Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment - firecats.biz Fighter Tools and Equipment. 8 Objectives (1 of 5) • Describe the general purposes of tools and equipment. • Describe the safety
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8
Fire Fighter
Tools and
Equipment
8
Objectives (1 of 5)
• Describe the general purposes of tools
and equipment.
• Describe the safety considerations for the • Describe the safety considerations for the
use of tools and equipment.
• Describe why it is important to use tools
and equipment effectively.
• Describe why it is important to know where
tools are stored.
8
Objectives (2 of 5)
• List and describe tools and equipment that
are used for rotating.
• List and describe tools and equipment that • List and describe tools and equipment that
are used for pushing or pulling.
• List and describe tools and equipment that
are used for prying or spreading.
8
Objectives (3 of 5)
• List and describe tools and equipment that
are used for striking.
• List and describe tools and equipment that • List and describe tools and equipment that
are used for cutting.
• Describe the tools used in response and
scene size-up activities.
8
Objectives (4 of 5)
• Describe the tools used in a forcible entry.
• Describe the tools used during an interior
attack.attack.
• Describe the tools used in search and
rescue operations.
• Describe ventilation tools.
8
Objectives (5 of 5)
• Describe the hand tools needed during an
overhaul assignment.
• Describe the importance of properly • Describe the importance of properly
maintaining tools and equipment.
• Describe how to clean and inspect hand
tools.
• Describe how to maintain power plants
and power tools.
8
Introduction
• Tools are used for a wide range of
activities.
• Fire fighters must know how to use tools • Fire fighters must know how to use tools
and equipment
– Effectively
– Efficiently
– Safely
– In dark, limited visibility environments
8
General Considerations
• Hand tools
– Extend or multiply body actions
– Increase task effectiveness– Increase task effectiveness
– Use simple machine principles
• Power tools
– Powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines
– Faster and more efficient
8
Safety
• Safety is the prime consideration for use of
tools and equipment.
• Safe equipment avoids accidental injury • Safe equipment avoids accidental injury
to:
– Fire fighters
– Other responders
– Victims
– Bystanders
8
Safe Operation Requires PPE
• Approved helmet
• Firefighting hood
• Eye protection
• Bunker pants
• Boots
• Self-contained • Eye protection
• Face shield
• Gloves
• Turnout coats
• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
• Personal alert safety system (PASS)
8
Conditions of Use/
Operating Conditions• Learning under optimal conditions.
• As proficiency increases, practice under
more realistic conditions.more realistic conditions.
• Eventually, be able to use tools with no
visibility.
• Requires ability to work safely in noise and
around other activities
8
Effective and Efficient Use (1 of 2)
• Use the least amount of energy to
accomplish the task.
• Objective is to complete task safely and • Objective is to complete task safely and
quickly.
• Many are surprised by the strength and
energy required for tasks.
• You will learn which tools are used during
various fire-ground operations.
8
Effective and Efficient Use (2 of 2)
• Fire department may have standard
operating guidelines specify tools and
equipment needed for specific situationsequipment needed for specific situations
• Some carry a selection of tools and
equipment in the pockets of bunker pants.
8
Functions (1 of 3)
• Rotating (assembly or disassembly)
• Pushing or pulling
• Prying or spreading• Prying or spreading
• Striking
• Cutting
• Multiple use
8
Functions (2 of 3)
8
Functions (3 of 3)
8
Rotating Tools (1 of 2)
• Apply rotational force to turn
• Most common are • Most common are screwdrivers, wrenches, and pliers
• Apparatus carry tool kits with a wide selection
8
Rotating Tools (2 of 2)
• Various sizes and types of screw heads
• Spanner wrenches • Spanner wrenches are used for couplings.
• Hydrant wrenches are used for hydrants.
