering aspects.

Definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies

Experience in R&D of Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy, in the definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies.

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HFP – Program Structure

Applying the know-how gather in the recent EC project

As an University we have

some skills in that field that we can use

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The main goal of the H2& FC platform:

The idea is to facilitate and accelerate: The development and deployment of cost-competitive H2 & FC; Change the base Energy systems in European in toward to the hydrogen and fuel cell society; The components and systems for transport application, portable and stationary power applications

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Main Tasks of our group

Participation in meetings of the Hydrogen and FC Platform – general meetings and Initiative Group meetings.

Contribution to surveys and state-of-the-art reports on relevant subjects.

Preparation of research proposals to be submitted to the EU R&D framework programmes. (7 FP)

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INEGI Hydrogen / FC test facilities

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INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilities

Hydrogen Storage

Gas Unit control

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INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilitiesHumidification device

Electric Load Device

Data Acquisition System

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GREEN H2 Power and Fuel Cells

ENDThank you