Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev. 2 Statistics … · 2016-10-05 · Figure 2: Relative importance of enterprise size classes, food and beverage service activities

Food and beverageservices statistics - NACE

Rev 2 Statistics Explained

Source Statistics Explained (httpeppeurostateceuropaeustatisticsexplained) - 05102016 1

Data extracted in October 2015 Most recent data Further Eurostat information Main tables and Database

This article presents an overview of statistics for the food and beverage services sector in the European Union(EU) as covered by NACE Rev 2 Division 56

Table 1 Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012- Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Figure 1 Sectoral analysis of food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) EU-282012 (1)( share of sectoral total) - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 2a Sectoral analysis of key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division56) EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 2b Sectoral analysis of key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division56) EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 3 Largest and most specialised Member States in food and beverage service activities(NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012 (1) - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 4a Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) 2012 - SourceEurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 2

Table 4b Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) 2012 - SourceEurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 5 Key size class indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56)EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 3

Figure 2 Relative importance of enterprise size classes food and beverage service activities(NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012 (1)( share of sectoral total) - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Table 6a Employment by enterprise size class food and beverage service activities (NACEDivision 56) 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 4

Table 6b Value added by enterprise size class food and beverage service activities (NACEDivision 56) 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Main statistical findingsStructural profileThere were about 15 million enterprises that reported having food and beverage services (Division 56) as theirprincipal activity in the EU-28 in 2012 They employed 80 million persons equivalent to 60 of the totalnumber of persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95)and just over three quarters (768 ) of those employed within accommodation and food services (Section I)The food and beverage services sector generated EUR 1432 billion of value added which was equivalent to 23 of the non-financial business economy total or two thirds (671 ) of the accommodation and food services total

With a higher share of the non-financial business economy workforce than of its value added in 2012 theapparent labour productivity of the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 was at EUR 180 thou-sand per person employed considerably below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 462 thousandper person employed and also below the EUR 200 thousand per person employed average for accommodationand food services Indeed this was the lowest level of apparent labour productivity among any of the NACEdivisions that compose the non-financial business economy Note that this indicator is based on a head countof employment and that there is a relatively high propensity to employ persons on a part-time basis within thefood and beverage services sector mdash as such a simple count of employment is likely to over-state labour inputresulting in a comparatively low apparent labour productivity ratio

Average personnel costs within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector were also very low when comparedwith other activities EUR 156 thousand per employee for the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in2012 compared with an average of EUR 324 thousand per employee for the whole of the non-financial businesseconomy As such food and beverage services recorded the second lowest level of average personnel costs peremployee across those NACE divisions that constitute the non-financial business economy higher only thanwearing apparel manufacturing (Division 14)

The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio combines the two previous indicators and shows the extent towhich value added per person employed covers average personnel costs per employee Given that this indicatoris based on expenditure rather than a headcount of labour input it is more relevant for comparisons across activ-ities or countries where there are different incidences of part-time employment or self-employment Neverthelessthe EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector reported a relatively low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 5

of 1150 in 2012 compared with the non-financial business economy average of 1427 Indeed this was thetenth lowest value for the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio across the NACE divisions that compose thenon-financial business economy

The gross operating rate shows the relationship between the gross operating surplus and turnover The grossoperating rate for the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 was 118 which was slightly higherthan the non-financial business economy average (94 )

Sectoral analysisMore than half (568 ) of all the enterprises within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector were classifiedas belonging to the restaurants and mobile food services (Group 561) subsector Beverage serving activities(Group 563) accounted for the vast majority of the remaining enterprises (384 ) while the event cateringand other food services (Group 562) subsector accounted for less than 50 of the enterprises in the food andbeverage services sector

In output terms the relative importance of restaurants and mobile food services was even greater accountingfor 624 of sectoral value added in the EU-28 around 28 times as high as the share for beverage servingactivities (221 ) while the share for event catering and other food services was 155 The distribution ofemployment between the three different subsectors showed that restaurants and mobile food services accountedfor 616 of the sectoral workforce while 252 of the workforce was engaged within beverage serving activi-ties and some 131 within event catering and other food services

