GEM 2015-2016 English Theodore Wold · Global Entrepreneurship Monitor GEM GEM is the biggest research effort on global entrepreneurship which describes the attitudes, activities
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Mission:Nurturetheknowledgeofentrepreneurshipandpromoteitspracticebymeansofeducation,research,andcommunityoutreach.
Vision:Tobeasourceofinspirationandknowledge,andaconnectionbuildertopromoteentrepreneurship.
Education
Outreach
Research
Education
ENTREPRENEURSHIPMINOR
ENTREPRENEURSHIPANDBUSINESS
COURSES
Research
BIOGRAPHIESOFENTREPRENEURS
Outreach
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor GEM
GEM is the biggest research effort on globalentrepreneurship which describes the attitudes,activities and aspirations about the entrepreneurialventure.
60 countries participated in 2015, representing 72.4% of the world’s population and 90% of the world’s GDP.
www.fce.ufm.edu www.gemconsortium.orgwww.fce.ufm.edu www.gemconsortium.org
Babson andLondonBusinessSchool
started the project
10countries
participated
21countriesparticipated
Guatemalajoined
60countriesparticipated
GEM History
1997 1999 2009 20162000
Methodology
ADULT POPULATION SURVEY (APS):
Representative of the entire country.
Over 2,000 households surveyed in 179 municipalities over 340 in the country.
NATIONAL EXPERTS SURVEY (NES):
NES is a measure of perceptions of 36 experts about the context in which the entrepreneurship develops.
Direct interviews in nine specific areas.
Instruments used to collect information
Globally standardized methodology
EntrepreneurPerson between 19-64 years old who is the owner and manager of a business.
Entrepreneurial process
EarlystageentrepreneurialactivityTEA
%ofadultpopulation
Nascententrepreneur
Owner-managerofanewbusiness
Potentialentrepreneur
Owner-managerofanestablished
business
Discontinuationofbusiness
Conception Firmbirth Persistence
Earnings 42months
Entrepreneurial process
EarlystageentrepreneurialactivityTEA17.7%
%ofadultpopulation
Nascententrepreneur
Owner-managerofanewbusiness
Potentialentrepreneur
Owner-managerofanestablished
business
Discontinuationofbusiness
Conception Firmbirth Persistence
Earnings 42months
40.3% 10.8% 6.9% 8.1%
2.9%
Entrepreneurial process
EarlystageentrepreneurialactivityTEA17.7%
%ofadultpopulation
Nascententrepreneur
Owner-managerofanewbusiness
Potentialentrepreneur
Owner-managerofanestablished
business
Discontinuationofbusiness
Conception Firmbirth Persistence
Earnings 42months
3.2MM 860K 547K 642K
246K
Guatemalacomparedwithothereconomies
95.6
64.1 65.7 66.2
52.9
79.864.6 74.4
66.167.1
60.6
64.0 67.6 61.4
58.8
Guatemala Latinoamérica Recursos Eficiencia Innovación
% de
la po
blació
n entr
e 18 y
64 añ
os de
edad
Buena opción de carrera Reconocimiento social Reconocimiento medios
Entrepreneurial Perceptions
Fuente: APS, 2015
Attitudes towards entrepreneurship
47.9 47.2
53.8
41.1 39.7
60.0 60.4
65.8
41.9
53.0
35.031.4 33.1
43.1
38.1
Guatemala Latinoamérica Recursos Eficiencia Innovación
% de
la po
blació
n entr
e 18 y
64 añ
os de
edad
Oportunidades negocio Capacidades percibidas Temor al fracasoFuente: APS, 2015
40.3
33.2
43.3
28.7
14.2
17.719.9
21.4
14.7
8.58.1 8.5
12.5
8.56.8
2.9 4.15.7
3.31.8
Guatemala Latinoamérica Recursos Eficiencia Innovación
% de
la po
blació
n entr
e 18 y
64 añ
os de
edad
Potencial TEA Establecidos Descontinuados
Entrepreneurial Activity
Fuente: APS, 2015
TEA around the world
India
Vietnam
Filipi…
Camerún
Botswana
Senegal
Malasia
EgiptoCroacia
PoloniaChina
Panamá
GuatemalaIndonesia
Brasil
MéxicoColombia
ChileLíbano
