HOW TO GIVE GOOD PRESENTATIONS

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HO

W T

O G

IVE

GO

OD

PR

ESEN

TATI

ON

S

Don

’t us

e th

is as

a m

odel

: avo

id b

ulle

ted

lists,

use

g

raphi

cs, a

void

Mic

roso

ft tem

pla

tes

AN

N M

ARI

EC

ARL

TON

DA

NIE

L JA

CO

B(A

UTH

OR

OF

YOU

R TE

XTB

OO

K)

WH

Y D

O W

E G

IVE

(OR

LIST

EN T

O) TA

LKS?

�To

com

mun

icate

unp

ublis

hed r

esea

rch.

Thi

s is im

por

tant

for

the

sp

eake

r (p

ublic

izin

g n

ew w

ork,

get

ting f

eedback

) and

for

the

a

udie

nce

(get

ting

acc

ess

to the

late

st).

Exce

pt

in r

are

circu

mst

anc

es,

talk

s sh

ould

em

pha

size

unp

ublis

hed m

ate

rial

�Ex

pos

ure

outs

ide

of o

ur s

pec

ializ

ed a

rea(s

) –

ben

efits

bot

h th

e sp

eake

r (b

roader

impact

) and

the

aud

ienc

e (c

ontin

uing

educ

atio

n)

�To

get

to

know

oth

er s

cien

tists

, to

get

not

iced

–fo

r m

ost se

nior

sc

ient

ists

, pre

sent

atio

ns a

re the

main

sou

rce

of in

form

atio

n.

�To

com

mun

e as

scie

ntists

–th

e w

eekl

y se

min

ar,

ann

ual c

onfe

renc

e are

ritu

als.

�Kno

w y

our

goa

ls!

Wha

t is b

est pos

sible

out

com

e fo

r yo

u w

hen/

aft

er

you

giv

e th

is t

alk

?

Com

mun

icate

Wha

t Yo

u W

ant

the

A

udie

nce

to K

now

!

1.

Tell

them

wha

t yo

u a

re g

oing

to

tell

them

2.

Tell

them

3.

Tell

them

wha

t yo

u to

ld the

m

*thi

nk a

bou

t ho

w m

uch

you

can

legiti

mate

ly take

aw

ay

from

a

talk

, eve

n w

hen

you

are

rea

lly, r

eally

inte

rest

ed.

*you

may

thin

k yo

u a

re r

epea

ting y

ours

elf

too

muc

h, b

ut

pro

bab

ly n

ot!

Talk

Str

uctu

re

�Ba

ckg

roun

d (ne

eded

to

vary

ing

deg

rees

)–

info

rmat

ion

that

put

s “w

hat y

ou

are

goin

g to

tell

them

” in

con

text

�M

otiv

atio

n–

why

“w

hat a

re y

ou a

re te

lling

them

” is

criti

cal a

nd im

port

ant

�Re

sea

rch

slid

es –

“wha

t you

are

telli

ng th

em”

sho

uld

be u

nder

stan

dabl

e an

d en

gagi

ng fo

r all

audi

ence

mem

bers

who

’ve

follo

wed

you

r ba

ckgr

ound

sl

ides

. Foc

us o

n th

e im

por

tant

, bro

ad

-int

eres

t res

ults

–m

ore

arc

ane

res

ults

ca

n b

e m

entio

ned

in p

ass

ing

and

with

out sl

ides

(aud

ienc

e d

oes

not ex

pec

t to

und

erst

and

ever

ythi

ng y

ou S

AY, b

ut is

dist

ress

ed if

it d

oesn

’t un

ders

tand

ev

eryt

hing

it S

EES)

.

�H

ow m

any

slid

es?

~1

min

/slid

e +

tim

e fo

r q

uest

ions

. Nev

er g

o ov

er y

our

allo

tted

time

and

neve

r ru

sh th

roug

h yo

ur fi

nal s

lides

bec

ause

you

’re

runn

ing

out

of

time

–th

row

aw

ay

ma

teri

al o

n th

e fl

y in

stea

d. K

now

in

ad

vanc

e w

hat m

ate

ria

l ca

n b

e je

ttis

oned

. Pe

ople

are

nev

er m

ad

if y

ou

end

ea

rly!