The low apparent labour productivity for the whole of the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector waspulled downwards in particular by beverage serving activities where apparent labour productivity was EUR160 thousand per person employed in 2012 This low level of apparent labour productivity was just above onethird of the non-financial business economy average (EUR 462 thousand per person employed) and resulted inbeverage serving activities recording the second lowest level of productivity (using this measure) across any ofthe NACE groups that compose the non-financial business economy higher only than for retail sale via stallsand markets (Group 478)

Average personnel costs per employee stood at EUR 197 thousand per employee for the EU-28rsquos event cateringand other food service activities subsector in 2012 EUR 154 thousand per employee for restaurants and mobilefood service activities and EUR 131 thousand per employee for beverage serving activities As such beverageserving activities recorded the lowest level of average personnel costs among any of the NACE groups in thenon-financial business economy All three food and beverage services subsectors were ranked within the bottom20 NACE groups as restaurants and mobile food service activities occupied the third lowest position and eventcatering and other food service activities the sixteenth lowest position

The food and beverage services sector reported a relatively low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in2012 and this was repeated across each of the three subsectors Furthermore the individual ratios were withina relatively narrow range from 1070 for the EU-28rsquos event catering and other food service activities to 1200 for beverage serving activities All three ratios were considerably below the average wage-adjusted labourproductivity ratio for the non-financial business economy (1427 )

For the gross operating rate there were two food and beverage services subsectors that reported rates abovethe EU-28 non-financial business economy average (94 ) in 2012 This was the case for beverage servingactivities (158 ) and for restaurants and mobile food service activities (119 ) while the gross operatingrate for event catering and other food service activities (52 ) was only slightly above half of the non-financialbusiness economy average

Country analysisThe United Kingdom had the highest level of value added among the EU Member States for the food andbeverage services sector in 2012 accounting for a 215 share of the EU-28 total France (175 ) Germany(147 ) Italy (126 ) and Spain (111 ) all reported double-digit shares of EU-28 value added while thenext highest share was recorded by the Netherlands (44 ) These five Member States collectively contributed

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 6

774 of the EU-28rsquos value added in the food and beverage services sector 64 percentage points more thantheir share within the non-financial business economy as a whole In employment terms this unusually highconcentration in the largest EU Member States was even more visible as 721 of the food and beverageservices workforce were employed in these five Member States compared with a 638 share for the whole ofthe non-financial business economy

The relatively high share of EU-28 value added for the United Kingdom in the food and beverage servicessector could be attributed to beverage serving activities and event catering and other food service activitiessubsectors where the United Kingdom had the highest shares of EU-28 value added (314 and 244 respec-tively) in 2012 France recorded the highest share of EU-28 value added within the beverage serving activitiessubsector over one fifth (214 ) of the EU-28rsquos added value

In terms of relative specialisation the food and beverage services sector accounted for as much as 65 ofnational non-financial business economy value added in Cyprus in 2012 this was 28 times as high as theEU-28 average At the other end of the range the food and beverage services sector accounted for 07 ofnon-financial business economy added value in Poland and Romania in Hungary and Lithuania its share wasaround 10 Within beverage serving activities the highest degrees of specialisation were recorded in SpainCyprus Portugal and the United Kingdom where the contribution to non-financial business economy was atleast twice as high as the EU-28 average

Most EU Member States reported low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for food and beverage ser-vices in 2012 with the highest ratio being registered for Slovakia (1935 ) There were six Member States thatrecorded ratios below 100 namely Portugal Croatia Italy Spain Hungary and Greece where the lowestratio was recorded (484 ) mdash as such apparent labour productivity in these countries did not cover averagepersonnel costs The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the food and beverage services sector waslower than the non-financial business economy average in every EU Member State in 2012 except for Slovakiaand Cyprus

Size class analysisIn comparison with the non-financial business economy as a whole the food and beverage services sector re-ported a relatively important role for micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons) There were 14million micro enterprises active within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 Together theygenerated EUR 593 billion of added value and employed 38 million persons As such they accounted for a 414 share of value added within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector and a 474 share of employmentthe equivalent shares for the non-financial business economy as a whole were 210 and 292 respectivelySmall enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons) also made a substantial contribution to the food and beverageservices sector employing 276 of the workforce and providing 257 of total value added 69 and 75percentage points higher than the equivalent non-financial business economy averages for small enterprises

