Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveysiac.es/proyecto/iacob/media/Sp7EWASS2015/... · Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA)
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Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical
surveys
Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA)
La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Talk structure1. Completed/ongoing surveys.
★ Spectroscopic, OB specific, intermediate resolution.
★ Spectroscopic, OB specific, high resolution.
★ Spectroscopic, generic.
★ Imaging + interferometry.
2. GOSSS.
3. The near future.
★ WEAVE.
★ GALANTE.
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Spectroscopic, OB specific, intermediate resolution
• GOSSS: Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey.
1. Completed/ongoing surveys
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Spectroscopic, OB specific, high resolution
1. Completed/ongoing surveys
Survey PI # # O Resolution(s) Polar.? Sample Spectral types Epochs Done
OWNBarbá + Morrell 275 250 15 000 - 46 000 N S O + WN many ongoing
IACOB Simón-Díaz 525 150 23 000 - 85 000 N N O + B 3+ 90%
IACOB-sweG Negueruela 100 60 85 000 N N O + B 1 yes
NoMaDS Pellerin 120 75 30 000 N dim N O (+ B + WR) 1-few yes
CAFÉ-BEANS Negueruela 100 100 65 000 N N O ~10 80%
BOBS Chini 825 250 50 000 N S O + B ~10 ongoing
MiMeS Wade 550 100 65 000 Y all O + B + WR ~10 yes
BOB Morel 130 40 2600 - 120 000 Y S O + B few 85%
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Spectroscopic, generic
1. Completed/ongoing surveys
1. LAMOST.
★ Northern stars down to 19th magnitude.
★ 3700-9000 Å at R from 1800 and 5000, 4000 fibers, several million stars.
★ “Survey the OB stars in the Galaxy, tracing the 3D extinction in the Galactic Plane”.
2. Gaia-RVS.
★ Whole sky down to 17th magnitude.
★ 8470-8740 Å at R ~ 11 500, ~104 O stars, many more B stars.
3. Gaia-ESO.
★ Clusters and Galactic field in the south.
★ OB stars at R ~ 20 000 but only Carina Nebula in large numbers (~800).
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Why not SDSS and
RAVE?
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Imaging + interferometry
1. Completed/ongoing surveys
Survey PI # # O Type Resolution Filters Sample Spectral types Epochs Done
Tycho-2 Høg 2.5·106 800 Im 1" BV all all many yes
IPHAS + UVEX
Drew + Groot 2.2·108 ? Im 1" Ugri+Hα
+He IN all 1-few 90%
VPHAS+ Drew 4.0·108 2000+ Im 1" Ugri+Hα S all 1-few 40%
Gaia Prusti 1.0·109 ? Prism 1" 4000 - 10 000 Å
all all many 10%
AstraLux Norte
Maíz Apellániz
900 500 LI 80 mas zi N O + B + WR 1-few yes
AstraLux Sur
Maíz Apellániz
800 400 LI 50 mas zi S O + B + WR 1 yes
SMaSH+ Sana 225 175 Interf +AO 1-30 mas HK S O 1-few 90%
Mason 561 385 Speckinterf 30 mas Vy all O + B + WR 1-few yes
FGS Gies 225 200 Interf 10 mas V all O + B 1 yes
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
GOSSS description
• Long-slit spectroscopy of OB stars with R~2500 and S/N > 200 in 3900-5100 Å.
• Initial selection from the Galactic O-Star Catalog (GOSC).
• Telescopes and spectrographs:★ OSN 1.5 m (Albireo): δ > −20°, B < 11★ CAHA 3.5 m (TWIN): δ > −20°, 11 < B < 14 ★ WHT 4.2 m (ISIS): δ > −20°, 11 < B < 14★ GTC 11.4 m (OSIRIS): δ > −20°, 14 < B < 17★ LCO 2.5 m (B&C): δ < −20° B < 13★ SOAR 4.1 m (GHTS): δ < −20°, 13 < B < 15★ Gemini South 8.1 m (GMOS): δ < −20°, 13 < B < 16
• 2087 stars (3390 spectra) processed (+ ~300 unproc.), compl. for B < 8.
2.GOSSS
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
GOSSS publications and products• Carbon lines in O stars: Walborn et al. (2010), ApJL 711, 143.
• Survey description: Maíz Apellániz et al. (2011), HSA VI, 467.