�C

oncl

usio

n–

“wha

t you

told

them

Back

gro

und

slid

es

�Ba

ckg

roun

d s

lides

are

the

mos

t im

por

tant

pa

rt o

f yo

ur ta

lk (ex

cep

t A

GU

) -

they

mot

iva

te y

our

rese

arc

h a

nd p

lace

it in

con

text

. D

ani

el J

aco

b typ

ica

lly

spen

ds

~8

0%

of

talk

pre

pa

ratio

n on

back

gro

und

slid

es.

�Ba

ckg

roun

d s

lides

mus

t b

e ta

ilor-

mad

e fo

r a

udie

nce

�M

uch

of the

aud

ienc

e is

the

re p

rim

ari

ly b

eca

use

they

wa

nt to

be

educ

ate

d in

you

r fi

eld

and

get

the

thr

ill o

f re

sea

rch

–b

ack

gro

und

m

ate

ria

l sho

uld

be

ped

ag

ogic

al b

ut r

esea

rch-

orie

nted

-ex

pos

e th

e m

ajo

r ga

ps

that m

otiv

ate

you

r re

sea

rch.

You

set

the

sta

ge

for

YOU

R re

sea

rch.

�Sl

ides

sho

uld

be

attra

ctiv

e a

nd in

form

ativ

e –

a f

ract

ion

of the

aud

ienc

e w

ill b

e lo

st a

fter

you

r b

ack

gro

und

, but

you

wa

nt the

m to

have

lea

rned

so

met

hing

Rese

arc

h Sl

ides

�Th

ink

of the

ta

ke-h

ome

mes

sages

you

wa

nt f

or y

our

aud

ienc

e on

ea

ch s

lide

–m

ake

sur

e th

ey g

et the

m (so

me

rep

etiti

on O

K).

�Yo

ur r

esea

rch

slid

es s

houl

d b

e a

cces

sib

le to

the

low

est co

mm

on d

enom

ina

tor

of

your

a

udie

nce,

if the

y su

rviv

ed thr

oug

h yo

ur b

ack

gro

und

slid

es. T

he s

lide

title

(a

nd s

ubtit

le if

ap

pro

pri

ate

) sh

ould

say

wha

t th

e sl

ide

is a

bou

t in

a w

ay

that

talk

s to

the

gen

era

l aud

ienc

e. T

he s

lide

shou

ld h

ave

the

pun

chlin

e(ta

ke-h

ome

mes

sage)

wri

tten

on

it.

�D

on’t

show

all

the

gory

det

ails

of y

our

wor

k –

if y

ou h

ave

pos

tage-

stam

p p

lots

in

you

r p

aper

, jus

t sh

ow a

few

pa

nels. M

ake

sur

e a

xes

and

cur

ves

are

pro

per

ly

lab

eled

, in

larg

e fo

nts, a

nd tha

t va

ria

ble

s a

re d

efin

ed. A

plo

t in

a p

ap

er o

ften

ha

s to

be

clea

ned

up

for

pre

sent

atio

n.

�If

one

of

your

col

lea

gue

s is

kin

d e

noug

h to

sha

re a

slid

e, f

igur

e, e

tc. w

ith

you…

.don

’t “t

hrow

them

und

er th

e bu

s” b

y co

mpl

aini

ng a

bout

it.

Ow

n yo

ur

slide

s! If

you

don

’t lik

e th

e fig

ure

mak

e it

bette

r! D

on’t

be a

bab

y.

Wha

t is

the

audi

ence

’s ex

pec

tion?

Shor

t in

form

al p

rese

ntatio

n (5

min

): de

scrib

e w

hat y

ou’re

doi

ng a

nd g

ive

ON

E re

sult

Know

leve

l and

inte

rest

of

your

aud

ienc

e. D

on’t

cram

in to

o m

uch.

AG

U/E

GU

talk

(15 m

in):

des

crib

e a

jour

nal p

ap

er s

ubm

itted

or

in p

rep

ara

tion.

