history of managment by fmjoyia

The History of management

By:

Muhammad Muzahir Mohsin (162-FET/BSME/F11-B) Farooq Mustafa Joyia (169-FET/BSME/F11-B)

Turbiners

The Management Researchers

What is Management?Management in business and

organizations means to coordinate the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.

Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal.

Another Definition of managementSince organizations can be viewed as

systems,

Management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to 'manage' oneself, a prerequisite to attempting to manage others.

7

Management Ideas and Practice Throughout History

1.1

5000 BC

4000-2000 BC

1800 BC

600 BC

500 BC

400 BC

400 BC

175

284

900

1100

1418

1436

1500

1525

Sumerians

Egyptians Planning, organizing, controlling.

Hammurabi

Nebuchadnezzar

Sun Tzu

Xenophon

Cyrus

Cato

Diocletian

Alfarabi

Ghazali

Barbarigo

Venetians

Sir Thomas More

Machiavelli

Record keeping

Plan, organize, control. Written requests.

Controls and written documentation

Wage incentives, production control

Strategy

Management as a separate art

Human relations and motion study

Job descriptions

Delegation of authority

Listed leadership traits

Listed managerial traits

Different organizational forms/structures

Numbering, standardization, interchangeability

Critical of poor management and leadership

Cohesiveness, power, and leadership

Historical Development Early writing 19th century 20th century 21st century

Early WritingSome ancient military texts have been cited

for lessons that civilian managers can gather. For example, Chinese general Sun Tzu in the

6th century BC, The Art of War, recommends being aware of and acting on strengths and weaknesses of both a manager's organization and a foe's.

19th CenturyClassical economists such as Adam Smith

(1723–1790) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues. About the same time, innovators like Eli Whitney (1765–1825), James Watt (1736–1819), and Matthew Boulton (1728–1809) developed elements of technical production such as standardization, quality-control procedures, cost-accounting, interchangeability of parts, and work-planning.

Contd…Many of these aspects of management

existed in the pre-1861 slave-based sector of the US economy. That environment saw 4 million people, as the contemporary usages had it, "managed" in profitable quasi-mass production.

Salaried managers as an identifiable group first became prominent in the late 19th century.[7

Late 1700s – Early 1900s

-Robert Owen-Hugo Munsterberg- Mary Parker Follett

20th Century J. Duncan wrote the first college

management textbook in 1911. In 1912 Yoichi Ueno introduced Taylorism to Japan and became first management consultant of the "Japanese-management style". His son Ichiro Ueno pioneered Japanese quality assurance.

The first comprehensive theories of management appeared around 1920. The Harvard Business School offered the first Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) in 1921.

What is the Hawthorne Studies?

15

Hawthorne Studies: Elton MayoWorkers’ feelings and

attitudes affected their work

Financial incentives weren’t the most important motivator for workers

Group norms and behavior play a critical role in behavior at work

Frederick W. TaylorFrederick Taylor is known today as the "father of scientific management." One of his many contributions to modern management is the common practice of giving employees rest breaks throughout the day.

Frederick W. Taylor, 1856-1915

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Taylor’s Four Management Principles

Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.

Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman.

Cooperate with the men to insure all work is done inaccordance with the principles of the science.

There is almost equal division of the work and theresponsibility between management and workmen.

18

Frank & Lillian GilbrethFrank and Lillian Gilbreth were prolific researchers and often used their family as guinea pigs. Their work is the subject of Cheaper by the Dozen, written by their son and daughter.

19

Bureaucratic Management

Bureaucracy

The exercise of control on the basis ofknowledge, expertise, or experience.

Max Weber, 1864-1920

20

Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett is known today as the “mother of scientific management." Her many contributions to modern management include the ideas of negotiation, conflict resolution, and power sharing.

Mary Parker Follett, 1868-1933

21

Whitney, Monge, and OldsEli Whitney, 1765-1825

Gaspard Monge, 1746-1818

Ransom Olds, 1864-1950

22

Information ManagementMilestones in information management:1400s Horses in Italy1500-1700 Creation of paper and the printing press1850 Manual typewriter1860s Vertical file cabinets and the telegraph1879 Cash registers 1880s Telephone1890s Time clocks1980s Personal computer1990s Internet

23

Contingency ManagementContingency Approach

Holds that the most effective managementtheory or idea depends on the kinds ofproblems or situations that managers arefacing at a particular time and place.

24

Contingency ManagementManagement is harder than it looks

Managers need to look for key contingencies that differentiate today’s situation from yesterday’s situation

Managers need to spend more time analyzing problems before taking action

Pay attention to qualifying phrases, such as “usually”

In The EndWe Wish that our Presentation about the history of management

piqued you’re interest