HTML5 Canvas API
Post on 23-Feb-2016
81 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
HTML5 Canvas API
Dr. Raymond Bond
API Definition:
“a bitmapped area of the screen that can be manipulated with JavaScript” Oreilly, HTML5 Canvas
Element Definition:
“The HTML5 <canvas> element is used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript).”
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_canvas.asp
“HTML5 Canvas is the technology that has the best capability of replacing Flash functionalityon the web and mobile web.”
Oreilly, HTML5 Canvas
Support
Canvas Applications
• http://atari.com/arcade#!/arcade/atari-promo• http://www.createjs.com/#!/EaselJS/demos• http://mudcu.be/sketchpad/• http://raphaeljs.com/• http://alteredqualia.com/canvasmol/• http://thewildernessdowntown.com/
Testing for Support
<script src="http://modernizr.com/downloads/modernizr-latest.js"></script>
if(Modernizr.canvas == true){startCanvasApp();}else{
//browser does not support canvas}
Canvas Element
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100">
</canvas>
NOTE: Need id for script access.
• The <canvas> element is only a container for the graphics.
• A canvas can only be rectangular• You can have multiple <canvas> elements on
one HTML page• By default, the <canvas> element has no
border and no content.
Canvas Element
Adding a Border
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #000000;">
</canvas>
Inline Canvas Scripting<body><canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100” > Your browser does not support the HTML5 canvas tag.</canvas>
<script>var c = document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx = c.getContext("2d");ctx.fillStyle = "#FF0000";ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75);</script></body>
Returns the CanvasRenderingContext2D object
Or use the onload event<head> <script>function onload(){
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");ctx.fillStyle="#FF0000";ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75);
}</script></head><body onLoad="onload()"><canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #c3c3c3;">Your browser does not support the HTML5 canvas tag.</canvas></body>
Or link to external JS file<head> <script type="text/javascript" src="canvasapp.js"></script></head>
<body onLoad="onload()">
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #c3c3c3;">Your browser does not support the HTML5 canvas tag.</canvas>
</body>
NOTE: In HTML5, you no longer have to specify the script type attribute.
Do we need this?
No!!
window.onload = function(){canvasApp();
}
function canvasApp(){var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");ctx.fillStyle="#FF0000";ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75);
}
AddEventListener
window.addEventListener("load", canvasApp, false);
function canvasApp(){var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");ctx.fillStyle="#FF0000";ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,75);
}
Jquery onload event
$(function() {
// insert code
});
Canvas Coordinate system
What makes canvas different from other graphics technologies such as Adobe Flash?
Immediate mode
“Canvas is an immediate mode bitmapped area of the screen... Immediate mode refers to the way the canvas renders pixels… Canvas completely redraws the bitmapped screen on every frame...”
“which means everything needs to be redrawn every time something changes.”
Retained mode
“This makes Canvas very different from Flash, Silverlight, or SVG, which operatein retained mode. In this mode, a display list of objects is kept by the graphics renderer…”
Oreilly, HTML5 Canvas
Immediate mode:low level operationsmore control
Responsive mode:high level operationsless control
Pros and cons
- W3C Schools
Text on the Canvasvar c = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
ctx.font = "30px Arial";
ctx.fillText("Hello World", 10, 50);
Text on the Canvas
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
ctx.font="30px Arial";
ctx.strokeText("Hello World",10,50);
Drawing functionsvar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(20,20); ctx.lineTo(20,100); ctx.lineTo(70,100); ctx.closePath(); ctx.stroke();
Note: no primitives other than fillRect()
Drawing a circlevar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(95, 50, 40, 0, 2*Math.PI); ctx.stroke();
Why 2*PI?
The arc function
arc(x, y, r, start, stop, antic);
Combination
ctx.moveTo(0,0);ctx.lineTo(100, 200);ctx.arcTo(350,350,100,100,20);
Bezier Curves
ctx.moveTo(0,0);ctx.quadraticCurveTo(100, 25, 0, 50);
// context.quadraticCurveTo(cpx, cpy, x, y)
clearRect command
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");ctx.fillStyle="red";ctx.fillRect(0,0,300,150);ctx.clearRect(20, 20, 100, 50);
Dynamically load imagesvar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var helloWorldImage = new Image();helloWorldImage.src = "helloworld.gif”;
helloWorldImage.onload = function () {
ctx.drawImage(helloWorldImage, 160, 130);}
What is this?
Dynamically load images
1. ctx.drawImage(img, dx, dy);
2. ctx.drawImage(img, dx, dy, dw, dh);
3. ctx.drawImage(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh);
What is this?