Ecuador
Alemania NoruegaEspaña
BélgicaSuizaPuerto Rico
IrlandaCorea
Luxemburgo
Israel Estados Unidos
Canadá
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
$- $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 $100,000 $110,000
TEA
PIB per cápita (precios del 2010 US$)
Economías Basadas en Recursos Economías Basadas en Eficiencia Economías Basadas en Innovación
Fuente: APS, 2015
MainresultsforGuatemala
Characteristicsofentrepreneurs
58.5
43.941.5
56.1
Emprendedor No Emprendedor
% d
e em
pren
dedo
res
y no
em
pren
dedo
res
Hombre MujerFuente: APS, 2015
Gender and entrepreneurship
Fuente: APS, 2015
Entrepreneurs/Adult Population
1.071.10
1.01
1.17 1.19 1.24
0.94 0.910.99
0.86 0.830.79
2009
2010
2011
2013
2014
2015
Razó
n em
pren
dedo
res/po
blació
n ad
ulta
Hombres Mujeres
20.3
31.7
21.7
15.6
10.7
30.929.4
19.5
12.0
8.2
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
% de
los e
mpr
ende
dore
s de
la T
EA
Emprendedor No emprendedorFuente: APS, 2015
Age and entrepreneurship
Fuente: APS, 2015
First-time entrepreneurs38.0% 36.9%
14.8%
5.9%
1.7% 0.7%
0 1 2 3 4 5
% de
empr
ende
dore
s
Número de intentos
Fuente: APS, 2015
Entrepreneurial heritage: did your parents had a business?
41%
59%
Tenía negocio No tenía negocio
Characteristicsofthebusiness
Initial investment rangesTEA Established
Cumulativefrequency
Cumulative frequency
Less than $150 5.8 23.3Between $151 and $650 27.8 55.3
Between $651 and $1,300 45.2 67.3
Between $1,301 and $3,300 69.1 84.2
Between $3,3001 and $6,600 85.3 94.7
Between $6,601 and $13,200 95.8 98.9More than $13,200 100.0 100.0
Amount required to start a business
Fuente: APS, 2015
Business type 73.9
17.3
6.91.9
61.4
29.5
8.0
1.1
Consumo Transformación Servicios Extractivo
% d
e ne
goci
os e
n se
gún
activ
idad
eco
nóm
ica
TEA EstablecidosFuente: APS, 2015
Business type
Classification Business
ConsumptionGrocery store, food stall, apparel retailer, selling fruit and
vegetables.
TransformingAuto paint and body repair shop, shoe shop, selling
handicrafts, tailoring, blacksmithing, construction, carpentry, mill
Business servicesComputer maintenance, accounting, photocopying,
advertising, legal advice
Extractives Farm, forestry, fishing, mining
Fuente: APS, 2015
Generación de empleo
42.4
49.7
7.9
40.3
55.8
3.9
Ningún empleo 1-5 empleos 6-19 empleos
% de
los e
mpren
dedo
res T
EA y
Estab
lecid
os
TEA Establecidos
Jobs created by the entrepreneurs
Fuente: APS, 2015
% of entrepreneurs who expect to create more than 10 “new” jobs in 5 years
42.7
26.1
19.3
14.9
11.2
7.5 6.9 6.2 5.6 4.5
20.5
11.5 10.5
4.1 2.95.1
3.21.7 1.3 1.5
Colombia
Chile
Uruguay
Argentina
Perú
Guatemala
Barbados
México
Brasil
Ecuador
% d
el to
tal d
e em
pren
dedo
res
en
cada
paí
s
TEA EstablecidosFuente: APS, 2015
Web site gem.ufm.edu8 8
MainchallengesfortheentrepreneursinGuatemala
1.Innovation
Ranking of Research and Development
NES 2015 Clasificación mundialGuatemala 57Colombia 44México 18Latinoamérica 41Mejor clasificación (Suiza) 1Peor clasificación (Senegal) 60
Fuente: NES, 2015
Categories
Fuente: NES, 2015
97%
94%
91%
85%
82%
81%
3%
6%
9%
15%
18%
19%
Tranferencia de R&D
Subsidios
Apoyo Innovación
Capacidad de pago
Igual acceso
Entorno para innovar
En desacuerdo De acuerdo
Fuente: NES, 2015
Do all, some, or none of your customers consider this product or service new and unfamiliar?
Fuente: APS, 2015
36.8
30.3
32.9
Todos Algunos Ninguno
% d
el to
tal d
e em
pren
dedo
res
Fuente: APS, 2015
Right now, are there many, few, or no other businesses offering the same products or services to your customers?