• Northern bright stars: Sota et al. (2011), ApJS 193, 24.
• Rapidly rotating ON giants: Walborn et al. (2011), AJ 142, 150.
• Specific pipeline: Sota et al. (2011), HSA VI, 785.
• MGB, spectral classification code: Maíz Apellániz et al. (2012), ASPC 465, 484.
• Southern bright stars: Sota et al. (2014), ApJS 211, 10.
• The OVz category: Arias et al. (2014), RvMxA&AC 44, 36.
• O-stars standard grid: Maíz Apellániz et al. (2015), HSA VIII.
• PhD thesis of Alfredo Sota (2015).
• Contributions to Gamen et al. (2012), A&A 546, 92; Wade et al. (2013), MNRAS 425, 1278; Salas et al. (2013), ATel 5571; Maíz Apellániz et al. (2014), IAUS 297, 117; Wade et al. (2015), MNRAS 447, 2551; Maíz Apellániz et al. (2015), A&A accepted; and Walborn et al. (2015), AJ accepted.
• Galactic O-Star Catalog (GOSC) basis: http://gosc.iaa.es .2.GOSSS
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
GOSSS and the other O-stars surveys• GOSSS:
★ Largest uniform sample of O stars ever (or how to clean SIMBAD).★ Spectral types (and approx. Teff + log g + v sin i).★ Intense/broad Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs) in the blue-violet region (Thursday talk).★ Spatial distribution, extinction, and IMF to several kpc.★ Extreme binaries.
• Why other surveys?★ High-resolution imaging:
➡ Spatial resolution of close pairs.
★ High resolution spectroscopy: ➡ Detailed modeling: Teff + log g + v sin i + vmac + wind parameters + abundances + B field.➡ Rest of optical region: Hα, O III 5592…➡ Profile variability: intrinsic + spectroscopic binaries.➡ Weak DIBs, extension to the full optical range, atomic and molecular ISM lines.
★ Gaia: ➡ Distances.➡ Spectrophotometry.➡ Variability detection with RVS.
★ Optical imaging: ➡ New O stars.
2.GOSSS
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Fundamental spectral morphology and the properties of O stars
The O-star zoo in the R~2500 GOSSS data
2.GOSSS
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
LS III +46 11 in Berkeley 90
2.GOSSS
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00phase
−200
−150
−100
−50
0
50
100
150
v 1,2 (k
m/s
)
1 WHT1 HET1 CAHA−2.2 m1 NOT2 WHT2 HET2 CAHA−2.2 m 2 NOT1 fit2 fit
Hε 3
970
Hδ
4102
Hγ 4
340
Hβ
4861
He
I 400
9
He
I 412
1
He
I 414
4
He
I 416
9
He
I 438
8
He
I 443
8
He
I 447
1
He
I 471
3
He
I 492
2
He
II 42
00
He
II 45
42
He
II 46
86
He
I+II
3924
/ 27
He
I+II
4026
C II
I 406
8 / 6
9 / 7
0
C II
I 418
7
C II
I 464
7 / 5
0 / 5
1C
IV 4
658
N II
I 409
7
N II
I 437
9
N II
I 451
1 / 1
5
N II
I 463
4 / 4
1 / 4
2
N II
I 490
5
N IV
405
8
N V
460
4 / 2
0
Si IV
408
9
Si IV
411
6
Si IV
463
1
Si IV
465
4
DIB
is 4
179
DIB
is 4
428
DIB
is 4
502
DIB
is 4
591
DIB
is 4
727
DIB
is 4
761
/ 62
DIB
is 4
780
DIB
is 4
880
/ 87
Ca
II is
393
4
Ca
II is
396
8
CH
is 4
300
CH
+ is
423
2C
a I i
s 42
27
LS III +46 11 O3.5 If* + O3.5 If*
LS III +46 11 O3.5 If* + O3.5 If*
LS III +46 12 O4.5 V((f))
4000 4250 4500 4750Wavelength (Å)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
20:35:05
20:35:10
20:35:15
20:35:20
20:35:25
20:35:30
+46:49:00
+46:50:00
+46:51:00
+46:52:00
+46:53:00
LS III + 46 11
LS III + 46 12
2MASS J20350798+4649321
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
WEAVE: the instrument
• Double-arm optical Multi-Object Spectrograph for the 4.2 m WHT.
