Have distritual innovation systems a chance for sustainable transitions. a case study of the ceramic tile dis
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Have Distritual Innovation Systems a chance
for Sustainable transitions A Case Study of the Ceramic Tile DIS
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology University of Valencia (ES)
Jornada de Distritos Industriales y Clusters 2014 ldquo35 Antildeos del Distrito Industrial Marshallianordquo
2
Introduction
Theoretical framework
Results bull Environmental issues on the development of the
Spanish tile industry
bull Energy (and environmental) policy
bull Energy consumption the challenge
Discussion
Index
3
There is a debate on the sustainability of the actual production model of within globalisation due to
- An increased demand of resources
- Limited capacity of the environment to assimilate human activity
- Increase public awareness and demands for the improvement of environment quality
Have Distritual Innovation Systems a chance for Sustainable transitions
A Case Study of the Ceramic Tile DIS
Introduction
4
Innovation is a collective and an interactive process [hellip] ldquoall important economic social political organizational institutional and other factors that influence the development diffusion and use of innovationsrdquo (Edquist 2004 pp 182)
Sectoral system of innovation
Technological systems
(Breschi and Malerba 1997 Malerba 2002)
(Carlsson and Stankiewitz 1995 Huges 1984 Callon 1992)
Knowledge Heterogeneity Institutions Learning Interrelations
National system of innovation
Regional system of innovation
(Freeman 1987 Lundvall 1988 1992 Nelson 1993)
(Cooke 1993 and 2001 Saxenian 1985 Jaffe et al 1993)
Evolutionist perspective
(Nelson and Winter 1977 and 1982)
Functional approach
(Bergek et al 2008 Jacobsson and Johnson 2000
Edquist 1997)
Distritual Innovation system
(Gabaldon-Estevan et al 2011)
Theoretical framework I
5
[hellip] ldquoall the changes in the product portfolio or in the production processes that tackle sustainability targets like waste management eco-efficiency emissions reduction recycling eco-design or any other action implemented by firms to reduce their environmental footprintrdquo (De Marchi 2012 615)
Environmental innovation ishellip
Theoretical framework II
Raw materials
Manufacturin
g
Ceramic tiles
Demolition
Use
The ceramic tile life cycle
Cogeneration
Reutilization Reduction
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
2
Introduction
Theoretical framework
Results bull Environmental issues on the development of the
Spanish tile industry
bull Energy (and environmental) policy
bull Energy consumption the challenge
Discussion
Index
3
There is a debate on the sustainability of the actual production model of within globalisation due to
- An increased demand of resources
- Limited capacity of the environment to assimilate human activity
- Increase public awareness and demands for the improvement of environment quality
Have Distritual Innovation Systems a chance for Sustainable transitions
A Case Study of the Ceramic Tile DIS
Introduction
4
Innovation is a collective and an interactive process [hellip] ldquoall important economic social political organizational institutional and other factors that influence the development diffusion and use of innovationsrdquo (Edquist 2004 pp 182)
Sectoral system of innovation
Technological systems
(Breschi and Malerba 1997 Malerba 2002)
(Carlsson and Stankiewitz 1995 Huges 1984 Callon 1992)
Knowledge Heterogeneity Institutions Learning Interrelations
National system of innovation
Regional system of innovation
(Freeman 1987 Lundvall 1988 1992 Nelson 1993)
(Cooke 1993 and 2001 Saxenian 1985 Jaffe et al 1993)
Evolutionist perspective
(Nelson and Winter 1977 and 1982)
Functional approach
(Bergek et al 2008 Jacobsson and Johnson 2000
Edquist 1997)
Distritual Innovation system
(Gabaldon-Estevan et al 2011)
Theoretical framework I
5
[hellip] ldquoall the changes in the product portfolio or in the production processes that tackle sustainability targets like waste management eco-efficiency emissions reduction recycling eco-design or any other action implemented by firms to reduce their environmental footprintrdquo (De Marchi 2012 615)
Environmental innovation ishellip
Theoretical framework II
Raw materials
Manufacturin
g
Ceramic tiles
Demolition
Use
The ceramic tile life cycle
Cogeneration
Reutilization Reduction
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
3
There is a debate on the sustainability of the actual production model of within globalisation due to
- An increased demand of resources
- Limited capacity of the environment to assimilate human activity
- Increase public awareness and demands for the improvement of environment quality
Have Distritual Innovation Systems a chance for Sustainable transitions
A Case Study of the Ceramic Tile DIS
Introduction
4
Innovation is a collective and an interactive process [hellip] ldquoall important economic social political organizational institutional and other factors that influence the development diffusion and use of innovationsrdquo (Edquist 2004 pp 182)
Sectoral system of innovation
Technological systems
(Breschi and Malerba 1997 Malerba 2002)
(Carlsson and Stankiewitz 1995 Huges 1984 Callon 1992)
Knowledge Heterogeneity Institutions Learning Interrelations
National system of innovation
Regional system of innovation
(Freeman 1987 Lundvall 1988 1992 Nelson 1993)
(Cooke 1993 and 2001 Saxenian 1985 Jaffe et al 1993)
Evolutionist perspective
(Nelson and Winter 1977 and 1982)
Functional approach