Wa

lk thr

oug

h th

e p

ap

er. P

ublis

hed

wor

k is

ta

boo

. Vie

w a

udie

nce

as

rea

der

ship

of

your

pa

per

; a

ssum

e fa

mili

ari

ty

with

top

ic, k

eep

ba

ckg

roun

d to

min

imum

Talk

at

scie

ntific

mee

ting (15

-30 m

in):

pre

sent

unp

ublis

hed

res

earc

h to

wid

er a

udie

nce

Focu

s on

unp

ublis

hed

res

earc

h, b

ut in

clud

e m

ore

ba

ckg

roun

d m

ate

ria

l to

acc

omm

oda

te d

iver

sity

of

aud

ienc

e

Wor

ksho

p p

rese

ntatio

n: d

irec

ted

to a

sp

ecif

ic, c

olle

ctiv

e ta

sk

Targ

et o

bje

ctiv

es o

f yo

ur s

essi

on. U

se r

esul

ts o

ld a

nd n

ew, y

ours

and

oth

ers’,

as

appr

opria

te. H

amm

er o

n yo

ur

take

-hom

e p

oint

s -

ma

ke a

con

trib

utio

n to

the

wor

ksho

p. S

till t

ake

the

op

por

tuni

ty to

ad

vert

ise

your

wor

k!

Rese

arc

h se

min

ar

(~1 h

): b

roa

d a

udie

nce

look

s fo

r ed

uca

tion

spic

ed u

p b

y la

test

res

earc

h.

Pitc

h yo

ur ta

lk a

t lo

wes

t co

mm

on d

enom

ina

tor

(uni

vers

ity s

emin

ar:

1st

yea

r g

rad

stu

den

t in

ano

ther

fie

ld o

f th

e de

part

men

t). M

ake

them

app

reci

ate

the

impo

rtan

ce o

f w

hat y

ou’re

doi

ng to

the

poin

t whe

re th

ey c

an

und

erst

and

you

r re

sea

rch.

Ass

ume

tha

t yo

ur lo

wes

t co

mm

on d

enom

ina

tor

is v

ery

sma

rt s

o th

at yo

u ca

n m

ove

qui

ckly

thr

oug

h th

e b

ack

gro

und

, a

nd k

eep

the

ba

ckg

roun

d f

ocus

ed a

s le

ad

-in

to y

our

rese

arc

h.

Cel

ebra

tion

talk

: rec

ogni

ze im

por

tanc

e of

ritu

al

Targ

et th

e oc

casi

on o

f th

e ce

leb

ratio

n; k

eep

pre

sent

atio

n b

roa

d a

nd li

ght

.

Kno

w Y

our

Aud

ienc

e (a

s in

div

idua

ls t

oo)!

1.S

uper

Ner

ds

2.T

he L

ost

3.T

emp

ora

rySl

ack

ers*

*Tem

pora

ry s

lack

ers

are

supe

r ne

rds

who

wer

en’t

payi

ng a

ttent

ion

to y

our

last

slid

e, b

ut f

eel

a s

tron

g n

eed to

under

stand

and

reo

rien

t qui

ckly

.

Rea

ch o

ut f

or y

our

who

le a

udie

nce

1.

Idea

lly, y

our

slid

es w

ill r

each

all

thre

e a

udie

nce

typ

es.

Kee

p in

min

d:

1.

Wha

t d

o th

ey k

now

?

2.

Wha

t don

’t th

ey k

now

?3

.W

hat d

o th

ey w

ant

?

DN

A s

ynth

esis tec

hnol

ogy

is im

pro

ving

ex

pon

etia

lly

Ca

rlso

n, P

ace

& P

rolif

era

tion

of B

iolo

gic

al T

echn

olog

ies,

Bios

ec. &

Bio

terr

or. 1

(3):1

(2

00

3)

Sup

er n

erd

s w

ill g

et it

Abili

ty to

bui

ld D

NA

fro

m s

cratc

him

pro

ving

exp

onen

tially

Ca

rlso

n, P

ace

& P

rolif

era

tion

of B

iolo

gic

al T

echn

olog

ies,

Bios

ec. &

Bio

terr

or. 1

(3):1

(2

00

3)

Abili

ty to

bui

ld D

NA

fro

m s

cratc

him

pro

ving

fa

ster

tha

n co

mp

uter

s

Ca

rlso

n, P

ace

& P

rolif

era

tion

of B

iolo

gic

al T

echn

olog

ies,

Bios

ec. &

Bio

terr

or. 1

(3):1

(2

00

3)

Slid

e C

osm

etic

s

�In

clud

e g

rap

hics

! And

not

the

che

ap

Mic

roso

ft g

rap

hics

–sp

end

som

e tim

e lo

okin

g f

or g

ood

one

s. Y

our

colle

ague

s’ g

rea

t sl

ides

, Goo

gle

Imag

es…

�M

ake

the

text

as b

ig a

s po

ssib

le so

that

it f

its b

ut lo

oks r

idic

ulou

s may

be…

then

ba

ck o

ff a

bit.

