Graphite Availability and Market Requirements by Fabrizio Corti

December 6th, 2011

Graphite: Availability and Market

Requirements

1. Graphite World

2. Graphite Markets

3. The Big Challenge

1. Graphite World

The Graphite World

GraphiteGraphite2.5 M ton/y2.5 M ton/y

PowdersPowders> 100 kton/y> 100 kton/y

Natural GraphiteNatural Graphite1 M ton/y1 M ton/y

Synthetic GraphiteSynthetic Graphite1.5 M ton/y1.5 M ton/y

Bodies Bodies (Electrodes)(Electrodes)< 1.4 M ton/y< 1.4 M ton/y

FlakeFlake400 kton/y400 kton/y

AmorphousAmorphous600 kton/y600 kton/y

The Graphite World

Natural FlakesNatural Flakes400 kton/y400 kton/y

Primary Primary Synthetic Synthetic PowdersPowders

Secundary Secundary Synthetic Synthetic PowdersPowders(Scraps)(Scraps)

SpecialSpecialFlakesFlakes

OrdinaryOrdinaryFlakesFlakes

Synthetic Powders Synthetic Powders > 100 k> 100 kton/yton/y

ProcessedProcessedNaturalsNaturals

2. Graphite Markets(or at least some of them…)

Refractories & Metallurgy

Typical customers in this application group:

• Metal Producers: use Graphite as re-carburizer

• Refractory Producers: use Graphite in Bricks, Monolithics, Crucibles

Products used by these industries:• Natural Graphite Amorphous and

Secundary Synthetic Powders are used as Recarburizer

• Natural Graphite Ordinary Flakes are used for Refractories and Crucibles

Markets

EngineeringMaterials

Typical customers in this application group:

• Producers of Carbon Brushes, Powder Metallurgy & Hard Metals, Friction parts and Foils (often linked to car industry)

• Producers of Lubricants, Catalysts, Synthetic Diamonds, Pencils,Ceramics.

Products used by these industries:• Natural Graphite Special Flakes,

Processed Natural Graphite Powders • Primary Synthetic Powders, some

Secundary Synthetic Powders

Markets

Mobile Energy

Typical customers in this application group are Producers of:

• Primary batteries: Alkaline, Zn-C, etc.• Rechargeable batteries: Li-ion, NiCd,

NiMH, Lead-acid, etc.• Fuel Cells• Super-Capacitors

Products used by these industries:• Processed Primary Synthetic Graphite • Processed Natural Graphite Powders• Graphite Water-based Dispersions

Markets

Markets

New & FutureApplications

Potential customers in new applications:

• Producers of Thermal Conductive Polymers

• Producers of Super Capacitors• Producers of New Carbon Materials

like Fullerene, Nanotubes, Graphene• etc. etc. etc.

Products likely to be used by these industries:

• Processed Primary Synthetic Graphite• Processed Natural Graphite Powders

Markets

In few words…

Just a tiny part of the graphite produced on earth is suitable for the high end markets of today …

…and just after complex production processes!

Markets

In few words…

For the high end marketsof tomorrow, a carbon precursor (natural or primary synthetic or other)will be needed……but in any case just

combined with complex production processes!

3. The Big Challenge

The Big Challenge

The big challenge is about having the

“appropriate processingtechnology”

for the most promising future markets….

The Big Challenge

… and just in a second priority about having

“access to the appropriate carbon precursors”

The Big Challenge

Just being a precursor producer is not enough to be successful in the high end graphite markets of

tomorrow!!

The Big Challenge

Of course, if you own appropriate and diversified

graphite precursors reservesand you know about

processing technologies…

…you are very well placed!

Manufacturing Plants

Timcal Plants

Exploitation of the present PIT nr. 12 (the second since beginning of operations) will finish during H1/2012Overburden of next PIT nr. 6 is already doneExploitation of next PIT nr. 6 will start H2 /2012Following PIT nr. 2: ready to be exploited Ongoing exploration on southern part of LDI field, in order to define additional reserves for the future (after 2018-2020)

About Timcal Mine in Canada, LDI

Primary Synthetic Graphite:

• Isotropic & Anisotropic• Coarse, Medium, Fine,

Ultra Fine• High & Very High Purity

Natural Flake Graphite• Flake• Purified• Expanded• Expandable• High Crystallinity• Coarse, Medium, Fine

Ultra-fine• High Purity

Timcal: a Full Spectrum of Products and Services

Conductive Carbon Black• Granulated• Powder

Cokes• Coarse, Medium, Fine

Water Based Dispersions

Timcal Products

A Member of IMERYS:transform to perform

A member of IMERYS

www.imerys.com

Summary

• owns natural graphite reserves and already mines natural graphite in Canada

• owns a plant to manufacture primary synthetic graphite powders in Switzerland

• is the only one to be in a position to offer both natural and primary synthetic graphite powders

Summary

• knows already technologies which enable the supply thousands of tons/y of highly processed graphite grades, both natural as well as primary synthetic

• has the full support from IMERYS to further develop its reserves, its capacity and its processing technology for both naturals and primary synthetics

Summary

December 6th, 2011