Hagedorn 2013: Beyond Darwin Core - Stable Identifiers and then quickly beyond towards linked open data (TDWG 2013, Florence, Italy)

Stable Identifiers

and thenQuickly Beyond

(towards Linked Open Data)

Gregor Hagedorn

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Identifiers

SpecimenCollection

SpecimenCollection

BotanicalNomenclatural

Classical Identifiers

SpecimenCollection

Taxon = Abies alba Mill.

SpecimenCollection

Taxon = Abies alba Mill.

BotanicalNomenclatural

Literatur

Taxon = Abies alba Mill.

Classical Identifiers

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = 6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = 6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

Taxon = 6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

Newer Identifiers

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

Newer Identifiers

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

Not actionable ___________If this

found:

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

Not actionable ___________If this

found:

And this

found:

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

Taxon = urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-

11d9-9669-0800200c9a66

Not actionable ___________If this

found:

And this

found:

Then relation

detected:

This is already useful!

But „linking“(dereferencing)would also be

useful

Solution 1: LSIDs

= building a proprietary Biodiversity-derefencing

service

Solution 2: Semantic Web /

Linked Open Data

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

@ http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

Semantic WebIf this

found: Then relation

derefenced

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

SpecimenCollectionDatabase

Taxon = http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

BotanicalNomenclatural

Database

@ http://id.pesi.org/tax/6

e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-

0800200c9a66

Semantic Web

Micro-citation of data!

Semantic Webuses

http URIs

The Simple Rules1. Use URIs as names for things2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look

up those names.3. When someone looks up a URI,

provide useful information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL)

4. Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.(Tim Berners-Lee , 2006, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html)

Stable URI Identifier Patterns?1. Anything goes!!!2. It is just more or less difficult to keep stable3. Google for: “Best practices for stable URIs”

(pro-iBiosphere paper)

– http://objects. myorg.edu/id/1C4EDC178AD79DD7F1A5AB856E8C5BCA

– http://concepts.myorg.edu/id/123– http://id.plazi.org/specimen/123

Respect your resources.

Be selective.

Stability is a management

decision!

Beyond: Linked Open Data

Linked Open Data Cloud (LOD 2011)

Linked Open Data Cloud (LOD 2011)

Why Linked Open Data?– Distributed Web Model

• using w3c standards (xml, rdf, owl) • Machine usable data (automatic analysis & reasoning)• Physical object, RDF, HTML linked (content negotiation)

Why Linked Open Data?– Distributed Web Model

• using w3c standards (xml, rdf, owl) • Machine usable data (automatic analysis & reasoning)• Physical object, RDF, HTML linked (content negotiation)

– Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhere• Usages that the data providers never anticipated• Third parties connect concepts between data sets• Particular needs contribute to global achievement

Why Linked Open Data?– Distributed Web Model

• using w3c standards (xml, rdf, owl) • Machine usable data (automatic analysis & reasoning)• Physical object, RDF, HTML linked (content negotiation)

– Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhere• Usages that the data providers never anticipated• Third parties connect concepts between data sets• Particular needs contribute to global achievement

– Flexible to adapt to almost any form of data– Information managed at source plus annotated globally

Why Linked Open Data?– Distributed Web Model

• using w3c standards (xml, rdf, owl) • Machine usable data (automatic analysis & reasoning)• Physical object, RDF, HTML linked (content negotiation)

– Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhere• Usages that the data providers never anticipated• Third parties connect concepts between data sets• Particular needs contribute to global achievement

– Flexible to adapt to almost any form of data– Information managed at source plus annotated globally– Queries and other analysis can combine arbitrary sets of

data, anywhere and owned by anyone– Common and diverse vocabularies can be used together

and related to each other (creativity, science!)

Strategy:1. Stable Identifiers Now (Semantic Web compatible, http-dereferenceable)2. Semantic Web Later ...

LSID, ARK, DOI, etc.?

DOI as anexample

DOIResolver

Human use Machine use

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Legend:

DOI Resolution Provider

Content Provider

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

Global Stability Mapping

Web serverredirection

DOIResolver

Human use Machine use

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

RDF Data

ContentData/Html

Legend:

DOI Resolution Provider

Content Provider

HTTP Content Provider

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

Global Stability Mapping

Web-server-based content negotiation (MIME-type request based)

Local Stability Mapping

© G. Hagedorn, CC BY 3.0ff

DOIResolver

Infrastructure

3. Human resources required to manage the huge global list of redirection rules

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

Community-owned DOI infrastructure:1. Loads on central redirect (handling all global

taxon-related knowledge discovery!)2. GBIF-DOI is single point of failure when

used for Semantic Web (where doi-resolver must be included)

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

RDF (Meta)data

Content Data

Content Provider

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© G. Hagedorn, CC BY 3.0ff

Web serverredirection RDF

Data

ContentData/Html

DOI Provider Content Provider

DOIResolver

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

© G. Hagedorn, CC BY 3.0ff

Take home message:

Implementing stable SemWeb/LOD-compliant URI identifiers NOW is not a waste of resources should we all decide to do DOIs!