18

pt o

r gr

eate

r. Ti

mes

Rom

an fo

nt d

oesn

’t lo

ok g

ood

on s

lides

.�

All

fig

ures

sho

uld

ha

ve a

xes

lab

eled

, lin

es id

entif

ied

, va

ria

ble

s d

efin

ed, s

ourc

e a

ckno

wle

dged

. If

show

ing

com

pari

son

of m

odel

res

ults

to

rese

arc

h ob

serv

atio

ns, m

ake

sur

e to

men

tion

who

too

k th

e m

easu

rem

ents

-esp

ecia

lly if

th

ey a

re in

the

aud

ienc

e (d

uh!).

�U

se a

pla

in b

ack

gro

und

to

avo

id d

istr

act

ing

the

aud

ienc

e a

nd a

llow

mor

e ro

om

for

cont

ent.

Avo

id c

hees

y te

mp

late

s.

�A

nim

atio

n sc

hem

es, s

ucce

ssiv

e un

cove

ring

of te

xt m

ay b

e ef

fect

ive

but d

on’t

over

do

it –

aud

ienc

e m

ay

rese

nt the

ga

me

of c

at a

nd m

ouse

, and

it m

ake

s yo

ur

slid

es le

ss h

and

y fo

r ot

hers

to

use.

Avo

id d

istr

act

ing

you

r a

udie

nce

with

ne

edle

ss a

nim

atio

n sc

hem

es.

�C

onsi

der

sho

win

g a

sho

rt m

ovie

if y

our

top

ic w

arr

ant

s it

–ev

eryo

ne li

kes

mov

ies. A

bit

of b

lack

boa

rd w

ork

in the

mid

dle

ca

n a

lso

be

an

effe

ctiv

e b

rea

k –

but m

ake

sure

you

kno

w w

hat y

ou’re

doi

ng.

AV

OID

YEL

LOW

TEX

T

Unr

ead

ab

le tin

y te

xt is

not

wor

th p

rese

ntin

g

KN

OW

YO

UR

TOPI

C!

�U

nder

stand

EV

ERYTH

ING

you

pre

sent

–Sc

ient

ists

can

see

right

th

roug

h yo

u w

hen

you

don’

t.�

Ag

oniz

e ov

er y

our

slid

es a

nd a

rgum

ents

as

you

pre

pa

re f

or y

our

talk

–th

ink

of w

hat que

stio

ns y

ou c

ould

be

get

ting. O

ften

tha

t w

ill

make

you

und

erst

and

som

ethi

ng n

ew a

nd im

por

tant

abou

t yo

ur

wor

k.�

Be d

eep in

you

r kn

owle

dge–

giv

e th

e aud

ienc

e th

e fe

elin

g tha

t “t

his

is on

ly th

e tip

of

wha

t I k

now

”. S

how

sch

olar

ship

.�

Ach

ieve

dep

th t

hrou

gh

hard

wor

k (a

ha! –

that

’s ho

w it

’s do

ne!).

For

gra

d s

tuden

ts, d

epth

is m

ore

impor

tant

tha

n bre

adth

(a P

h.D

. is

abou

t dep

th).

Cor

don

off

a to

pic

that

’s yo

ur o

wn

and

be

unco

mpro

misin

g in

kno

win

g a

bso

lute

ly a

ll th

ere

is t

o kn

ow a

bou

t it

alo

ng w

ith the

und

erly

ing f

undam

enta

ls.

Rely

on

cour

ses

and

se

min

ars

to

bui

ld s

ome

bre

adth

. Bre

adth

will

be

impor

tant

late

r in

yo

ur c

are

er.

