How accurately does CyAN represent cyanobacteria cell ...

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HowaccuratelydoesCyANrepresentcyanobacteriacellcountsinOregonLakes?

VictoriaAvalos1,DanielSobota1,2,SteveHanson2,BrianFulfrost2,PanYangdong1,EugeneFoster1,21PortlandStateUniversity,ESMDepartment;2OregonDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality

ThankyoutotheOregonDEQforprovidingfundingforthesondes,totalalgaesensors,andfortheguidanceandexpertise.Iwouldalsoliketothankthe EdwardD.andOliveC. Bushby Award atPortlandStateUniversityforprovidingmewithascholarshipthatmadethisresearchpossible.ThankyoutothePan- Foster- Edwardslabgroupandmypeersforguidingmethroughtheplanningprocessformyresearchandmuchmore.AndthankyoutoGeoffreyLeeforthecontinuedsupport.

Acknowledgements1. Carpenter,S.R.,Brock,W.A.,Cole,J.J.,Pace,M.L.(2014).Anewapproachforrapiddetectionofnearbythresholdsinecosystemtimeseries.Oikos.123:290- 297.2. EuropeanSpaceAgency.(n.d.).IntroducingSentinel- 3[webpage].RetrievedMay18th 2018,fromhttps://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-33. Jacoby,J.M.,Kann,J.(2007).TheoccurrenceandresponsetotoxiccyanobacteriainthePacificNorthwest,NorthAmerica.LakeandReservoirManagement.23(2):123-143.4. OregonHealthAuthority(OHA).(n.d.)AlgaeBloomAdvisoryArchive[webpage].RetrievedMarch5th 2018,fromhttps://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/RECREATION/HARMFULALGAEBLOOMS/Pages/archive.aspx5. Paerl,H.W.,Paul,V.J.(2012).Climatechange:linkstoglobalexpansionofharmfulcyanobacteria.WaterResearch.46(5):1349- 1363.6. Schaeffer,B.A.,Bailey,S.W.,Conmy,R.N.,Galvin,M.,Ignatius,A.R.,Johnston,J.M.,…Wolfe,K.(2018).MobiledeviceapplicationformonitoringcyanobacteriaharfulalgalbloomsusingSentinel-3satelliteOceanandLandColourInstruments.

EnvironmentalScienceandModeling.109:93- 103.7. Scheffer,M.,Bascompte,J.,Brock,W.A.,Brovkin,V.,Carpenter,S.R.,Dakos,V.,...Sugihara,G.(2009).Earlywarningsignalsforcriticaltransitions.Nature.461(3):53- 59.8. Wilkinson,G.M.,Carpenter,S.R.,Cole,J.J.,Pace,M.L.,Batt,R.D.,Buelo,C.D.,Kurtzweil,J.T.(2018).Earlywarningsignalsprecedecyanobacterialbloomsinmultiplewholelakeexperiments.EcologicalMonographs.88(2):188-203.9. WorldHealthOrganization(WHO).(1999).Fieldwork:siteinspectionandsampling.InI.Chorus&J.Bartam (Eds.),ToxicCyanobacteriainWater- Aguidetotheirpublichealthconsequences,monitoring,andmanagement(pagesofchapter).

NewYork:.E&FNSpon.

References

1. DoesCyANaccuratelymeasurecellcountsinOregonLakes?• VerificationofCyANappcalculatedcountsversusphysicalcellcounts

2. Howwelldosatellite-deriveddatacomparewithinsitumeasuresofcyanobacteriaharmfulalgalblooms(cyanoHABs)?• ComparisonofCyANderiveddatatosondecollecteddata;benefitsand

limitationstoeach3. HowwellcantimeseriesanalysisforearlydetectionofcyanoHABsbe

appliedtosatellitedata?• Applyearlywarningdetectionmethodstoreal-timedata• Istherethepossibilityofsubstitutingreal-timedatawithCyANor

satellitedata

ResearchQuestionsandObjectives

FieldVerification• WeeklygrabsamplestakenandpreservedfromJune21st toSeptember21st

forcellcountenumerationandandtaxaidentification• Sondesplacedineachlake,recordingdissolvedoxygensaturation,pH,

temperature,andspecificconductance,chlorophyllconcentrationsandphycocyaninasrelativefluorescence(RFU)

• MonthlyspatialanddepthintegratedanalysisofbothlakesEarlyWarningSignalQuickestdetectionmethodwillbeusedforanalyzingchangesinlag-1autocorrelationandstandarddeviationin14and21dayrollingwindowsofchlorophylla,phycocyaninRFU,anddissolvedoxygenbetweenthetwolakes(Scheffer etal.2009;Carpenteretal.2014;Wilkinsonetal.2018).