(Bergek et al 2008 Jacobsson and Johnson 2000
Edquist 1997)
Distritual Innovation system
(Gabaldon-Estevan et al 2011)
Theoretical framework I
5
[hellip] ldquoall the changes in the product portfolio or in the production processes that tackle sustainability targets like waste management eco-efficiency emissions reduction recycling eco-design or any other action implemented by firms to reduce their environmental footprintrdquo (De Marchi 2012 615)
Environmental innovation ishellip
Theoretical framework II
Raw materials
Manufacturin
g
Ceramic tiles
Demolition
Use
The ceramic tile life cycle
Cogeneration
Reutilization Reduction
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
4
Innovation is a collective and an interactive process [hellip] ldquoall important economic social political organizational institutional and other factors that influence the development diffusion and use of innovationsrdquo (Edquist 2004 pp 182)
Sectoral system of innovation
Technological systems
(Breschi and Malerba 1997 Malerba 2002)
(Carlsson and Stankiewitz 1995 Huges 1984 Callon 1992)
Knowledge Heterogeneity Institutions Learning Interrelations
National system of innovation
Regional system of innovation
(Freeman 1987 Lundvall 1988 1992 Nelson 1993)
(Cooke 1993 and 2001 Saxenian 1985 Jaffe et al 1993)
Evolutionist perspective
(Nelson and Winter 1977 and 1982)
Functional approach
(Bergek et al 2008 Jacobsson and Johnson 2000
Edquist 1997)
Distritual Innovation system
(Gabaldon-Estevan et al 2011)
Theoretical framework I
5
[hellip] ldquoall the changes in the product portfolio or in the production processes that tackle sustainability targets like waste management eco-efficiency emissions reduction recycling eco-design or any other action implemented by firms to reduce their environmental footprintrdquo (De Marchi 2012 615)
Environmental innovation ishellip
Theoretical framework II
Raw materials
Manufacturin
g
Ceramic tiles
Demolition
Use
The ceramic tile life cycle
Cogeneration
Reutilization Reduction
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
5
[hellip] ldquoall the changes in the product portfolio or in the production processes that tackle sustainability targets like waste management eco-efficiency emissions reduction recycling eco-design or any other action implemented by firms to reduce their environmental footprintrdquo (De Marchi 2012 615)
Environmental innovation ishellip
Theoretical framework II
Raw materials
Manufacturin
g
Ceramic tiles
Demolition
Use
The ceramic tile life cycle
Cogeneration
Reutilization Reduction
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
6
Environmental issues on the
development of the Spanish tile
industry
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
7
Energy consumption
Product
Materials use
Pollution
Water consumption
Waste Tile industry
Market
Legislation
Legitimation
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues on the development of the Spanish tile industry
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
8
Energy consumption
Materials use
Water consumption
- Tile industry is a big energy consumer (gas 91 electric 9) - Transition from oil to gas in the 80rsquos amp new kilns reduced firing times from 35-45 hours to 35-70 minutes - Atomisers have cogeneration (total efficiency to 85-90) so further reductions in of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions are more difficult - Energy costs are about 15-25 of total costs
- Availability of raw materials worldwide will worsen as production increases in developing countries - Locally mining activity is being displaced to more remote areas because of the environmental impact - Efforts are directed to reduce the thickness
- Water is intensively used in the ceramic tile manufacturing process - Interest in reducing thickness (again) - Recycling of the refuse-mud (reduces the need for water and suppresses dumping) - Or to improve the dry route powder processing
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the inputs
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
9
Pollution
Product
Waste
- Tile industry has done progress in substituting most of the hazardous elements that characterised production in the early industrialisation years However there are still areas for improvement - Further reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) - Deal with elements as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) boron (B) sulphur (S) sulphur dioxide (SO2) or fluorine (F) - Dust pollution suspended particles due to ransportation
- Sustainable product due to its characteristics resistant durable versatile requires low maintenance and aseptic - Green developments are thinner tiles photovoltaic tiles - Active surface tiles combining tile with other elements that provide an added benefit or fulfilling an new function - Ventilated facades radiant ceramic tiles raised floor systems for flat roofs ceramic lattice Pot-in-pot system Giraplax Trombeta for Trombe wall and dry collocation
- 17 of the waste is reincorporated to the process (some lines of product with about 80 recycled material) - Efforts are directed towards integrating ceramic leftovers in other products (like asphalt) towards recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry to produce mortars and towards new potential sources for the production of ceramic tiles from other industrial activities
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the outputs
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Legislation
Legitimation
Market