ATT

ITU

DE

AN

D B

OD

Y L

AN

GU

AG

E

�Lo

ok y

our

aud

ienc

e in

the

eye

s –

don’

t loo

k at

you

r slid

es (y

ou s

houl

dn’t

need

to).

And

don

’t ju

st lo

ok a

t the

big

shot

s –

sca

n th

e ro

om.

�Sm

ile –

it re

laxe

s th

e a

udie

nce.

A b

it of

hum

or is

alw

ays

ap

pre

cia

ted

.

�D

on’t

be a

sta

tue.

But

don

’t fla

il yo

ur a

rms

aim

less

ly e

ither

. Don

’t m

ake

the

lase

r p

oint

er d

anc

e on

the

scr

een.

�So

me

peop

le li

ke to

ask

que

stio

ns d

urin

g th

e ta

lk, a

nd s

omet

imes

that

’s ex

pec

ted

–bu

t mak

e su

re th

ese

ques

tions

don

’t co

mpr

omise

you

r ab

ility

to

fini

sh y

our

talk

in d

ue tim

e. If

the

y d

o, b

e p

olite

but

fir

m a

bou

t m

ovin

g o

n.

�Ta

ke s

ome

time

bef

ore

the

talk

to

set up

, tes

t yo

ur s

lides

. Sta

y co

ol if

eq

uip

men

t m

alf

unct

ions

–it’

s no

t you

r fau

lt. If

it h

appe

ns, p

olite

ly a

sk th

e ch

air

or

your

hos

t to

dea

l with

it –

no o

ne e

xpec

ts y

ou to

fix

a b

ulb,

or

a

mik

e, o

r a

lig

ht, e

tc. A

nd the

n g

o on

any

way

if y

ou p

ossi

bly

ca

n –

your

a

udie

nce

will

sym

pa

thiz

e a

nd a

dm

ire

you

for

doi

ng the

bes

t p

ossi

ble

und

er

lous

y ci

rcum

sta

nces

.

Que

stio

ns

�Q

uest

ions

are

an

impor

tant

part

of

the

talk

. Th

ey c

an

pro

vide

you

valu

able

fee

dback

–so

leave

tim

e!

�Be

ing a

ble

to

pro

per

ly d

eal w

ith q

uest

ions

is o

f co

urse

a g

ood

reas

on to

kno

w y

our

topi

c co

ld. I

t’s d

iffic

ult t

o de

al w

ith a

n un

expec

ted q

uest

ion

whi

le o

n yo

ur f

eet

–th

at’s

why

you

sho

uld

try

to a

ntic

ipate

pos

sible

que

stio

ns d

urin

g y

our

pre

para

tion.

�D

on’t

deliv

er a

hes

itant

res

pons

e to

an

unex

pect

ed q

uest

ion

–bet

ter

to s

ay c

heer

fully

that

this

is a

very

inte

rest

ing

poin

t tha

t you

’ll n

eed

to in

vest

igate

, or

that

this is

out

side

of y

our

are

a

�Yo

ur r

espon

se s

houl

d n

ot b

e to

the

que

stio

ner

but

to

the

aud

ienc

e. If

yo

u th

ink

the

audi

ence

did

n’t u

nder

stan

d th

e qu

estio

n, r

epea

t it o

r cl

ari

fy.

�Kee

p a

nsw

ers

to q

uest

ions

brief

-allo

ws

time

for

mor

e que

stio

ns

�Th

ank

the

que

stio

ners

–“t

his

is a

real

ly g

ood

ques

tion”

–“t

hank

s fo

r ask

ing tha

t que

stio

n –

how

muc

h am

I pa

ying

you

?”

STA

GE

FRIG

HT

�K

now

at le

ast

the

fir

st f

ew m

inut

es o

f yo

ur ta

lk b

y he

art

to

get

ove

r th

e b

utte

rflie

s a

nd s

et the

rig

ht ton

e.

�K

now

you

r a

udie

nce

–in

trod

uce

your

self

to p

eop

le b

efor

e ta

lk, s

hake

som

e ha

nds, A

fa

mili

ar

aud

ienc

e is

less

sca

ry tha

n a

n a

nony

mou

s on

e.