Micro enterprises provided more than 250 of the food and beverage services workforce in all EU Mem-ber States (with data available) except for the United Kingdom The employment share of micro enterprisespeaked at 845 for Greece The workforce share of small enterprises peaked at 421 in Lithuania andexceeded one third in another six Member States Medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons)employed less than one tenth of the food and beverage services sectorrsquos workforce in around half of the MemberStates and the employment share of this size class peaked at 331 in Malta As for the accommodationservices sector the United Kingdom stood out in the food and beverage services sector with large enterprisesemploying 405 of the sectoral workforce around 25 times the EU-28 average (164 ) and nearly doublethe 212 share recorded for Finland which was the only other Member State (with data available) where theshare exceeded one fifth

Data sources and availabilityThe analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) andsize class data all of which are published annually

The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 7

at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE Data are available for a wide range of variables

In structural business statistics size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed A limitedset of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example the number of enterprises turnoverpersons employed and value added) are analysed by size class mostly down to the three-digit (group) level ofNACE The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are

bull small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with 1 to 249 persons employed further divided into

ndash micro enterprises with less than 10 persons employedndash small enterprises with 10 to 49 persons employedndash medium-sized enterprises with 50 to 249 persons employed

bull large enterprises with 250 or more persons employed

ContextThis article presents an overview of statistics for the food and beverage services sector in the EU as coveredby NACE Rev 2 Division 56 This division includes food and beverage serving activities providing completemeals or drinks fit for immediate consumption whether in traditional restaurants self-service establishmentsor take-away restaurants whether as permanent or temporary stands with or without seating The most im-portant factor used to determine whether an enterprise should be classified under this heading is that mealsthat are produced are fit for immediate consumption rather than any selection being made upon the basis ofthe kind of facility producing them

Restaurants and mobile food service activities include restaurants cafeterias fast-food restaurants food deliv-ery services (such as pizza) take-out eating places ice cream van vendors mobile food carts food preparationin market stalls restaurant and bar activities connected to transportation (for example on boats or trains)when carried out separately from the provision of transport services

Event catering activities include the provision of food services based on contractual arrangements with thecustomer at the location specified by the customer for a specific event Other food services include industrialcatering in other words the provision of food services based on contractual arrangements with the customerfor a specific period of time examples are the operation of canteens or cafeterias in factories offices hospitalsor schools as well as the operation of food concessions at sports and similar facilities

Beverage serving activities include preparing and serving beverages for immediate consumption on the premisesIncluded are bars taverns cocktail lounges coffee shops fruit juice bars mobile beverage vendors

This NACE division is composed of three groups

bull restaurants and mobile food service activities (Group 561)

bull event catering and other food service activities (Group 562)

bull beverage serving activities (Group 563)

The information presented in this article excludes the production of meals not fit for immediate consumptionor not planned to be consumed immediately as well as prepared food which is not considered to be a meal(these activities are covered within Divisions 10 and 11 and are included within the NACE as part of themanufacture of food products and the manufacture of beverages) The sale of not self-manufactured food whichis not considered to be a meal as well as the sale of meals which are not fit for immediate consumption arealso excluded from the statistics that are presented in this article These activities are classified as part of thereselling of packagedprepared beverages and the retail sale of food or beverages through vending machinesthese are classified to Divisions 46 and 47 ( wholesale and retail trade)

See alsobull Accommodation and food service activities

bull Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev 2 sector

bull Structural business statistics introduced

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 8

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull European business - facts and figures (online publication)

bull Key figures on European Business ndash with a special feature section on SMEs ndash 2011 edition

Main tablesbull Structural business statistics (tsbs)

Databasebull Structural business statistics (sbs) see

SBS ndash services (sbsserv)

Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbsnaserv)

Annual detailed enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev 2 H-N and S95) (sbsna1aser2)

SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - services (sbsscsc)

Services by employment size class (NACE Rev 2 H-N and S95) (sbssc1bser2)

SBS - regional data - all activities (sbsr)

SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbsrnuts06r2)

Dedicated sectionbull Structural business statistics

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Food and beverage services (NACE Rev 2) tables and figures

Other informationbull Decision 15782007EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012

bull Regulation 2952008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics

External linksbull European Commission ndash Internal market Industry Entrepreneurship and SMErsquos see

bull Tourism

bull Single market for services

bull European Environment Agency see

bull Tourism

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 9

Data extracted in October 2015 Most recent data Further Eurostat information Main tables and Database

