Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends ...biorefinery.utk.edu/technical_reviews/nanocellulose.pdf · Future Trends in Packaging Materials Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends
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Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
NanoCelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials NanoCelluloseOpportunitiesOpportunities
Art Ragauskasgragauskas@hotmail.com
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Wh N ll l iFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Why Nanocellulosics
• Improve the biopolymer properties:Improve the biopolymer properties:‐ Mechanical (strength, modulus and strain)‐ Thermal stability‐ Thermal stability‐ Toughness
Barrier‐ Barrier‐ Biodegradability
Optics‐ Optics• Use renewable raw materials
New applications• New applications • Packaging, medical, transport, electronics etc.
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Surface AreaE-Glass Fibers approx.1Paper Fibers 4Graphite 25 - 300Fumed Silica 100 - 400Fully Exfoliated Clay approx. 500Nanocellulose Whiskers 400 - 700C b N t b 100
• Size: width ~5 - 30 nm, length ~ 150-500 nm G
Carbon Nanotubes approx. 100
• Estimated Modulus ~150 GPa
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials NanoCelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Commonly Prepared From A Variety of Cellulosic FibFibers
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Whiskers
P timFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Preparation
μmmm
10 nm
OO
HOOH
OO
HOOH
OH
OH
O
HOOH
OO
HOOH
O-Cellulose
OH
OH
O
OO
HOOH
OO
HOOH
OH
OH
O
HOOH
OO
HOOH
O-Cellulose
OH
OH
O
10 nm
1 nm
TensileCarbon Fibers > Cellulose Nanocrystals > > S-Glass > Aramid
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Cellulose Nano Balls vs. Whiskers Future Trends in Packaging Materials 140160180 Applications
• CompositesCellulose Balls
406080
100120
Size
(nm
)
p• Drug Delivery• Cosmetics
020
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hour)
5% Cellulose WhiskersLatex Film
5% Cellulose BallsLatex Film Latex Film
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
MicroFibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Preparation:
Web Like: Diameter: 5 40 nm Length > 1000 nm
Mechanical treatments
Web-Like: Diameter: 5 – 40 nm, Length > 1000 nm
‐ Homogenization‐ Microfluidizer‐ Grinding, supermasscolloider‐ Cyrocrushing
Sonification‐ Sonification
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Nano Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nano Cellulose WhiskersComposites
• Rubber Resole-type phenolic resinsRubber, Resole type phenolic resins• Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(oxyethylene), Poly(lactic acid)• Poly(styrene-co-hexylacrylate) copolymer• Poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane• Polyproprolyene, polystyrene
•Whiskers act as efficient reinforcement due to high aspectWhiskers act as efficient reinforcement due to high aspect ratios, surface areas and high modulus.
• Common benefits observed in tensile strength, elongation rate, elevated thermal decomposition
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Nano Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nano Cellulose WhiskersFilms
• Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose • Xylan, Starch, Chitosan, Glucomannan• Styrene Butyly acrylate latex
General Benefits Due to Whiskers• Enhanced moisture and oxygen barrier properties• Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Microfibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Microfibrillated CelluloseComposites
• Paper board• Improvement in tensile index
• Polypropylene, poly(ε-caprolactone) • Improved tensile and flexural strength
• Polysodium acrylate superabsorbents (SAPs)• Polysodium acrylate superabsorbents (SAPs)• Improvements in shear modulus
General Benefits Due to Whiskers• Enhanced moisture and oxyegn barrier properties• Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Microfibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Microfibrillated CelluloseFilms
MFC• MFC• MFC/Layered Clay
•Enhanced oxygen barrier properties•Enhanced oxygen barrier properties•Paper board, Galactoglucomannans• Improvement in physical and barrier propertiesp p y p p
• Polypropylene, • Improved tensile and flexural strength
General Benefits Due to Microfibrillated Cellulose• Enhanced moisture oil and oxygen barrier propertiesEnhanced moisture, oil and oxygen barrier properties• Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus, transparent
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Nanocellulose ApplicationsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Applications
• Polymer Composites & bioplastics• Films, foams, and gells• Cosmetics• Cosmetics• Dimensionally stable thickener and emulsion • Implant material, biodegradable tissue scaffoldImplant material, biodegradable tissue scaffold • Suture, drug delivery vehicle, • Filter paper, speaker membrane• Battery membrane• Concrete• Drilling muds & enhanced oil recovery• Drilling muds & enhanced oil recovery• Water treatment
Future Trends in Packaging MaterialsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials
Nanocellulose ApplicationsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Applications
• Electronics - flexible circuits• Electronics - flexible circuits• Flexible solar panels• Paints pigments and inks• Screens and coatingsScreens and coatings
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