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How did the local people respond to the British Rule after World War 2?
Done by: Charlotte Chua (6) Khairulhariza(20) Nur Hazirah(29)
Nur Naazilah(30) M.Shalini(32)
Condition of Singapore in1945
Lack of jobs and povertyShortage of food, water, electricity
and housingDiseases due to overcrowded living
conditions, poor sanitation and lack of health services
How did the local people respond to British rule after World War 2?
Organised StrikesStaged Riots Maria Hertogh RiotsAnti-National Service RiotsDemanded Self GovernanceFormed Political Parties
The year of strikes
Strikes occurred due to the difficult living conditions
More than 300 strikes occurred in 1947 by almost 70, 000 workers
Strikes were started by the communists. It got worse after the involvement of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
What DID the communist do?
The communists stirred up people’s feeling through the trade unions
They blame the British for all the Post-war troubles
Encouraged people to join communist-controlled trade unions to fight for better working conditions
and higher pay
Protest Against NSOn 13 May 1954 500 students led a protest against National
Service Government House(Istana)Riot Squad stepped in and the event turned
violent.26 people were injured, 48 students
arrested(mostly chinese studentsThe Chinese students felt that it was unfair
to them, as they saw no future in the British-ruled state.
They were under the influence of the Malaya Communist Party
In the end National Service was introduced in 1967
The Riots In Early 1950’s(Maria Hertogh,Anti-National Service)
• Maria Bertha Hertogh was born toDutch-Eurasian parents• Parents imprisoned; Maria came under
custodyof Che Aminah brought her up as a muslim named Nadra• When her original mum wanted to claim her
back,Che Aminah made it a court case. The court ruled that she had to be returned to her parents.
The Riots In Early 1950’s(Maria Hertogh,Anti-National Service)
• After Che Aminah appealed, the court gave Nadra back To her.• Nadra underwent a marriage(only 13 then)
with teacher, but dutch law did not recognise it.• This caused an uproar in the Muslim
Community as they felt that the court was prejudiced against them and then they started rioting.
How the British governed
The people thoughtSome were concerned about their
livelihood while others feel that it was time for the British to leave as they had failed to protect Singapore
Some also felt that since other countries had gained independence, why not Singapore?(Eg. India)
So the British called for change.
The first Legislative Council
• The SPP worked closely with the British Government to fight for equal treatment for both local and european civil servants.• They also introduced proposals to provide
financial security for workers in their retirement or for those who were no longer able to work.• Not popular with Chinese-educated• Pro-British and believed in gradual self-
government
1st Elections
In 1948, Elections were introduced and the British allowed some Locals to be elected to the Legislative Council
People who share similar ideas on a running of a country should form a political party
Then this groups would promote themselves through rallies, speeches etc;
Then, residents are allowed to vote and the party with the most numbers wins.
Democracy The elections did not really help British as
not many people took part in it as only Singaporeans are allowed to vote.
Also, only one party took part in the 1948 elections, the Singapore Progressive Party(SPP)
SPP won 3 out of the 6 Seats, the other 3 were won by Independents
A Mere 13 800 people voted out of a population of 940 000, this was partly because many were not eligible to vote(only those born in Singapore could vote)
The 2nd Elections
Rendell ConstitutionIn 1955 the Rendell Constitution came
into effect(although proposed in 1953) It was a comission led by British Diplomat
Sir George RendelIt gave the local population more power
to determine the government but the colonial administration still held most of the authority over internal matters.
Areas The elected Local Ministers handled: Housing, Health, Trade, Industry and Education
It was an important step to full self-governance.
The Two Political Parties-Labour Front
Formed in July 1954Led by David Marshall, Lim Yew Hock
and Francis ThomasComprised of mostly low income and
English-educated trade union leadersSupported immediate independencePromised to bring about more equality
for Singaporeans within the civil serviceCalled for the extention of Singaporean
citizenship to China born inhabitantsPromoted the introduction of
multilingualism
The Two Political Parties-People’s Action Party(PAP)
Established on 21 November 1954Founded by Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Keng
Swee, Toh Chin Chye, S Rajaratnam, K M Byrne
Demanded immediate independenceFelt a strong political organisation was
needed to exert pressure on the BritishCalled for all anti-colonial forces to co-
operate in this struggleAimed to win the support of the workers,
trade unions and students in the Chinese Schools
1955 Elections79 Candidates, 25 elected seats in the
legislative assemblyThey made house to house visits to garner
votesDistributed newspapers and pamphletsOrganised ralliesGave Speeches to win the people’s supportThe Elections mainly focused on anti-
colonialismSucceeded in making ordinary people
believe that they could put an end to British colonial rule.
Situation of 1955 ElectionsThe electoral fight was on .The people of Singapore were
treated to a performance of the antics of political parties
It was as if the party that could shout the loudest would be the most convincing.
Polling Day160 000 People votedResults: -Labor Front -10 seats -SPP – 4 -AP – 3 -PAP – 3 -Independents - 3 -Democrats – 2
David Marshall – First Chief Minister(as his party won the most seats)
Brief history of The;Legislative councilJudiciary BranchExecutive council
1946-1948The Singapore Colony Order-in-
Council of 1946 to 1948, provided for a partly elected Legislative Council of 6 non-officials elected by adult British subjects.
In this first Legislative Council election of 1948, only British subjects were allowed to vote. Eligible voters had to register themselves as voters
1955The first Legislative Assembly
election was a lively affair. Automatic registration expanded the number of voters and for the first time it included a large number of Chinese
1959Singapore attained full self-
government. The Legislative Assembly election was won by the People's Action Party (PAP) and PAP's party leader, Lee Kuan Yew, became the first Prime Minister
1963Singapore was allocated 15 of 127
seats in the new federal legislature and retained her own legislative assembly and executive government. The Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore (State Constitutions) Order-in-Council was enacted to effect this change in status. On 16th September 1963, the Malaysian Proclamation announced the merger of Singapore with Malaysia
1965The Independence Act was
passed by Parliament to provide for the continuity of the existing laws and the adoption of some provisions of the Malaysian Constitution after Singapore left the Federation of Malaysia.
1984A constitutional amendment was
passed in 1984 to ensure that there will always be a minimum number of members from the opposition parties
allowed the best "losers" (maximum of 6) from among the opposition candidates in a General Election (based on percentage of votes cast), to sit in Parliament as a Non-Constituency Member of Parliament.
1988to introduce group representation
constituencies (GRCs) in the General Elections. In a GRC
1990President based on the
recommendation of a Special Select Committee, NMPs serve the function of presenting independent and non-partisan views on policies
1991The Constitution was amended to
provide for a directly-elected Head of State who would be provided with veto powers to safeguard Singapore's foreign reserves, ensure the integrity of the public service and to act as a check on certain powers of the Government.
Judiciary BranchBranch of the government that
interprets lawdetermines whether acts are
under the law and pronounces them
Bibliographyns-300x187.jpg car_honk.jpg 1bag_of_money-234x300.jpg union-jack2-1.jpg Anti-war-protest-DC-1.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g5b3X0
FcjF0/TKCNJmzFL7I/AAAAAAAAAm8/aq9_ZXQ2qD4/s1600/vote.jpg
http://getvinspired.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/maar01_polls.jpg
http://www.pap.org.sg/images/logo_pap.gif
http://www.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/image/20100806/ST_16937267m.jpg
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