This article presents an overview of statistics for the food and beverage services sector in the European Union(EU) as covered by NACE Rev 2 Division 56

Table 1 Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012- Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Figure 1 Sectoral analysis of food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) EU-282012 (1)( share of sectoral total) - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 2a Sectoral analysis of key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division56) EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 10

Table 2b Sectoral analysis of key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division56) EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 3 Largest and most specialised Member States in food and beverage service activities(NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012 (1) - Source Eurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 4a Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) 2012 - SourceEurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 11

Table 4b Key indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56) 2012 - SourceEurostat (sbsna1aser2)

Table 5 Key size class indicators food and beverage service activities (NACE Division 56)EU-28 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 12

Figure 2 Relative importance of enterprise size classes food and beverage service activities(NACE Division 56) EU-28 2012 (1)( share of sectoral total) - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Table 6a Employment by enterprise size class food and beverage service activities (NACEDivision 56) 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 13

Table 6b Value added by enterprise size class food and beverage service activities (NACEDivision 56) 2012 - Source Eurostat (sbssc1bser2)

Main statistical findingsStructural profileThere were about 15 million enterprises that reported having food and beverage services (Division 56) as theirprincipal activity in the EU-28 in 2012 They employed 80 million persons equivalent to 60 of the totalnumber of persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95)and just over three quarters (768 ) of those employed within accommodation and food services (Section I)The food and beverage services sector generated EUR 1432 billion of value added which was equivalent to 23 of the non-financial business economy total or two thirds (671 ) of the accommodation and food services total

With a higher share of the non-financial business economy workforce than of its value added in 2012 theapparent labour productivity of the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 was at EUR 180 thou-sand per person employed considerably below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 462 thousandper person employed and also below the EUR 200 thousand per person employed average for accommodationand food services Indeed this was the lowest level of apparent labour productivity among any of the NACEdivisions that compose the non-financial business economy Note that this indicator is based on a head countof employment and that there is a relatively high propensity to employ persons on a part-time basis within thefood and beverage services sector mdash as such a simple count of employment is likely to over-state labour inputresulting in a comparatively low apparent labour productivity ratio

Average personnel costs within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector were also very low when comparedwith other activities EUR 156 thousand per employee for the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in2012 compared with an average of EUR 324 thousand per employee for the whole of the non-financial businesseconomy As such food and beverage services recorded the second lowest level of average personnel costs peremployee across those NACE divisions that constitute the non-financial business economy higher only thanwearing apparel manufacturing (Division 14)

The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio combines the two previous indicators and shows the extent towhich value added per person employed covers average personnel costs per employee Given that this indicatoris based on expenditure rather than a headcount of labour input it is more relevant for comparisons across activ-ities or countries where there are different incidences of part-time employment or self-employment Neverthelessthe EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector reported a relatively low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 14

of 1150 in 2012 compared with the non-financial business economy average of 1427 Indeed this was thetenth lowest value for the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio across the NACE divisions that compose thenon-financial business economy

The gross operating rate shows the relationship between the gross operating surplus and turnover The grossoperating rate for the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 was 118 which was slightly higherthan the non-financial business economy average (94 )

Sectoral analysisMore than half (568 ) of all the enterprises within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector were classifiedas belonging to the restaurants and mobile food services (Group 561) subsector Beverage serving activities(Group 563) accounted for the vast majority of the remaining enterprises (384 ) while the event cateringand other food services (Group 562) subsector accounted for less than 50 of the enterprises in the food andbeverage services sector

In output terms the relative importance of restaurants and mobile food services was even greater accountingfor 624 of sectoral value added in the EU-28 around 28 times as high as the share for beverage servingactivities (221 ) while the share for event catering and other food services was 155 The distribution ofemployment between the three different subsectors showed that restaurants and mobile food services accountedfor 616 of the sectoral workforce while 252 of the workforce was engaged within beverage serving activi-ties and some 131 within event catering and other food services

The low apparent labour productivity for the whole of the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector waspulled downwards in particular by beverage serving activities where apparent labour productivity was EUR160 thousand per person employed in 2012 This low level of apparent labour productivity was just above onethird of the non-financial business economy average (EUR 462 thousand per person employed) and resulted inbeverage serving activities recording the second lowest level of productivity (using this measure) across any ofthe NACE groups that compose the non-financial business economy higher only than for retail sale via stallsand markets (Group 478)