• ~950 fibers (+20 mIFUs and 1 LIFU).
• 2 degrees diameter FOV.
• Low resolution mode (R~5000): 3700 - 10 000 Å.
• High resolution (R~20 000).
• Survey-oriented.
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
WEAVE: Galactic Plane Stellar, Circumstellar, and Interstellar Physics
• OBA-stars-centered survey that plans to get ~10% of WEAVE survey time.
• Also ISM in emission, Cepheids, evolved low-mass stars, and other young stars.
• R ~ 5000, whole optical range.
• Galactic Plane with longitudes from 20 deg. to 225 deg.
• 1200 sq. deg.
• 2-3·105 targets.3. The near future
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15B
ap magnitude
1
3
10
30
100
300
1000
Num
ber
Confirmed O stars
40 O stars/kpc2, 0.8 mag/kpc
30 O stars/kpc2, 0.6 mag/kpc
15 O stars/kpc2, 0.4 mag/kpc
8 O stars/kpc2, 0.2 mag/kpc
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Why GALANTE?
• Some problems with photometric surveys for OB stars:
★ Saturation.
★ Filter selection.
★ Footprint.
★ Field of view and old instrumentation.
★ Long-term instrument stability and repeatability.
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
Javalambre: observatory and projects
• New observatory in Teruel, Spain.
• CEFCA: Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón.
• Two telescopes: T250 and T80.
• Exclusive for wide-field optical imaging surveys.
• T80:
★ 1.4 deg x 1.4 deg.
★ 9216x9232 px, 0.55”/px.
★ In commissioning.
★ Low read-out noise, up to 0.1” exposures.
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
T80 images
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
T80 images
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
T80 images
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
T80 images
3. The near future
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
F348M F420N F450N
3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 4500 4750Wavelength (Å)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
F λ/F
λ(400
0 Å)
7 000 K 10 000 K 15 000 K 20 000 K 30 000 K 50 000 K
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
−1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0F348M−3.44F420N+2.44F450N
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
F420
N−1
.47F
450N
+0.4
7F51
5N
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
−1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0F348M−3.44F420N+2.44F450N
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
F420
N−1
.47F
450N
+0.4
7F51
5N
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
MW SG E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
−1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0F348M−3.44F420N+2.44F450N
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
F420
N−1
.47F
450N
+0.4
7F51
5N
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
MW SG E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
SMC MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
−1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0F348M−3.44F420N+2.44F450N
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
F420
N−1
.47F
450N
+0.4
7F51
5N
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
MW SG E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
SMC MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 1.0 R5495
= 3.1
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Northern Galactic Plane.
• ~3 nights/month in the T80.
• Exposure times from 0.1 to 10 s.
★ Saturation ~ mag 6.
★ S/N ~ 100 at mag 16.
• Six filters:
★ F348M + F4220N + F450N.
★ F515N.
★ F660N + F665N.3. The near future
−1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0F348M−3.44F420N+2.44F450N
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
F420
N−1
.47F
450N
+0.4
7F51
5N
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1MW SG E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R
5495 = 3.1
SMC MS E(4405−5495) = 0.0 R5495
= 3.1MW MS E(4405−5495) = 1.0 R
5495 = 3.1
MW MS E(4405−5495) = 1.0 R5495
= 5.0T
eff = 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK T
eff = 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Teff
= 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK T
eff = 4,7,10,15,20,30,50 kK
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Main objectives:
★ Identify all OB stars and all Hα excess stars in the Northern Galactic Plane down to magnitude 16.
★ Estimate Teff for the sample above.
★ Measure E(4405-5495) and R5495 for the OBA stars in the sample by cross-matching with 2MASS.
• Sample additional objectives:
★ Detect previously unidentified high proper-motion stars.
★ Obtain a homogeneous sample of Ae/Be stars.
Galactic OB stars spectroscopic optical surveys Jesús Maíz Apellániz, CAB (CSIC-INTA) La Laguna, Monday 22 June 2015
The GALANTE survey
• Possible extensions:
★ Deep surveys of interesting regions.
★ The time domain.
★ Beyond the Galactic Plane: Orion, M31, M33…
★ Additional filters: Ca triplet window, Na I D1+D2, TiO…
★ Twin telescope in the South.
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