Formulating Research Problem

FORMULATING RESEARCH PROBLEM

Topic 2NPP 105CAF Reballos

Formulating Research Problem

Review of Related Literature Conceptual & Theoretical Literature Synthesis

Developing Conceptual Model Theoretical & Conceptual Framework

Research Problems Statement of the Problem Hypothesis

Literature Review

Consists of a collection of pertinent readings, published or unpublished, in local or foreign settings

Provide discussions of facts, principles, trends and practices to which the present study is related

RRL: Purpose

Provide an idea on how extensive studies have been done in specific areas

Give the investigator new or additional knowledge on the topic that s/he intends to pursue or to fill in gaps in the knowledge

RRL: Purpose

Help improve the methods and instruments for the purposed studies, learning from the best practices

Provide a general background for the research

Justify replication of previous studies Avoid duplication

RRL: Purpose

Confirm, support, or even challenge the findings of other studies

Help build the theoretical or conceptual framework of the proposed study, and

Locate possible sources of other relevant materials by looking at the list of references of previous studies

RRL: Types

Conceptual Review Non-research reference materials

written by authorities on the subject which embody experiences, viewpoints and interpretations of the subject of the research study

Sources: encyclopedia, books, commentaries, publications

Conceptual Literature

“Motivation and Reward System in Relation to the Clinical Attitude and Behavior of Nurses”

Merit System Motivation: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ranking and Promotion Salaries and Privileges Recognition and Rewards

RRL: Types

Research Literature Consists of studies and researches or

theses and dissertations, published or unpublished, which have a bearing on the current research

RRL: Types

Research Literature Only research literature which are

related in purpose, method, or findings to the current study should be included in the review. The discussion should be in the form of a brief critical analysis of the purposes, method of the study, principal findings, and conclusions.

Research Literature

“Motivation and Reward System in Relation to the Clinical Attitude and Behavior of Nurses”

Humanistic Factors Recognition/Reward for Efficient

Performance Attitudes and Behavior of Nurses in

Hospitals

RRL: Sources

Primary Source- Information and data for the review are

taken directly from the original research or author of the ref. mat. Nursing Literature Theories Ideas from other Sources Empirical Studies

RRL: Sources

Secondary Source- Materials for the review are taken from

a researcher/author who cited the original author in his work Replications Thesis review Review of Related Research Thesis Critique

RRL: Preparation

Visit the Library and Gather Pertinent Materials for Review Facts, statistics, findings or previous

researchers Theories, principles and concepts Methods, techniques & procedures Opinions, belief or points of view Perceptions, clinical impressions &

interpretations of needs & problems

RRL: Preparation

Organizing the Review Consolidating ideas from various

sources coherently in order to develop a meaningful RRL

RRL: Preparation

Note-taking and Documentation Summarizing Quoting Paraphrasing Acknowledging sources of data

Presenting the Contents of the Review Take note of the Fallacies in RRL

Example (In-text Citations)

The beneficial effects of enteral feeding for stimulating the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreducing infections and metabolic complications have been reported (Kirby et al., 1995).

Example (In-text Citations)

Kirby et al. (1995) reported the beneficial effects of enteral feeding for stimulating the growth and motility ofthe gastrointestinal tract and for reducing infections and metabolic complications.

Example (In-text Citations)

According to Kirby et al. (1995), the beneficial effects of enteral feeding is for stimulating the growth and motility of the gastrointestinal tract and for reducing infections and metabolic complications.

Example (In-text Citations)

The beneficial effects of enteral feeding (Kirby et al., 1995) is for stimulating the growth and motility of the gastrointestinal tract and reducing infections and metabolic complications have been reported.

Example (In-text Citations)

The beneficial effects of enteral feeding, as reported by Kirby et al. (1995), is stimulating the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreducing infections and metabolic complications.

Example (In-text Citations)

The beneficial effects of enteral feeding have been reported by Kirby et al. (1995). It stimulates the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreduced the infections and metabolic complications.

Example (In-text Citations)

Personal Communication:The beneficial effects of enteral

feeding is to stimulates the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreduces infections and metabolic Complications (Kirby et al., personnal communication, 2009)

metaSEARCH THE SEARCH ENGINES

http://www.metacrawler.com/

WebCrawler www.webcrawler.com

search.com http://www.search.com

DoGPILE www.dogpile.com

Vivisimo http://vivisimo.com/

Mamma http://mamma.com

KartOO http://www.kartoo.com/

SurfWax http://www.surfwax.com

ICEROCKET http://www.icerocket.com/

info.com http://www.info.com/

INfoGrid http://www.infogrid.com/

IZito http;//www.izito.com/

Example (Reference Citations) Books and Monographs (Single author)

Surname, Initials (Year). Title. Publisher, Edition, Year Published

Marieb, E. (2006). Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. C&E Publishing, 2008

Books and Monographs (2 or more authors)

Surname, Initials, Surname, Initials (Year). Title. Publisher, Edition, Year Published

Manlapaz, E.Z. & Francisco, M.E. (2005). The New Anvil Guide to Research: Paper Writing. Anvil Publishing, 2008

Example (Reference Citations) Journal (Single/Multiple Author/s)

Surname, Initials (Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, Volume No.(Series No.): Page Number/s

Reballos, C.A.F., Bendo, J.P., & Gloriani, L.E. (2007). Toxicity and Subacute Toxicity of Virgin Coconut Oil Among Albino Rats (Rattus sp). Journal of Philippine Science, 154(3): 34 – 41

Example (Reference Citations) Masteral’s Thesis/Dissertations

Surname, Initials (Year). Title of Thesis/Dissertation. Unpublsihed undergraduate/masterate thesis/doctoral dissertation. University Name/College Name.

Reballos, C.A.F. (2009). Interactions of Monosodium Glutamate and Vitamins A and C in the Bioavailability of Iron Among Iron-Deficient Anemic Albino Rats. Unpublished masterate thesis. De La Salle University-Dasmariñas.

Example (Reference Citations) Dictionary

Title of Dictionary (Edition).(Year). Place of Publishing: Publisher.

Shorter Oxford English dictionary (5th ed.).(2002). New York: Oxford University Press.

Newspapers/Magazines/Periodical

Surname, Initials (Date). Title of Article. Name of Magazine/Periodical, Volume, Page Numbers

Thomas, E. & Hosenball, M. (2004, May 31). Bush's Mr. Wrong: The Rise and Fall of Chalabi. Newsweek, 143, 22–32.

Example (Reference Citations) Classroom Lecture

Darling, C.W. (2004, April). Images at Work in the Poetry of William Carlos Williams. Outline presented in a classroom lecture at Capital Community College, Hartford, CT.

Electronic and Online Sources

UNICEF/UNU/WHO (2001). Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention, and control. WHO/NHD/01.3 Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int

Example (Reference Citations) Book without Author/Editor

Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (1961). Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam.

PAHO/CDC/MOD/UNICEF/INTA (2003) Flour fortification with iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Regional Meeting Report. Santiago, Chile.

FNRI (2002) Recommended energy and nutrient intakes (RENI) Philippines, 2002 Ed. RENI Committee, Task Forces and FNRI-DOST Secretariat

Australian Glutamate Information Service (2007) MSG. www.msg.org.au