Average personnel costs per employee stood at EUR 197 thousand per employee for the EU-28rsquos event cateringand other food service activities subsector in 2012 EUR 154 thousand per employee for restaurants and mobilefood service activities and EUR 131 thousand per employee for beverage serving activities As such beverageserving activities recorded the lowest level of average personnel costs among any of the NACE groups in thenon-financial business economy All three food and beverage services subsectors were ranked within the bottom20 NACE groups as restaurants and mobile food service activities occupied the third lowest position and eventcatering and other food service activities the sixteenth lowest position

The food and beverage services sector reported a relatively low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in2012 and this was repeated across each of the three subsectors Furthermore the individual ratios were withina relatively narrow range from 1070 for the EU-28rsquos event catering and other food service activities to 1200 for beverage serving activities All three ratios were considerably below the average wage-adjusted labourproductivity ratio for the non-financial business economy (1427 )

For the gross operating rate there were two food and beverage services subsectors that reported rates abovethe EU-28 non-financial business economy average (94 ) in 2012 This was the case for beverage servingactivities (158 ) and for restaurants and mobile food service activities (119 ) while the gross operatingrate for event catering and other food service activities (52 ) was only slightly above half of the non-financialbusiness economy average

Country analysisThe United Kingdom had the highest level of value added among the EU Member States for the food andbeverage services sector in 2012 accounting for a 215 share of the EU-28 total France (175 ) Germany(147 ) Italy (126 ) and Spain (111 ) all reported double-digit shares of EU-28 value added while thenext highest share was recorded by the Netherlands (44 ) These five Member States collectively contributed

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 15

774 of the EU-28rsquos value added in the food and beverage services sector 64 percentage points more thantheir share within the non-financial business economy as a whole In employment terms this unusually highconcentration in the largest EU Member States was even more visible as 721 of the food and beverageservices workforce were employed in these five Member States compared with a 638 share for the whole ofthe non-financial business economy

The relatively high share of EU-28 value added for the United Kingdom in the food and beverage servicessector could be attributed to beverage serving activities and event catering and other food service activitiessubsectors where the United Kingdom had the highest shares of EU-28 value added (314 and 244 respec-tively) in 2012 France recorded the highest share of EU-28 value added within the beverage serving activitiessubsector over one fifth (214 ) of the EU-28rsquos added value

In terms of relative specialisation the food and beverage services sector accounted for as much as 65 ofnational non-financial business economy value added in Cyprus in 2012 this was 28 times as high as theEU-28 average At the other end of the range the food and beverage services sector accounted for 07 ofnon-financial business economy added value in Poland and Romania in Hungary and Lithuania its share wasaround 10 Within beverage serving activities the highest degrees of specialisation were recorded in SpainCyprus Portugal and the United Kingdom where the contribution to non-financial business economy was atleast twice as high as the EU-28 average

Most EU Member States reported low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for food and beverage ser-vices in 2012 with the highest ratio being registered for Slovakia (1935 ) There were six Member States thatrecorded ratios below 100 namely Portugal Croatia Italy Spain Hungary and Greece where the lowestratio was recorded (484 ) mdash as such apparent labour productivity in these countries did not cover averagepersonnel costs The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the food and beverage services sector waslower than the non-financial business economy average in every EU Member State in 2012 except for Slovakiaand Cyprus

Size class analysisIn comparison with the non-financial business economy as a whole the food and beverage services sector re-ported a relatively important role for micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons) There were 14million micro enterprises active within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector in 2012 Together theygenerated EUR 593 billion of added value and employed 38 million persons As such they accounted for a 414 share of value added within the EU-28rsquos food and beverage services sector and a 474 share of employmentthe equivalent shares for the non-financial business economy as a whole were 210 and 292 respectivelySmall enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons) also made a substantial contribution to the food and beverageservices sector employing 276 of the workforce and providing 257 of total value added 69 and 75percentage points higher than the equivalent non-financial business economy averages for small enterprises

