history of distance education

1

2

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Presented by Sami Arif

3

Introduction

EDUCATION Education is a process of learning

positive habits , knowledge , skill etc , under the guidance of teacher.

DISTANCE EDUCATION Distance education is a kind (medium

of instruction)of education, in which a student studies by correspondence ,sitting at home .

4

Definition

This term covers education & training in which tutor & learner are not in the same place. Correspondence courses are the most vivid example & it is possible to obtain a very wide range of skills & qualification in this way. ( ILMI education dictionary )

According to Dodd's (1978) …..this method/system provides

education/courses by correspondence, broadcasting and occasional face-to-face learning.

5

Terminology

Distance education 25

Open learning Non-formal Correspondence Without walls university flexi-study Off-campus learning Adult education Life long education Continuing education

6

Components

1) Correspondence material2) Radio3) Television4) Study centers5) Distance tutors6) Multi-media /internet

7

CharacteristicsNo fixed class room Individual student work Multi media used TV internet

postal service etcLittle oral interactionLess face- to- face interaction Self assessment activities

8

Advantages

Easy No seats limitation No time restriction No place restriction No gender restriction Affordable EDUCATION FOR ALL (slogan) fulfills

9

Development of technology

Distance education has been developed by the passage of time through five generations .

Correspondence generation(print). Multimedia generation(video & audio tapes

C.Ds.etc) Telelearning generation( audio& video

conferencing, broadcasting) Flexible learning generation (internet,

network) Intelligent flexible learning generation.

10

In history’s eye

Distance education has a long history over a 100 years . How ever in its non-organized form distance education has been traced back to the beginning of written records .

During Biblical period epistles were used for the instruction of early Christian congregations. (sewart 1981 ,holmberg1986)

11

18th Century

According to Holmberg , mention of what could be termed as distance education , was made in the Boston Gazette(U.S.A ) of 20th march 1728 when Caleb Philips, a teacher of New Method shorthand advertised that people who wanted to learn this art could have their lessons sent weekly to them and ” … be as perfectly instructed as those that live in Boston” (Battenberg, p.44, quoted by Holmberg 1986,p.6).

12

Early 19th Century

Open universities & institutes opened in Sweden ,West Germany ,U.S.A &U.K where correspondence courses were offered. The university of London was first to award degree in D.L.

1833 D.E started in Sweden.

13

Mid19th Century

1850 In England Isaac Pitman started shorthand on post cards .

1856 Germany, Frenchman Charles Toussaint & German Gustay Langenscheidt started teaching language in Berlin.

1870 Hans Hermod opened a school in Malmo

1880 Isaac Pitman College 1873-1897 In U.S.A Anna Eliot Tichnor

founded & run Boston Society.

14

20th Century

1920 Soviet union used D.E to expend there educated manpower.

1929 D.E became a significant component of soviet education system as a solution to shortage of teachers & institutions . Even today Russian students do part of their degree at a distance & part full-time.

15

Radio Era

Child education 1925 radio introduced in school

education. 1939 10,000 schools had radio Adult education 1930 several thousand listening

groups were formed in Britain. 1937 radio came in for adult

education in New Zealand.

16

3rd Component

1960’S Linkage of 3rd component ,face-to-face tuition with Broadcasting and correspondence

Off campuses studies started from first world war

17

3rd world countries

1940-1950 In Asia and Latin America 1960 D.E as a solution for

educational problems.

18

In Pakistan

The first open university founded in 1974 named as People open university in Islamabad now known as Allama Iqbal Open University.

The second open university is Virtual University which founded in 2002.

19

Conclusion

To conclude we may state that distance education has a history of one hundred years . D.E is based on traditional education . D.E is expending day by day, it is cost effective and now a need of under developing countries. It is a solution of third world countries low literacy rate.

20

Thank you

21

ANY QUESTION?