Using HTML img tags
…
<img id="scream" src=”my_scream_image.jpg” />
<canvas> </canvas>
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var img=document.getElementById("scream");ctx.drawImage(img,10,10);
Capturing pixel datavar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var formElement = document.getElementById("createImageData");formElement.addEventListener('click', createImageDataPressed, false);
function createImageDataPressed(e) {window.open( c.toDataURL() );
}
<input type="button" id="createImageData" value="Export Image" />
Window parameters
function createImageDataPressed(e) {
window.open(c.toDataURL(),"canvasImage","left=0,top=0,width=" + c.width + ",height=" + c.height +",toolbar=0,resizable=0");
}
The Canvas State
• Each canvas context can save and restore multiple states• A state can be pushed onto a stack using the save() command• A state can be restored using the restore() command• A state has several properties:– Values of lineWIdth, fillStyle, strokeStyle… etc– The transformation matrix– Current clipping region
The Canvas State…ctx.strokeStyle = "red";ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";ctx.lineWidth = 10;ctx.fillRect(25,25,100,125);ctx.strokeRect(25,25,100,125);ctx.save();
ctx.strokeStyle = "green";ctx.fillStyle = "blue";ctx.lineWidth = 5;ctx.fillRect(175, 25, 100, 125);ctx.strokeRect(175, 25, 100, 125);
ctx.restore(); ctx.fillRect(325, 25, 100, 125);ctx.strokeRect(325,25,100,125);
1. How many rectangles will there be?
2. What fill colour will the third rectangles have?
• Why is a stack of states useful?
Shadows
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); ctx.shadowBlur=10; ctx.shadowOffsetX=20; ctx.shadowColor="black"; ctx.fillStyle="red"; ctx.fillRect(20,20,100,80);
Patterns
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d"); var img=document.getElementById("lamp"); var pat=ctx.createPattern(img,"repeat"); ctx.rect(0,0,150,100); ctx.fillStyle=pat; ctx.fill();
Patterns
var pat = ctx.createPattern(img,"repeat");
Gradientsvar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var grd = ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,170,0); grd.addColorStop(0,"black"); grd.addColorStop(1,"white");
ctx.fillStyle = grd; ctx.fillRect(20,20,150,100);
Clipping paths
ctx.rect(0, 0, 50, 50);ctx.clip();
// What happens here?
// only pixel data will be rendered within the area set by the rect function
Canvas Transformations
• Three basic transformation features– Translate– Scale– Rotate
– NOTE WORTHY: • Transforms affect any subsequent drawing commands.• Transforms are additive (What does this mean?)
Translate
translate(x, y);
This function moves the 0,0 origin of the canvas.
Translate
ctx.fillStyle = "blue"; ctx.fillRect(0,0,100,50);
// translate origin to center of the canvasctx.translate(ctx.canvas.width/2, ctx.canvas.height/2);
ctx.fillRect(0,0,100,50);
Translate
Scale
scale(x, y);
Scale subsequent drawing commands by factors of x and y.
Scale
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 50);
ctx.scale(1.5, 2);
ctx.fillRect(125, 50, 100, 50);
// What will the height of the 2nd rectangle actually be?
Scale
Scalectx.fillStyle = "blue"; ctx.fillRect(0,0,100,50); ctx.save(); ctx.scale(1.5,2); ctx.fillRect(125,50,100,50); ctx.restore(); ctx.scale(0.5,0.5); ctx.fillRect(525,50,100,50);
Rotate
rotate(angle)
This command causes subsequent operations to be rotated by a given angle (in radians).
NOTE:Rotation occurs around the current origin so a specific object will not automatically rotate using its center as the pivot/origin. To do this simply use the translate to move the origin to an objects center.