Micro enterprises provided more than 250 of the food and beverage services workforce in all EU Mem-ber States (with data available) except for the United Kingdom The employment share of micro enterprisespeaked at 845 for Greece The workforce share of small enterprises peaked at 421 in Lithuania andexceeded one third in another six Member States Medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons)employed less than one tenth of the food and beverage services sectorrsquos workforce in around half of the MemberStates and the employment share of this size class peaked at 331 in Malta As for the accommodationservices sector the United Kingdom stood out in the food and beverage services sector with large enterprisesemploying 405 of the sectoral workforce around 25 times the EU-28 average (164 ) and nearly doublethe 212 share recorded for Finland which was the only other Member State (with data available) where theshare exceeded one fifth

Data sources and availabilityThe analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) andsize class data all of which are published annually

The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 16

at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE Data are available for a wide range of variables

In structural business statistics size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed A limitedset of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example the number of enterprises turnoverpersons employed and value added) are analysed by size class mostly down to the three-digit (group) level ofNACE The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are

bull small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with 1 to 249 persons employed further divided into

ndash micro enterprises with less than 10 persons employedndash small enterprises with 10 to 49 persons employedndash medium-sized enterprises with 50 to 249 persons employed

bull large enterprises with 250 or more persons employed

ContextThis article presents an overview of statistics for the food and beverage services sector in the EU as coveredby NACE Rev 2 Division 56 This division includes food and beverage serving activities providing completemeals or drinks fit for immediate consumption whether in traditional restaurants self-service establishmentsor take-away restaurants whether as permanent or temporary stands with or without seating The most im-portant factor used to determine whether an enterprise should be classified under this heading is that mealsthat are produced are fit for immediate consumption rather than any selection being made upon the basis ofthe kind of facility producing them

Restaurants and mobile food service activities include restaurants cafeterias fast-food restaurants food deliv-ery services (such as pizza) take-out eating places ice cream van vendors mobile food carts food preparationin market stalls restaurant and bar activities connected to transportation (for example on boats or trains)when carried out separately from the provision of transport services

Event catering activities include the provision of food services based on contractual arrangements with thecustomer at the location specified by the customer for a specific event Other food services include industrialcatering in other words the provision of food services based on contractual arrangements with the customerfor a specific period of time examples are the operation of canteens or cafeterias in factories offices hospitalsor schools as well as the operation of food concessions at sports and similar facilities

Beverage serving activities include preparing and serving beverages for immediate consumption on the premisesIncluded are bars taverns cocktail lounges coffee shops fruit juice bars mobile beverage vendors

This NACE division is composed of three groups

bull restaurants and mobile food service activities (Group 561)

bull event catering and other food service activities (Group 562)

bull beverage serving activities (Group 563)

The information presented in this article excludes the production of meals not fit for immediate consumptionor not planned to be consumed immediately as well as prepared food which is not considered to be a meal(these activities are covered within Divisions 10 and 11 and are included within the NACE as part of themanufacture of food products and the manufacture of beverages) The sale of not self-manufactured food whichis not considered to be a meal as well as the sale of meals which are not fit for immediate consumption arealso excluded from the statistics that are presented in this article These activities are classified as part of thereselling of packagedprepared beverages and the retail sale of food or beverages through vending machinesthese are classified to Divisions 46 and 47 ( wholesale and retail trade)

See alsobull Accommodation and food service activities

bull Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev 2 sector

bull Structural business statistics introduced

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 17

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull European business - facts and figures (online publication)

bull Key figures on European Business ndash with a special feature section on SMEs ndash 2011 edition

Main tablesbull Structural business statistics (tsbs)

Databasebull Structural business statistics (sbs) see

SBS ndash services (sbsserv)

Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbsnaserv)

Annual detailed enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev 2 H-N and S95) (sbsna1aser2)

SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - services (sbsscsc)

Services by employment size class (NACE Rev 2 H-N and S95) (sbssc1bser2)

SBS - regional data - all activities (sbsr)

SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbsrnuts06r2)

Dedicated sectionbull Structural business statistics

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Food and beverage services (NACE Rev 2) tables and figures

Other informationbull Decision 15782007EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012

bull Regulation 2952008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics

External linksbull European Commission ndash Internal market Industry Entrepreneurship and SMErsquos see

bull Tourism

bull Single market for services

bull European Environment Agency see

bull Tourism

Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev 2 18