CyAN

StudyLocation Preliminary/ExpectedResults

CyanobacteriaTaxaIdentification• Identifyandanalyzetaxathatarepresentineachlake• Lookforchangesincommunitycompositionsbeforeblooms• DoesCyANfavoraspecificspecies?Cyanobacteriacellcounts• Cellenumerationsforsamplesatbothlakes• Statisticalanalysis/comparisontoCyANderivedcellcountsandEarlywarningdetection• Ifcellcountsareaccurate,applycellcountsfromCyANtoearlywarning

detectionmethoddescribedinWilkinsonetal.(2018)• Ifcellcountsarenotcompatible,tryusingspectralshapeorothersatellite

derivedpatterns• DohistoricalcellcountsfromCyANshowthesamepatternsofdetection?

NextSteps

TheCyanobacteriaAssessmentNetwork(CyAN)isanandroidmobileapplicationcreatedbytheEPA(Figure1).ThisappusessatelliteimageryfromEuropeanSpaceAgencySentinel-3satelliteOceanandLandColourInstrumentandSeaDASsoftwaretocalculatecyanobacteriacellcounts(cells/mL).Littleverificationhasbeendoneontheapp,especiallyinOregon.Schaefferetal.(2018)performedaverificationusingCyANreportedcellcountsandOHAcyanoHABadvisories(Figure2),howevertherearenoverificationsofcellcounts.Limitations:• Minimumsurfaceareaof300mx300mwithoutshoreline(Schaefferetal.

2018)• Cloudcoverage,smokefromwildfires,solarreflectioncaninterferewith

output• Doesnothavetheabilitytodetecttoxinlevels/speciesidentification

Figure3.WatershedsofOdellandCrescentsshowninred(a),andtheirlocationinOregon(b).OdellIstheNorthernmostlakeandwatershed,whileCrescentlakeistheSouthernmostlakeandwatershed.

Figure2. AverificationoftheCyAN applicationonOdellLakebycomparingsatellitederivedcyanobacteriaabundanceresultswithpresence/absenceofanOregonHealthAuthorityBloomadvisoryfromSchaefferetal.2018.

MaterialsandMethodsFigure5. ThemeanandstandarddeviationofcellcountscalculatedbytheCyAN appforbothlakes.Thecellcountspeakat403,168±243035cellspermillileterforOdellonJuly23rd,2019(a).ThesondeslocatedinOdellandCrescentLakerecordedconcentrationofchlorophylla(b),relativefluorescenceofblue-greenalgae(c),percentsaturationofdissolvedoxygen(d)andpH(e)every15minutes.ValuesforOdellLakeareshowningreenandvaluesforCrescentlakeareshowninblue.

CrescentLake(reference)

OdellLake(experimental)

Area(km2) 14.9 13.9

Elevation(m) 1,475 1,459

MaxDepth(m) 81 86

Landcover

EvergreenForest(83%)Developed(0.08%)

EvergreenForest(80%)

Developed(1.01%)

Inlet SummitLake Trapper Creek

Outlet CrescentCreek OdellCreek

cyanoHAB NoRecordedHistory

RecentOHARecreationalAdvisories

Table1.Comparisonofthetwostudysites,CrescentLakeandOdellLake.

Figure4.CrescentLake(left)andOdellLake(right)onJuly23rd/24th,2019duringthepeakbloomatOdell,accordingtoCyAN app(a).Dolichospermumhasbeendetectedingrabsamplestakenfromthisday(b).

Figure1. SchematicofhowtheCyAN applicationusesSentinel3OceanLandColour Instrument(OCLI)datatocalculatecyanobacteriaabundance,usingcalculationsinSchaefferetal.(2018).

a.

b.

ContactInformationVictoriaAvalosMasterofScienceStudentEnvironmentalScienceandManagementPortlandStateUniversityvavalos@pdx.edu

d.C.

a. b.

e.