Hernandez.Feeds090115
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Broiler Diets to Maximize Carcass Yield and Quality
F. I. L. Hernandez1, M. J. Zuidhof, D. R. Korver2, R. A. Renema2, Valerie Carney1
1Alberta Agriculture and Food, Agriculture Research Division
2Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca
Dietary Energy DensityD
ieta
ry P
rote
in D
ensi
ty
Take Home Message
• Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit
1. Good early start pays dividends
2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
• Quality in the meat sector …has many dimensions (leanness, color, functional properties)
• Maximize value (yield, quality, or profitability)…… usually means compromise between multiple competing objectives
• Modeling applications were explored for using nutrition to optimize broiler production
…and explore the impact of nutrition with the aim of improving lean meat yield
Background
Cobb
Sex-separate
3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP
3,245 kcal/kg 21.80 CP
PRE-STARTER1 – 11 d
HighPS LowPS
97 % energy 100% energy94 % energy
92.5 % protein
85 % protein
100 % protein
107.5 % protein
115 % protein
TREATMENTS
*Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth rate and feed efficiency
DBP Treatment
VLow Low Rec High VHigh
Low A AAC AC ACC C
Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD
Rec B BBD BD BDD D
ME
Tre
atm
ent
TREATMENTS DIETS
3,009 (kcal/kg)20.70 CP
Starter11 – 20 d
3,169 (kcal/kg)19.80 CP
3,014(kcal/kg)27.80 CP
3,094(kcal/kg)27.80 CP
2,909(kcal/kg)16.39 CP
Grower20 – 31 d
3,119(kcal/kg)17.41 CP
2,842(kcal/kg)23.41 CP
3,008(kcal/kg)22.31 CP
3,022(kcal/kg)16.09 CP
Finisher31 – 56 d
3,137 (kcal/kg)16.78 CP
2,972(kcal/kg)20.76 CP
3,171 (kcal/kg)21.52 CP
A B C D
CORNER DIETS (Analyzed)
DBP Treatment
VLow Low Rec High VHigh
Low A AAC AC ACC C
Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD
Rec B BBD BD BDD D
ME
Tre
atm
ent
TREATMENTS DIETS
Techniques
• BW (Live body weight)• Carcass
– Eviscerated (feet, head and neck removed)
• Cut Up- Breast (p. major + p. minor)- Abdominal fatpad (including fat on gizzard)- Legs (drum + thigh)- Wings
- Equations are useful to discover optimal ages or management strategies for lean chicken production
• Allometric analysis was conducted using Huxley’s equation
• Where y is the weight of the carcass part (g); x is the weight of the eviscerated carcass (g); a and b are coefficients, estimated using the NLIN procedure of
SAS.
baxy
Techniques
Effect of Prestarter on BW
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56Age (days)
BW
(kg
)
LowPS HighPS
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
BW (k
g)High Low
Prestarter
PS Level P<0.0001P<0.0001
Effect of Prestarter on Breast Yield at 42 d
( 2,135 g EBW)
Bre
ast
(g) 669.94 667.75
600.00610.00620.00630.00640.00650.00660.00670.00680.00690.00700.00
HighPS LowPS
P<0.037
Prestarter Effects (HighPS)Summary
• Improved BW at 42 d (2.73 vs 2.66 kg)
• Improved Breast Yield at 42 d (670 vs 668 g)
0
1
2
3
Female Male
Sex
BW
(kg
)
P<0.0001
2.48
2.92
Effect of Sex on BW at 42 d
P<0.0001
Fat
pad
(g
)
Effect of Sex on Fat Pad at 42 d
71.98
43.65
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
Female Male
P<0.0001
P<0.0001P<0.0001
Bre
ast
(g)
Effect of DBP on Breast Yield at 42 d
679.32 678.02674.13
657.25
647.59
600.00
620.00
640.00
660.00
680.00
700.00
VH H Rec L VL
Effect of DBP on Fat Pad at 42 d
Fat
pad
(g
)
57.42
44.8749.32
53.27
75.92
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
VH H Rec L VL
P<0.0001
Economic Analysis• Live cost of production (Supply Chain Model)
– BW– Feed intake & FCR
-Processing Cost - $1.94/kg (whole bird scenario) - $2.13/kg (cutup scenario) -Carcass Value (CA wholesale / US relative)- Whole bird scenario ($3.48 < 2.3 kg < $4.15/kg)-Cutup scenario
Breast ( x 1.78)Legs ( x 0.86)Other ( x 0.62)
Sources: AAFC, USDA
$315.26Starter $348.95 $333.70 $367.31
$324.68Grower $360.31 $344.01 $379.72
$319.66Finisher $354.10 $334.20 $369.42
A B C D
FEED PRICES OF CORNER DIETS
$354.20/t $317.24/tPRE-STARTERHighPS LowPS
Energy (% of rec) 94 97 100
Relative cost
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
Protein (% of rec)
80 90 100 110 120
Relative Feed Prices
More Profitable:
• High PS
• Males
Females
Males
Optimum: 97% ME @102% rec DBP
Optimum Formulation*
Cutup Whole
Age ME DBP ME DBP
28 97 102 97 98
36 97 102 97 101
42 97 102 97 101
49 97 101 97 101
56 97 101 97 99
*% of Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth and feed efficiency
OPTIMAL DIETS (cut up scenario) 97% ME 102% DBP
3,011
(kcal/kg)
23.55 CP
2,911
(kcal/kg)
19.49 CP
3,015
(kcal/kg)
18.42 CP
STARTER
HighPS
GROWER
FINISHER
3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP
Final Considerations
• Early nutrition has a strong economic impact
• Nutritionists working with the end product in mind have the potential to improve value through improving lean yield, reducing carcass fatness
Take Home Message
• Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit
1. Good early start pays dividends
2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
Acknowledgements
Poultry
Industry
Councilfor Research and Education
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca
Thanks!