Fuente: APS, 2015
54.0
32.9
13.1
Muchas empresas Pocas empresas Ninguna empresa
% d
el to
tal d
e em
pren
dedo
res
Fuente: APS, 2015
How did you identify the business opportunity?
Fuente: APS, 2015
Categories Entrepreneur
Saw what the customer needed 36.9Because it is what I can do 35.0Somebody told me about it 22.7Because it is something new 3.4Because the majority are doing the same thing 1.9Total 100
Fuente: APS, 2015
2.EducationandTraining
Ranking of Education
NES 2015 Clasificación mundialGuatemala 25Colombia 9México 7Latinoamérica 24Mejor Clasificación (Filipinas) 1Peor Clasificación (Egipto) 60
Fuente: NES, 2015
Categories
Fuente: NES, 2015
100%
97%
97%
70%
69%
61%
0%
3%
3%
30%
31%
39%
Principios
Espíritu
Iniciativa
Superior
Vocacional
Adecuada
En desacuerdo De acuerdo
Fuente: NES, 2015
4.6
12.3
16.7
5.0
9.8 9.1
22.0
13.7
6.94.4
13.8 14.2
6.0
10.6
5.9
30.8
10.0
4.2
No ha
estud
iado
Prim
aria
Inco
m.
Prim
aria
Com.
Básic
os In
com.
Básic
os C
om.
Dive
rsific
ado I
ncom
.
Dive
rsific
ado C
om.
Unive
rsitar
io In
com.
Unive
rsitar
io Co
m.
% de
empr
ende
dore
s y n
o emp
rende
dores
Emprendedor No emprendedor
Education
Fuente: APS, 2015
Do you need training?
Fuente: APS, 2015
59.1
40.9
Sí NoFuente: APS, 2015
What kind of training do you need?
Fuente: APS, 2015
Categories Entrepreneurs
Get more clients 31.6Deal with financial decisions 24.9Marketing 22.5Improve the production 14.5Improve the product presentation 6.6Total 100
Fuente: APS, 2015
3.Unfriendlyenvironmentforentrepreneurs
What was the most important reason for quitting this business?
Fuente: APS, 2015
Reason (%)The business was not profitable 23.7Another job or business opportunity 21.1Family or personal reasons 21.1Problems getting finance 13.2An incident 7.9Other 5.3An opportunity to sell the business 5.3The exit was planned in advance 2.6
Fuente: APS, 2015
The entrepreneurs are more likely to be victims of robbery and assault
Fuente: APS, 2015
10.0
2.0
3.2
7.5
1.31.8
Robo y Asalto Extorsión Otros
% d
el to
tal d
e em
pren
dedo
res
y no
em
pren
dedo
res
Emprendedor No EmprendedorFuente: APS, 2015
Ranking of physical infrastructure
NES 2015 Clasificación mundialGuatemala 42Colombia 18México 20Latinoamérica 28Mejor Clasificación (Suiza) 1Peor Clasificación (Líbano) 60
Fuente: NES, 2015
Categories
Fuente: NES, 2015
66%
56%
52%
45%
44%
34%
44%
48%
55%
56%
Infraestructura física adecuada
Acceso a telecomunicaciones
Disponibilidad de servicios básicos
Acceso a servicios básicos
Disponibilidad a telecomunicaciones
En desacuerdo De acuerdo
Fuente: NES, 2015
Costumer location
Fuente: APS, 2015
¿En dónde se ubican la mayoría de sus clientes?
TEA Establecidos
En mi comunidad, pueblo, aldea
52.0 46.6
En mi municipio 22.8 25.9En otro municipio de mi departamento
3.3 4.2
En mi departamento 9.0 11.6En otro departamento 2.6 3.7En toda Guatemala 9.7 7.4En otros países 0.5 0.5
Fuente: APS, 2015
Ranking of Government policies
NES 2015 Clasificación mundialGuatemala 43Colombia 41México 35Latinoamérica 39Mejor Clasificación (Suiza) 1Peor Clasificación (Argentina) 60
Fuente: NES, 2015
Categories
Fuente: NES, 2015
94%
94%
90%
89%
87%
85%
74%
6%
6%
10%
11%
13%
15%
26%
Favorence
Prioridad Muncipal
Rapidez
Prioridad Gobierno
Facilidad
No Barreras
Predictibilidad
En desacuerdo De acuerdo
Fuente: NES, 2015
Unregistered business
Fuente: APS, 2015
73.2%
26.8%
Informal FormalFuente: APS, 2015
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