Fireman Clothing
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FIREMAN
CLOTH
Biomaterial Engineering
Group IP #5
31 October 2012
The Materials
Behind It
THE FULL CLOTHING OF A FIREMAN
1. Hood 4. Insulated pants 5. Boots 6. Helmet 7. Goggle 11. Insulated leather gloves
12. Insulated coat 13. Positive-pressure mask 14. Respirator
Kevlar ©
Aka Poly-para-phenylene
terephthalamide
Para-amid (aromatic
polyamide) synthetic
fiber polymer
Created by Stephanie
Kwolek in 1965 at
DuPont
Synthesized in solution
from 1,4-phenylene-
diamine and
terephthaloyl chloride in
condensation reaction
[-CO-C6H4-CO-NH-C6H4-NH-]n
Kevlar ©
Characteristics
Strong but relatively light (tensile strength: 3620 Mpa)
Specific gravity: 1.45
Does not melt like usual plastic
Decomposes only at about 450°C
“Cryogenically stronger” – strongest at -196°C
Resists attacks from acid, base and chemicals (long exposure
will degrades)
Long exposure to UV causes degradation
Properties unaffected by water
Can be ignited but can be put out quite easily
Kevlar ©
Other Applications:
Cryogenic study
Armor, helmets, ballistic
face masks, bullet vest
Parts and components of
bicycle and canoe
Motorcyclist safety
clothing
Nike shoe and socks >>
Elite II series
Batman suits
Nomex ©
Aka Poly-meta-
phenylene
isophthalamide
Meta-amid (aromatic
polyamide) synthetic
fiber polymer
Created by Dr Wilfred
Sweeny in 1967 at
DuPont
Synthesized from 1,3-
diamonobenzene and
isophthaloyl chloride in
condensation reaction
[-CO-C6H4-CO-NH-C6H4-NH-]n
Characteristics
Tough, woven structure that is strong and light (slightly lower
than Kevlar)
Specific gravity: 1.38
High heat resistant and poor electricity conductor
Does not melt at high temperature
Resists attacks from acid, base and chemicals (better than
Kevlar)
Better resistance against UV light
Does not react with water
Can be ignited but can be put out easily
Nomex ©
Nomex ©
Other Applications:
Fire and heat barrier suits for
astronauts and racing drivers
Electrical insulator for electrical
equipments like motor, generator
and transformer
Honeycomb-structured paper
Polybenzimidazole
Aka PBI
Synthetic fiber polymer
Synthesized from
3,3’,4,4’-
tetraaminobiphenyl and
diphenyl isophthaloyl in
step-growthreaction
(C20N4H12)n
Characteristics
Strong and light (but lower than Kevlar and Nomex)
Tensile strength: 160 MPa
Specific gravity: 1.30
High heat resistant and low electricity conductor
Mildly resist attacks from acid, base and chemicals
Better resistance against UV light than Kevlar and Nomex
Does not react with water
Does not readily ignite
Polybenzimidazole
Other Applications:
Aircraft wall fabric
High temperature protective gloves
Welder’s apparel
Braided packing
Polybenzimidazole
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