8
Common Rotating Tools
• Box-end wrenches
• Gripping pliers
• Hydrant wrenches
• Pipe wrenches
• Screwdrivers
• Socket wrenches• Hydrant wrenches
• Open-end
wrenches
• Socket wrenches
• Spanner wrenches
8
Pushing/Pulling Tools
• Extend fire fighter’s reach
• Increase the power • Increase the power exerted on an object
• Many different uses in fire department operations
8
Pike Pole (1 of 2)
• Wood or fiberglass pole with sharpened
point metal head attached to one end
• Primarily used to pull down ceilings• Primarily used to pull down ceilings
• Available in different sizes, handles, and
head configurations
8
Pike Pole (2 of 2)
• Most common size: 4' to 6' for use on 10' ceilings
• Head designs vary for different ceiling types.
8
Common Pushing/Pulling
Tools• Ceiling hook
• Clemens hook
• Drywall hook• Drywall hook
• Multipurpose hook
• Pike pole
• Plaster hook
• Roofman’s hook
• San Francisco hook
8
Prying/Spreading Tools
• May be as simple as a pry bar or complex as a hydraulic spreaderspreader
• There are many variations.
8
Common Prying/Spreading
Tools (1 of 2)
• Claw bar
• Crowbar
• Flat bar• Flat bar
• Halligan tool
• Hux bar
• Kelly tool
• Pry bar
8
Common Prying/Spreading
Tools (2 of 2)
8
Striking Tools
• Used to apply impact force
• Used to gain entry or • Used to gain entry or make openings
8
Common Striking Tools (1 of 2)
• Hammer
• Mallet
• Sledgehammer
• Pick-head axe
• Battering ram
• Chisel• Sledgehammer
• Maul
• Flat-head axe
• Chisel
• Spring-loaded
center punch
8
Common Striking Tools (2 of 2)
8
Cutting Tools
• Sharp edge to sever an object
• Range from knives to saws and torches
• Each is designed for certain materials.• Each is designed for certain materials.
• Fire fighters can be injured and tools
ruined if used incorrectly.
8
Common Cutting Tools (1 of 2)
• Axes
• Bolt cutters
• Chain saws
• Handsaws
• Hydraulic shears
• Reciprocating saws• Chain saws
• Cutting torches
• Hacksaws
• Reciprocating saws
• Rotary saws
• Seatbelt cutter
8
Common Cutting Tools (2 of 2)
8
Saws
• Two main categories
– Manual
– Mechanical
• Handsaws include
– Hacksaws
– Carpenter’s handsaw
– Keyhole saw
– Coping saw
8
Mechanical Saws
• Three main types
– Chain, rotary, reciprocating
• Faster than handsaws• Faster than handsaws
• Conserve fire fighter energy
• Requires proper training
• Heavy and sometimes hard to start
• May require an electrical connection
8
Chain Saws
• Gasoline powered or powered by electricity
• Special chains are • Special chains are good for cutting ventilation openings.
8
Rotary Saws
• Gasoline powered or electric
• Round metal blade • Round metal blade with teeth or flat, abrasive composite disk
• Choice of blade depends on type of material to be cut.
8
Reciprocating Saws
• Powered by electricity or battery
• Different blades for • Different blades for different materials
• Most commonly used to cut metal during vehicle extrication
8
Hydraulic Shears
• Requires extensive training
• Used with hydraulic spreaders and rams
for vehicle extricationfor vehicle extrication
• Quickly cuts metal posts and bars
8
Cutting Torches
• Produce extremely high-temperature flame
• Heats heavy steel objects until they melt and can be cut through (5,700 °F)
• Specialized training required
8
Multiple Function/Special-Use
Tools• Multiple-function tools
reduce the tools needed to achieve a goalgoal
• Special-use tools perform other functions:– Rakes, brooms, and
shovels for ground fires
8
Phases of Use
• Basic phase of fire suppression
– Response/size-up
– Forcible entry– Forcible entry
– Interior attack
– Search and rescue
– Rapid intervention
– Ventilation
– Overhaul
8
Response/Size-Up
• Consider information from dispatch.
– May indicate the nature and gravity of the situation and problems that might arisesituation and problems that might arise
• Begin considering tools needed.
• On arrival, company officer will size-up
and develop action plans following SOPs.
8
Forcible Entry
• Locked or blocked entries and security systems
• Typical tools for forced entry
– Axe
– Prying tool
– K tool
– Other prying tools
8
Interior Attack
• Interior attack involves multiple tasks
performed simultaneously or in rapid
succession.succession.
