Transcript
PRESENTATION
Presentation Topic :
Presented by : 06-Elec-26
06-Elec-16
06-Elec-27
06-Elec-29
06-Elec-30
06-Elec-31
Presented to : M.Ajmal Khurshid
ALI JAMSHAID
SEEMAB AMIN
USAMA ANWAR
Khurram Asif
Omer Akram
Faizan Khalid
T H E G R E A T E S T T H R E A T
Increase in Temperature Of World
Outline
• Causes
• Impacts
• Future Threats
• What We Can
Do
• Conclusions
Greatest threat
Causes
Causes
Natural
Volcanic
Eruption
Solar
Activities
Man Made
Greenhouse
Effect Pollution
Greatest Threat
Causes
Natural Causes
Volcanic Eruption
HCL vapours
stratosphere
+
= Ozone hole
Solar Activities
•Sun spots
Causes
Solar Activities
Causes
•Solar Flares
Burning carbon-containing fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide
(Combustion)
C + O2 CO2
Causes of warming
Human Activities
Causes
Industrial Actions
Burning of fossil fuels
Ocean Acidification
CO2 + H20 HCO3- + H+
Water becomes
more acidic.
(ACID)
Remains in the
atmosphere
(greenhouse gas)
Dissolves in
sea water
CO2
CO2
Over the last 200 years, about 50% of all CO2 produced on
earth has been absorbed by the ocean. (Royal Society 6/05)
Causes
Solar energy
passes through
Radiant
heat is
trapped
Greenhouse gases in atmosphere
Greenhouse Effect
Causes
“Greenhouse gases”
(e.g. carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, CFC’s) trap heat
in the earth’s atmosphere.
Diagrams © Jennifer Allen
Other Factors:
1) Albedo effect
2) More energy goes directly into warming than into evaporation
3) Atmosphere layer is thinner in the Arctic
4) Increased heat transfer from oceans as sea ice retreats
5) Alterations in atmospheric and ocean circulation
Miscellaneous
Causes of warming
Natural factors only Human factors only
Causes of warming
The Smoking Gun
Natural factors only Human factors only BOTH
Causes of warming
The Smoking Gun
1. Melting ice & glaciers
2. Animals
3. Forests
4. People & Culture
Impacts of Warming
Impacts
Impacts 1. Melting
Melting Sea Ice
The Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2040
2000 2040
Snow and sea ice
reflect 85-90% of sun’s
energy
Ocean surface and
dark soil reflect only
10-20%
It’s like wearing a white shirt v. a black shirt
Aftermaths
Increased melting of snow
and sea ice
More of sun’s heat energy is
absorbed
More dark earth and ocean surface
is exposed
Land or water warms faster
Impacts
• Polar bears
• Walruses
• Ice seals
• Black guillemots
• Kittiwakes
• Salmon
• Caribou
• Arctic grayling
Impacts 2. Animals
Animals at Risk
Rising temperatures
Shrinking habitat
Food harder to get
Expanding diseases
Competition
Polar bears
Walruses
Ice seals
Caribou
Black guillemots
Kittiwakes Salmon
Arctic grayling
Impacts 2. Animals
Polar Bears in Peril
Numbers in
western
Hudson Bay
have
declined 22%
in 17 years
Dall Sheep Dall sheep: “We’re losing our habitat.”
Impacts 2. Animals
Forest Decline: White Spruce
Impacts 3. Forests
Forest Decline: Black Spruce
Impacts 3. Forests
By 2100, predicted temperature scenarios
would not allow black spruce to survive in
Fairbanks area
Forest Decline: Yellow Cedar
Impacts 3. Forests
A dramatic decline has
affected over 1500,000
acres of yellow cedar in
world
6.6 million acres
burned in 2004
4.6 million acres
burned in 2005
Impacts 3. Forests
Forest Fires
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
mill
ions o
f acre
s
Acres Burned 1956-2007
International Health Impacts
Increased epidemics of malaria in Africa.
Increased heat wave deaths.
Dengue fever in SE Asia.
More flooding, storms.
Impacts
4.People & Culture
Impacts
Global warming
threatens soul
and special
quality of life
Impacts 4. People & Culture
Race Cancelled
3 of last 8 years
Start Moved
6 of last 10 years
Impacts 4. People & Culture
People and Culture
Temperature Increase
Future Threats
Current Prediction
Temperature Measurements
Future Threats
If we fail to act, and CO2 keeps rising at the current rate, then
a new modeling study predicts that:
If we do not Act: Worst Case
Predicted
Temperature
Increase
_
_
_
_
_ +5
+10
+15
+20
+25oF
Future Threats
What We Can Do
1. Is it achievable?
2. Action is essential at every level
• Individual
• Corporate
• Local
• State
• Federal
• International
R E D U C E C O 2
E M I S S I O N S
What We Can Do
1954 2004 2054
14
7
1.9
Carbon Emissions (Billions of tons per year)
At least
TRIPLING
CO2
Avoid
doubling
CO2
Flat Path
STABILIZATION
TRIANGLE
What We Can Do Is it Achievable?
Flat Path
ONE WEDGE
One wedge avoids
1 billion tons of
carbon emissions
per year by 2054
7 wedges are
needed to build
the stabilization
triangle.
14
7
Carbon Emissions (Billions of tons per year)
STABILIZATION
TRIANGLE
2004 2054
What We Can Do Is it Achievable?
Current P
ath
Flat Path
ONE WEDGE
14
7
Carbon Emissions(Billions tons per year)
2004 2054
Current P
ath
Flat Path
ONE WEDGE
14
7
Carbon Emissions(Billions tons per year)
2004 2054
Each of These Changes Can Achieve
“One Wedge” of progress:
Double fuel efficiency of 2 billion cars
from 30 to 60 mpg.
Produce current coal-based electricity
with twice today’s efficiency.
Increase wind electricity capacity by 50
times relative to today.
What We Can Do Is it Achievable?
What We Can Do
Individual Actions
1. Conserve
2. Consume efficiently
3. Use renewables
4. Be involved
Conservation: Two Examples
Unplug Appliances
43 billion kWH lost/year in
U.S.
Lower Thermostat
2 degrees
OR 6 degrees for 8
hours/day
What We Can Do
Energy Efficiency: Two Examples
Compact Fluorescents
Four to six times more efficient
Hybrid Cars
Save money on fuel
What We Can Do
Renewable
Renewable Energy
Wind
Solar
Instream hydro
Geothermal
Biofuels
What We Can Do
Summary
The Greatest Threat
Global Warming
Causes
CFCs
Greenhouse Effect
Volcanic Eruption
Solar Activities
Motor Vehicular Emission
Other Causes
The Greatest Threat
Global Warming
Aftermaths
Forest Fires
High sea water level
Hazard to
infrastructure
Animals at Stack
Jeopardy to World
People and Culture
Summary
Summary
The Greatest Threat
Global Warming What can we do
Reduce CO2 Emission
Wind Power
Use Renewables
Use lower
thermostat
Fluorescent instead
of incandescent
Use efficient machinery
Forestation
Many more !
Thank You
For further information:
Proposal by: Usama Anwar
Prepared & Animated by: Ali Jamshaid
Scientific contributors: Omer Akram
Seemab
Khurram
Editing : Faizan Khalid
NOTE:
This presentation is the intellectual property of us.
Permission is granted for the presentation to be freely
shared for non-commercial, educational purposes.
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