Transcript
HIV & OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Presented by,THUSHARA C
PHARMACY PRACTICE
HIV • RNA retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus that infects
and destroys vital cells of the human immune system, such as helper T cells (CD4+ cells).
• It causes the AIDS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGYHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(HIV)
TRANSMISSION OF HIV
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
MANAGEMENT NON PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY• Patient education• Life style modification• Sympathetic attitude,
family and public support. • Take adequate rest and
diet rich in proteins and vitamins.
• Smoking cessation• Stop drinking alcohol• Do regular exercise or
yoga.
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPYANTI RETROVIRAL TREATMENT
TREATMENT ALGORITHM
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 15-20mg/Kg/DayPentamidine isethionate i.v. 4mg/kg/Day
TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1 double strength tab. Oral,OD
MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS
Azithromycin 1200mg orally once weekly or
Clarithromycin 500mg Orally twice daily
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
Fluconazole,100-200mg ,orally once daily
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
Acyclovir ,200mg five times
daily or
400mg ,three times daily
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
Acyclovir ,30mg/kg/day for atleast 7 days
Acyclovir 4g/day ,orally
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
Ganciclovir 7.5-10mg/kg/day,i.v.,in 2-3 equally divided dose for 14
daysMaintenance:5-6mg/kg,OD
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