• Specialized tools should be carried for
particular assignments.
• A basic set of tools includes a prying,
striking, cutting, and pushing tool, and a
hand light.
8
Interior Attack Team Tools
• Interior attack team is responsible for
advancing hose lines, locating and
extinguishing the fire.extinguishing the fire.
8
Search and Rescue (1 of 2)
• Search team carries same tools as interior
attack team.
– Pushing tool (short pike pole)– Pushing tool (short pike pole)
– Prying tool (Halligan tool)
– Striking tool (Sledgehammer or flat-head axe
– Cutting tool (axe)
– Hand light
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Search and Rescue (2 of 2)
• In addition, may need closet hook, thermal imaging camera, portable lights, and portable lights, and lifelines
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Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
• Ready for immediate assistance to lost,
trapped, or injured fire fighters.
• All equipment should be staged.• All equipment should be staged.
• Special equipment includes thermal
imaging camera, portable lighting, lifelines,
prying tools, striking tools, cutting tools,
SCBA, and spare air cylinders.
8
Ventilation (1 of 2)
• Similar to forcible entry
• Power saws and axes are common
• Fans are used to remove smoke or • Fans are used to remove smoke or
introduce fresh air.
• Horizontal ventilation requires opening
doors and windows.
• Interior openings may be created.
8
Ventilation (2 of 2)
• Vertical ventilation requires openings in the roof.
• Special tools needed include positive pressure fans, exhaust fans, cutting tools, and long pike poles.
8
Overhaul (1 of 2)
• Examines fire scene to extinguish hidden
fires
• Burned debris must be removed.• Burned debris must be removed.
• Accomplished using hand tools
• Pike poles used to pull ceilings and open
walls
• Axes and saws used to open walls
8
Overhaul (2 of 2)
• Prying and striking tools used to open closed spaces
• Shovels, brooms, and rakes used to clear debris
• Thermal imaging used to “see” hot spots
8
Tools Used in Overhaul
• Pushing tools
• Prying tools
• Striking tools
• Water-removal
equipment
• Ventilation • Striking tools
• Cutting tools
• Debris-removal
tools
• Ventilation
equipment
• Portable lighting
• Thermal imaging
camera
8
Tool Staging
• Many departments have SOPs for staging
tools at scenes.
– Salvage covers at designated location for – Salvage covers at designated location for layout of commonly used tools
• SOPs specify staged tools and equipment.
• Additional personnel may transport tools to
and from staging area.
8
Maintenance (1 of 2)
• Tools and equipment must be maintained to ensure readiness.– Tools and equipment must be ready for use – Tools and equipment must be ready for use
before you respond to an emergency incident.
• Use power equipment only after you have been instructed on its use.
• Use equipment only for its intended purpose.
8
Hand Tool Maintenance
• Remove all dirt and debris.
• If appropriate, use soap and water.
• Dry tools completely.• Dry tools completely.
• Sharpen cutting tools.
• Inspect for damage.
• Avoid painting tools.
8
Power Tool “Readiness”—Fire Fighter II Standard (1 of 2)
• Remove debris, clean and dry unit.
• Fill with fresh fuel.
• Replace dull or damaged blades.• Replace dull or damaged blades.
• Inspect belts.
• Ensure guards are in place.
• Clean and inspect hydraulic hoses.
• Inspect power cords for damage.
8
Power Tool “Readiness”—Fire Fighter II Standard (2 of 2)
• Clean, inspect, and test all fittings.
• Start to ensure it operates properly.
• Empty tanks on water vacuums.• Empty tanks on water vacuums.
• Clean and dry tanks, hoses, and nozzles
on water vacuums.
8
Summary (1 of 2)
• Fire fighters must understand purpose of
each tool and piece of equipment on
apparatus:apparatus:
– In all fire suppression phases
– In smoke, darkness, decreased visibility, limited motion
– Location
– Safe, effective operation
8
Summary (2 of 2)
• Most tools/equipment perform one or more function(s):– Rotating (assembly/disassembly)
– Pushing or pulling– Pushing or pulling
– Prying or spreading
– Striking or cutting
• Proper maintenance ensures proper operation during emergency.
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