Greek Tragedy

Greek Tragedy

History and the Theater

The Tragic Form Originates from Greece.

Term means “goat-song” possibly referring to the sacrifice of a goat to the god Dionysus or the prize given to the playwright who won at the play competitions.

Dionysus

Tragedies were performed in his honor

Dionysus In Greek

mythology, he was a nature god of fruitfulness and vegetation, especially know as a god of wine and ecstasy.

Greek Tragedies Drawn from

familiar myths of gods and mortals found in the works of Homer and elsewhere

This familiarity focused the dramatic interest on the presentation of the changing awareness and responses of those involved, rather than on plot.

Violence and IrreverenceThese scenes were not

depicted on stage.

Instead they were reported and commented upon

Conflict Between the

protagonist and a superior force (such as destiny, circumstance, or society).

The End (resolution) The tragic protagonist is confronted in the

end by an inexorable fate that ensures an unhappy outcome.

Dionysus Theater-Reconstructed

Dionysus Theater- Now

Dionysus Theater Open-aired theater Like a semicircular football stadium Performance area at the bottom; seating

extended up the hillside

Orchestra Orchestra: circular, level space made of

hard earth where the chorus would dance, sing, and interact with the actors who were on the stage near the skene.

In the center of the orchestra there was often an altar.

The orchestra of the theater of Dionysus in Athens was about 60 feet in diameter.

Stage Area (view from the stage looking at the orchestra)

Theatron (seating area) Where the spectators sat. Usually part of hillside overlooking the

orchestra, and often wrapped around a large portion of the orchestra

Spectators probably sat on cushions or boards, but by the fourth century the theatron of many Greek theaters had marble seats.

Theater Seating

Skene the building or “tent” directly behind the stage. raised only two or three steps above the level of

the orchestra, and was perhaps 25 feet wide and 10 feet deep.

usually decorated as a palace, temple, or other building, depending on the needs of the play.

It had at least one set of doors, and actors could make entrances and exits through them.

also had access to the roof from behind, so actors playing gods and other characters could appear on the roof, if needed.

Parodos "passageways" or paths by which the chorus

and some actors made their entrances and exits.

The audience also used them to enter and exit the theater before and after the performance.

Stage Setting In traditional Greek

drama, little or no scenery was used.

Settings today are elaborate

They often consist of layers of settings including a backdrop, removable set, and layers of props

Costumes

Costumes They wore long robes with vertical

stripes. Costumes were always stiff, heavy,

dull, and dark colored to make apparent of their character's feelings.

Wealthy characters wore very embroidered, authentic and intricately designed costumes giving the audience a sense of their character's wealth as well as personality.

Masks The masks were typically

made of very thin and delicate clay, wood, or even stiffened cloth in some cases.

Then, a thin piece of linen was stretched over the base material of the mask.

Then, the masks were carefully carved and designed to fit the role of the theatrical performances.

Purpose of Masks Exaggerated the facial features of the actor.  Helped the audience tell whether the actor was

playing a man or a woman, his or her social stature, and his or her expression. 

Because the features were so much larger than those of a real human's face it was easy for the audience on the hillside to see. 

In the mouth of the mask, there was a metal mouthpiece, which helped exaggerate the voice of the actor, making it heard through out the stands.