Radians
• Circle = 2π radians• That’s roughly 6 radians• 1 radian = approx. 57º
Rotate
ctx.translate(ctx.canvas.width/2, ctx.canvas.height/2);
var radian= 20 * (Math.PI / 180);
ctx.rotate(radian); ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(-100,0); ctx.lineTo(100,0); ctx.stroke();
Custom transforms
• Custom transforms allow the programmer to set transforms not available through built in commands such as scale, translate …
Custom transforms
2x3 matrix transform
2m x 3n
ctx.setTransform(a, b, c, d, e, f);
ctx.setTransform(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)
• Read more? (Optional)
http://www.senocular.com/flash/tutorials/transformmatrix/
1 0 tx 0 1 ty
var tx = ctx.canvas.width / 2; var ty = ctx.canvas.height / 2;
ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, tx, ty);
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 50);
Custom transforms
Translate through transform
1 sx 0 sy 1 0
var sx = 0; var sy = 0.3;
ctx.setTransform(1, sy, sx, 1, 0, 0);
ctx.fillRect(250, 20, 100, 50);
Custom transforms
Skew
Global alpha
• Sets transparency of all canvas elements, hence the global
• ctx.globalAlpha can be given a value between 0 and 1
• Default value is 1
Global alphavar c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var helloWorldImage = new Image();helloWorldImage.src = "helloworld.gif";
helloWorldImage.onload = function () {ctx.drawImage(helloWorldImage, 160, 130);
}
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.1;
Global Compositing
• Defines how new drawing operations should interact with existing drawings/pixels…
Global Compositingctx.globalCompositeOperation = “source over”;
POSSIBLE VALUES"source-over”"source-in”"source-out”"source-atop”"lighter”"xor”"destination-over”"destination-in”"destination-out”"destination-atop” "darker”"copy"
Global Compositing
Manipulating Raw Pixels
• Canvas provides access to pixels through individual bytes
• Pixels can then be processed/manipulated and drawn back onto the canvas
• Canvas facilitates image processing in the browser
Manipulating Raw Pixels
//returns an objectvar imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
//array of bytes var pixels = imgData.data;
Manipulating Raw Pixels
[byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4, byte5…]
Matrix of pixels to a 1*n (or 1 dimensional) array
Pixel 1
Red, Green, Blue, Alpha, Red …
Manipulating Raw Pixelsvar imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height); var pixels = imgData.data;
while (curRow < maxRow) {
var thisRowBytes = curRow * ctx.canvas.width * 4;for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j]; // red pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1]; // greenpixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2]; // blue }
curRow++; } ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0);
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixelsvar imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height); var pixels = imgData.data;
while (curRow < maxRow) {
var thisRowBytes = curRow * ctx.canvas.width * 4;for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j]; // red pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1]; // greenpixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = 255 - pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2]; // blue }
curRow++; } ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0, 50, 50, 500, 200);
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixels
for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j] - 50; // red pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = pixels[thisRowBytes +
j + 1] - 50; // green pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] - 50; // blue
}
// What will happen here?
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixels
for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j] + 50; // red pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = pixels[thisRowBytes +
j + 1] + 50; // green pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] + 50; // blue
}
// What will happen here?
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixels
for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j] / 3; // red pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = pixels[thisRowBytes +
j + 1] / 3; // green pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] * 3; // blue }
// What will happen here?
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixels
for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) {
pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 3] = 255 * 0.5;
}
// What will happen here?
Manipulating Raw Pixels
Manipulating Raw Pixels
for (var j = 0; j < ctx.canvas.width * 4; j += 4) { var aColour = pixels[thisRowBytes + j];
pixels[thisRowBytes + j] = aColour; pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 1] = aColour; pixels[thisRowBytes + j + 2] = aColour; }
// What happens here?
Manipulating Raw Pixels
• Video Canvas Code Demo in Chrome.
ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0);
So, when using canvas, should we load in PNGs or JPEGs?
Articles to read
• http://beej.us/blog/data/html5s-canvas-2-pixel/
• http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/javascript-ajax/canvas-from-scratch-pixel-manipulation/
• https://developer.apple.com/safaridemos/CanvasPixelManipulation/
HTML5 Canvas and Accessibility
<canvas id="canvasOne" width="500" height="300">
<div>A yellow background with an image and text on top:<ol><li>The text says "Hello World"</li><li>The image is of the planet earth.</li></ol></div>
</canvas>
Debugging with Canvas
• Using Console.log();
Console.log(“Hello World”);
Some browsers throw errors when using
console.log();
var Debugger = function () { };Debugger.log = function (message) {
try {console.log(message);
} catch (exception) {return;
}}
Debugger.log("Drawing Canvas");
Resources
• http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_canvas.asp
What could canvas be used for?
Canvas APIs
• Canvas Query (helpful for games dev)
http://canvasquery.com/#canvas-query
• CreateJShttp://www.createjs.com/
Example Files
Deconstruct Source code• http://www.apress.com/9781430232919• http://examples.oreilly.com/0636920013327/
html5canvas.zip• http://corehtml5canvas.com/code-live/
Particle examples
• http://timothypoon.com/blog/demos/canvas-particle-parallax/
Assignment ideas• Canvas based game• Children's drawing book• An online graphing tool • Photo effects app… instagram• Custom Design applications– T-Shirt design application– Badge designs– E-card designer…
Announcements
• Next weeks lecture will be a video on Blackboard– Canvas and HTML5 animation
• Very important for the class test in week 6
top related