Transcript
TTM - History
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History of Traditional Tibetan Medicine
Important Events in the History of Tibetan Medicine
• 657 B.C.: Tonpa Sherab Mevoche was born
• 637 B.C.: Chepo Trishey was born
• 309: Birth of Dung gi Thorchog
• 629: Songtsen Gampo was enthroned
• 755: Trisong Deutsen was enthroned
• 708‐833: Senior Yuthok Yonten Gonpo
• 765: First medical school in Kongpo Menlung
• 958‐1057: Lotsawa Rinchen Sangpo
• 1126‐1202: Junior Yuthok Yonten Gonpo
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• 1395‐1475: Jangpa Namgyal Draksang
• 1439‐1475: Surkhar Nyamnyid Dorjee
• 1509‐1572: Surkhar Lodoe Gyalpo
• 1653‐1705: Desi Sangye Gyatso
• 1672: Deumar Geshe Tenzin Phuntsok
• 1696: Chokpori Medical College founded
• 1916: Men‐Tsee‐Khang, Lhasa, Tibet
• 1961: Men‐Tsee‐Khang, Dharamsala,India
Tonpa Sherab Mevoche (657 BC)
• He was born at the time of Lord Buddha at Volmo‐lungring (near Mount Kailash and Manasarovar lake), Shang Shung in South Western Tibet
• Legendary master and cultural founder of Bon religion and medical tradition
• Wrote many literatures on Bon medicine including ‘bum bzhi
• His son Ched‐bu Tri‐shey continued his lineage (637 BC)
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Lha‐tho‐tho‐ri nyen‐tsen (254‐374)
• 28th King of Tibet
• Started the first bridge of interaction with neighboring countries
• Lived for 120 years
• Two Indian physicians, Vijay Gaje and Bila Gaje visited Tibet and contributed to the health service in Tibet
• Birth of son Dhungi‐thor‐chok (309 ) to Vijay Gaje and Yid kyi Rolcha (princess of the King)
Dhun‐gi‐thor‐chok (309)
• He was a personal physician to the 28th and 29th King of Tibet, Tri‐nyen Sung‐tsen
• His successive sons continued the lineage and served as personal physicians to the kings of their times for several generations
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Thön‐mi Sam‐bho‐taSongtsen Gampo
King Song‐tsen Gam‐po (617‐698)
• 33rd King of Tibet
• Introduction of Tibetan script by his famous minister Thön‐mi Sam‐bho‐ta
• His queen Gya‐sa 'un‐shing Kong‐jo from China brought Chinese medical texts (641) one of which is men‐ched chen‐mo and later translated into Tibetan by the great scholars, the Chinese Hashang Mahadeva and the Tibetan Dharma Kokha
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Tri Ralpa Historic Gu‐ge Monastery
Trisong Detsen Samye Monastery
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King Tri‐song Deu‐tsen (742‐797)
• The 38th King
• Relations with neighboring countries strengthened
• The first ever medical conference held at Samye,Tibet
• Elder Yuthog Yonten Gonpo
Elder Yut‐hog Yon‐ten Gon‐po (708‐833)
• He was the representative of Tibet at the first international conference on Tibetan Medicine held at Samye
• Wrote the first draft of rgyud‐bzhi
• Established first monastic medical college called "Tanadug" at Kongpo Menlung in 765
• He lived for 125 years
• He travelled thrice to India and Nepal, and twice to China
• Wrote 18 supplements to rgyud‐bzhi
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Lang Dhar‐ma (803‐846)
• 42nd king of Tibet
• Civil war and Buddhism destroyed
• A few centuries of fragmented period of Tibet began
Lochen Rinchen Sangpo (958‐1056)
• Revived Buddhism and Tibetan Medicine in Tibet
• Translated Ashtanga Hridaya (Tib: yan‐lag brgyad‐pa'i snying‐po bsdus‐pa; Eng: Condensation of the Essences of Eight Branches) and its commentary, zla‐zer (Moonlight)
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Junior Yu‐thok Yon‐ten Gon‐po (1126‐1202)
• Rewrote rgyud‐bzhi• cha‐lag bco‐brgyad (Eighteen Supplementary Works)
• The 13th descendent of YuthokYonten Gonpo I
• He wrote ser‐chen (Golden Notes)
• rzog‐chen (Wealthy Notes)
• snying‐po bdus‐pa (Condensation of the Essences)
Jangpa Namgyal Dragsang (1395‐1475)
• Renowned founder of the Jangpa tradition of Tibetan medicine
• Wrote yan lag brgyad pa thamscad kyi snyingpo bsduspa yid bzhin norbu rinpo che
• rgyud dhon gsal byed sgronma ‐commentary on the root Tantra
Jangpa Namgyal Dragsang (1395‐1475)
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Zur‐khar Nyam‐nyi Dor‐jee (1439‐1475)
• He was the founder of the Zurlugtradition of Tibetan medicine
• Wrote man‐ngag bye‐ba ring‐sel(Pith Instructions, Relics in millions) and many other treatises as well
Zurkhar Lodoe Gyalpo (1509‐1572)
• mes‐po'i zhal‐lung (Oral instructions of forefathers)first two tantras and urine and pulse analysis
• Revised rgyud‐bzhi and published the most acclaimed edition, called gra‐thang rgyud‐bzhi.