- EPBD seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector - IPPC seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use - Kyoto and emissions rights problem with twin industries amp hope that it will change to best available technologies - REACH regulation could force the disappearance of small and medium frits and glaze companies
- Long tradition of good status and legitimation challenged since 1990s (increase in production high geographical new environmental regulation and control and other economic activities) - Will to keep legimated by moving to environmental production (Environmental Product Declaration or the EU-ECOLABEL) to improve public image and secure markets with high environmental consciousness
- Delocalisation of production centres will continue - Providers experience problems in transposing their RampD effort to clients via the products they acquire - A focus on technology and ecology would make Spanish industry very competitive
The environmental turn in a moment of crisis Environmental issues hellip the context
10
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
A focus on
Energy (and environmental) policy
11
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (12)
Energy and environmental policies are inextricably linked
All energy production and consumption has environmental impacts
The benefits of saving energy are
o can help avoid impacts associated with extractive industries and with energy generation transformation distribution and consumption in general
o reducing the GHG emissions air pollution impacts to surface and ground waters
Measures to increase the share of sustainable renewable energy sources in the mix can lower overall environmental and climatic pressures compared to other forms of energy
Measures aiming at using resources in a more efficient way also contribute to reducing energy demand
12
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy (and environmental) policies in the EU (22)
o Directive 20048EC Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of
cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market
o Directive 200929EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 200387EC
so as to improve and extend the green house gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community
o Directive 201031EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings
o Directive 201075EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control)
o Directive 201191EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the
effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
oCOM(2011) 109 final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 8 March 2011 ndash Energy Efficiency Plan 2011
o COM(2011) 112 final Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament The Council The European
Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050
o Directive 201227EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency
o Horizon 2020 - The Framework Program for Research and Innovation 13
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy (and environmental) policies in Spain
The objectives of the environmental and energy polices in Spain are
o The security of the energy supply
o Competitiveness of energy markets
o Environmental protection
The Spanish energy landscape is characterised by
o A high weight of hydrocarbons in the energy mix (23 of primary energy)
o An extraordinary dependence on imports (around 70)
o And high rates of growth in energy demand in the last years
o Spanish sustainable development strategy (2007)
Environmental and energy polices o Law 132010 Application in Spain of the European greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme
o National action plan on renewable energy (PANER) 2011-2020
o National action plan on energy efficiency 2011-2020
o Law 162002 de 24 de September on the integrated prevention and control pollution (IPPC)
15 04
510148
252
72
Coal
Coal derived gas
PetroleumproductsGas
Electricity
RenewablesFinal energy
consumption in Spain (2011)
14
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy (and environmental) policies in Valencia
Valencian Regional Agency of Energy (AVEN) Is a public body belonging to the Regional Government of Valencia Its purpose is the development of performances in energy field in the scope of the Valencian region in accordance with the Regional Governmentrsquos guidelines and in the framework of the European Union energy polices
AVEN has as objectives o Energy diversification and energy savings
o Efficiency and energy quality
o Self-sufficiency energy supply in the Region
o Promotion of the renewable energy
o Promotion of infrastructures
o Use of new technologies
o Environment respect
Savings and efficiency energy plan in the Valencian Region (2010)
Valencia Strategy on Climate Change
AVEN grants
o energy audits
o investment in energy efficiency measures
o industrial equipment replacement by more efficient new
15
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy consumption
the challenge
16
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Evolution of the tile production (1985 - 2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(mile
s of
m2 )
17
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Thermal specific consumption (kWhm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ther
mal
spe
cific
con
sum
ptio
n (k
Wh
m2 )
18
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Energy and the Spanish tile industry
Energy consumption of the Spanish tile industry (2011)
93
90 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thermal energy consumption Electricity energy consumption
Ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
hm
2 )
19
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
The run towards capacity and efficiency
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process 2007
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Grinding and spray drying
98 (36)
20
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
The run towards capacity and efficiency
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) 2008
21
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
The challenge A return to biomass
What about this challenge
22
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
The challenge
A return to biomass Strengths
bull Strong and mature sector
bull A functioning innovation system
bull Connections between agriculture and industry already exists
23
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
The challenge
A return to biomass Weaknesses Limitations
bull Economic crisis
bull Dumping due to globalisation
bull The biomass would need to be complemented resulting on an energy mix given the high demand of the industry
24
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
bull The vast majority of the companies at the DIS are using the Best Available Techniques in terms of energy efficiency
bull The increasing concern in EU about the carbon dioxide emissions may pose an important hurdle to the sector at short term but also some opportunities
bull In the last years EU environmental legislation has mainly look upon energy efficiency greenhouse gas emissions and air quality control
bull The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is seen as an opportunity to promote their recent developments into the building sector
bull IPPC now Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is seen as beneficial because it promotes adoption of the best available technology in terms of energy use
bull Kyoto protocol and carbon dioxide emissions is more controvesial because the DIS is exposed to competitors located in countries with non or few requirements in greenhouse gas emissions There is a hope however that this process as the IED will force the use of the best available technologies
Conclusions I
25
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Conclusions II
Energy saving and climate protection are part of the tile industry agenda
Demanded developments are those that will significantly reduce the consumption of energy materials and water
Environmental laws demands new technologies to be adopted
Introducing biomass in the energy mix of the tile industry would alleviate total gas emissions
The strategy of Introducing biomass would help to the strategy of producing lsquogreenrsquo tiles and to the emergence of synergies with the different actors involved
26
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
Thank you for your attention
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio - Forthcoming - Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 Available at httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 52 (3) 151-158 Available at httpceramicayvidriorevistascsicesindexphpceramicayvidrioarticledownload12051239 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 Available at httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457 Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions - Available at httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1 Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 48 (4) pp 211-222 Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Anaacutelisis de consumos energeacuteticos y emisiones de dioacutexido de carbono en la fabricacioacuten de baldosas ceraacutemicas Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 49 (4) 303-310 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Boletiacuten de la Sociedad Espantildeola de Ceraacutemica y Vidrio 47 (2) pp 57-80 - Available at httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Some references
27
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 1
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 2
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 3
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 4
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 5
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 6
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 7
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 8
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 9
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 10
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 11
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 12
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 13
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 14
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 15
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 16
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 17
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 18
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 19
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 20
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 21
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 22
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 23
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 24
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 25
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 26
- Nuacutemero de diapositiva 27
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