�G

et it

in y

our

hea

d b

efor

e yo

u st

and

up

to

spea

k th

at w

hat yo

u ha

ve to

say

is o

f co

nsid

era

ble

va

lue

to y

our

aud

ienc

e. C

once

ntra

te.

�Be

gin

by

thank

ing

you

r ho

sts

or y

our

cha

ir. S

ay

hello

to

the

aud

ienc

e, tha

nk

them

for

bei

ng h

ere,

exp

ress

you

r p

lea

sure

at th

is o

pp

ortu

nity

. Sho

w a

p

ositi

ve a

ttitu

de.

Ove

r th

e co

urse

of

your

ta

lk, m

ake

a n

ote

to a

ckno

wle

dge

spec

ific

peo

ple

in the

aud

ienc

e fo

r th

eir

cont

rib

utio

ns to

the

sub

ject

at

hand

–th

ey w

ill a

ppre

cia

te it

and

be

on y

our

sid

e.

�D

ani

el J

aco

b: “

It is

impo

ssib

le to

exa

gger

ate

in th

e fla

ttery

of

one’s

pe

ers”

�Fl

ow o

f a

dre

nalin

e is

a p

ositi

ve f

orce

–if

you

have

NO

sta

ge fr

ight

that

’s a

pro

ble

m! B

efor

e yo

ur ta

lk, b

lank

out

oth

er tho

ught

s a

nd tel

l you

rsel

f th

at

your

talk

car

ries a

ver

y im

port

ant m

essa

ge a

nd y

ou c

an’t

affo

rd to

flu

b it.

Th

at sh

ould

get

you

r he

art

pum

pin

g.

AN

D F

INA

LLY…

HO

W T

O B

E A

N

EFFE

CTI

VE

AU

DIE

NC

E

�A

suc

cess

ful t

alk

is d

yna

mic

bet

wee

n th

e sp

eake

r a

nd the

aud

ienc

e; a

lous

y a

udie

nce

is ju

st a

s b

ad

as

a lo

usy

spea

ker

�Be

eng

aged

in th

e ta

lk. Y

ou’re

not

wat

chin

g TV

; you

’re a

t wor

k. S

it up

fro

nt.

Con

cent

rate

. Don

’t tu

ne o

ut.

�Th

ink

of h

ow the

ma

teri

al p

rese

nted

cha

lleng

es w

hat yo

u kn

ow. T

ry to

men

tally

pok

e ho

les i

nto

wha

t’s b

eing

pre

sent

ed. T

hat k

eeps

you

on

your

to

es, i

s g

ood

for

cri

tica

l thi

nkin

g, a

nd w

ill g

ener

ate

que

stio

ns f

or the

sp

eake

r.

�A

SK Q

UES

TIO

NS!

Que

stio

ns a

re p

art o

f th

e rit

ual.

Don

’t be

a w

all f

low

er.

Hav

e a

ques

tion

read

y fo

r the

end

of

the

talk

. If

you

don’

t get

to a

sk it

d

urin

g the

que

stio

n se

ssio

n, g

o se

e th

e sp

eake

r a

fter

the

ta

lk. T

ake

the

op

por

tuni

ty to

tha

nk h

im/h

er f

or the

ta

lk.

�D

on’t

have

an

open

lapt

op d

urin

g a

talk

bec

ause

it’s

rude

(exc

ept i

n a

very

la

rge

mee

ting

whe

n yo

u’re

not

nec

essa

rily

expe

cted

to b

e en

gage

d in

all

talk

s).

�Th

ere’

s not

hing

tha

t he

lps

a s

pea

ker

mor

e th

an

to s

ee y

ou n

odd

ing

you

r he

ad

in a

pp

rova

l!

Sum

ma

ry

�K

now

you

r a

udie

nce!

�K

now

you

r a

udie

nce,

kno

w y

our

aud

ienc

e, k

now

you

r a

udie

nce

�Pr

epa

re!

�Pr

act

ice!

�A

ctiv

ely

take

not

es a

bou

t w

hat yo

u lik

e, o

r w

hat

was

suc

cess

ful i

n a

talk

you

just

saw

…us

e th

at a

s a

mod

el.

�Th

ank

the

peo

ple

who

hel

ped

you

!�

Da

niel

Ja

cob,

Dre

w E

ndy

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