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The great Vth Dalai Lama (1617‐1682)
The Great 5th Dalai Lama (1617 – 1682)
• Tibetan government ‘Gaden Phodang’ started (1642)
• Appointed Desi Sang‐gye Gya‐tso as his regent
• Revived and developed all the fields of Tibetan knowledge including Tibetan medicine.
Desi Sangyay Gyatso (1653‐1706)
• Regent of the fifth Dalai Lama (1617‐1682)
• Wrote a commentary on rgyud‐bzhi titled Bendurya‐sngonpo (Blue Beryl) in 1687‐1688
• Prepared 79 medical thangka (paintings) illlustrations explaining the true philosophies of rgyud‐bzhi based on Blue Beryl (1688, 1703)
• He wrote man‐ngag lhan‐thabs (a supplementary treatise to the oral instruction tantra)
• khog‐’bugs drang‐srong dgyes‐pa’I dgaton (a historical account of Tibetan Medicine)
• Founded Chagpori medical college in 1696 in Lhasa
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Deu‐mar Ge‐she Ten‐zin Phun‐tsok (1672)
• He wrote in 1727, dri‐med shel‐gong on therapeutic potency of each medicinal substance (2200 drugs and sub‐varieties)
• dri‐med shel‐phreng on the explanations of the type, nature and action of medicinal substances
The Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama (1876‐1933)
Revived Chak‐po‐ri medical school in Lhasa
With his approval, Te‐khang Jam‐pa Thub‐wang established the Men‐Tsee‐Khang in Lhasa in 1916
Appointed Khen‐rab Nor‐bu as the head of Men‐Tsee‐Khang
The Great 13th Dalai Lama (1876‐1933)
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Potala
Khen‐rab Nor‐bu (1883‐1962)
• Directot of both the Chagpori Medical College and Men‐Tsee‐Khang in Lhasa
• A book on medicinal plants (Tib: ngo‐tshar gser‐gyi nyi‐ma; Eng: Wonderful Golden Hair)
• Book on the uses of medicines (Tib: sman‐sbyor nus‐pa phyogs‐bsdus; Eng: Condensation of the Effects of the Medicine
• bdud‐rtsi bum‐sang; a text on pharmacopoeia (Eng: One Hundred Thousand Good Nectars)
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A Dark Period in Tibetan History
• The Chinese invaded Tibet from the east in 1949
• Tibetan uprising day on 10th March, 1959 and Chagpori medical school destroyed
• Innumerable medical literatures and practitioners destroyed and killed
• His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, followed by thousands of Tibetans, escaped into exile in India
• The Cultural Revolution (1966‐1976 )
• Men‐Tsee‐Khang (the Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute) was established on March 23rd, 1961 in Dharamsala
• More than 54 branch clinics all over in India and Nepal
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Departments:
• Pharmaceutical
• Clinical research and development
• Sorig literary research
• Materia Medica
• Quality control laboratory
• Herbal products research
• Translation
• Astronomy and Astrology
• Administration and Accounts
• Exports, Multimedia and
• College for training new doctors and astrologers
• Department of Body, mind and life
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