Transcript
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IRE BEHAVIOR
AND
CHEMISTRY
Effective fire controland extingi!"#ent
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re$ire! a %a!ic
nder!tanding oft"e
c"e#ical and
&"'!ical natre
of fire(
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T"i! inclde!
infor #ation de!cri%ing !orce!
of
"eat energ'*
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environ#ental
condition!nece!!ar' to
!!tain t"eco#%!tion
roce!!(
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car%on +t"e #ain !%!tance
in t"e &a&er,
and ox en fro# t"e air (
-"en &a&er %rn! in a fire*
t"e reactant! are #o!tl'
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ire i! t"e
ra&id oxidation of a#aterial in t"e
exot"er#ic
c"e#ical &roce!!of co#%!tion*
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relea!ing
"eat*
lig"t*
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and vario!
reaction
&rodct!
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A te#&eratre .
/"ic" a #aterial
oxide $ic0l' 1
!tart! to%rn i! called
co#%!tion
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Slo/er
oxidative
&roce!!e!li0e
r!ting
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or dige!tion
are not inclded
%' t"i! definition(
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T"e fla#e i! t"e
vi!i%le &ortion of
t"e fire( If "ot enog"*
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t"e ga!e! #a' %eco#e
ioni2ed to&rodce &la!#a(
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+a "ig"l' ioni2ed
ga! containa&&roxi#atel'
e$al n#%er of
&o!itive ion! andelectron!,
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Oxidation i! a
&roce!! t"at
occr! /"en ano%3ect i! ex&o!ed
to ox en for a
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Brning !o#et"ing
i! a ra&id oxidation
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r!ting i! t"e &erfect
exa#&le of !lo/oxidation
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T"i! /ill ca!e t"e
!%!tance! in t"eo%3ect to
!tart
%rea0ingdo/n(
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Ox'gen "a! to %e
&re!ent for oxidation tota0e &lace(
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Slo/ oxidation of /ood*
T"e addition of
ox'gen to an'
ele#ent i! /"atca!ed oxidation(
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a! in rotten of
/ood
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oxing i! a ter#
de!cri%ing t"e age4related !&ot! and
%r o/ning !een on vintage
&a&er doc#ent! !c"
a! %oo0!* &o!tage
!ta#&!* certificate!* and
!o fort"(
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t"eor' i! t"atfoxing i! ca!ed
%' t"e effect on
certain &a&er! oft"e oxidation
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fa!t oxidation*
!c" a!
detonation!
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and ex&lo!ion!(
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567 fire &oint
587 fla!" &oint597 no fire
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For #an' 'ear!*
t"e :fire triangle; +ox'gen* fel* and
"eat, /a! !ed
to teac" t"eco#&onent! of
fire
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-"ile t"i!
!i#&le exa#&le
i! !efl*it i! not
tec"nicall'
correct
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T"e fire
tetra"edron
re&re!ent! t"e
addition of a
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t"e c"e#ical c"ain
reaction*
to t"e t"ree alread'
&re!ent in t"e fire
triangle(
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Re#ove an' one of
t"e for co#&onent!and co#%!tion /ill
not occr(
If i iti " l d
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If ignition "a! alread'
occrred*t"e fire i!
extingi!"ed/"en one of t"e
co#&onent! i!re#oved fro#
t"e reaction(
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Extingi!"#ent Con!idering
t"e Fire Tetra"edron
f
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A fire can %e
extingi!"ed%'
re#oving
it! ox'gen(
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Starvation i!
ac"ieved %'
re#oval of t"efel %rning in
t"e
fire
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So#eti#e!
co#%!ti%le#aterial can
%e re#oved %'!"tting off
ga!valve! or
fel flo/!
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T"e re#oval of "eat
or t"e
coolingof a fire i! t"e
#o!t co##onfor# of
!&&re!!ion(
I t t
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In #o!t ca!e! /ater
i! !ed to
e!!entiall'!oa0 &
t"e "eatgenerated %' t"e
T"i " t t t"
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T"i! "eat trn! t"e
/ater in to !tea#*
t"ere%' ro%%ing t"e
fire of t"e "eat
!ed
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If /e loo0 at fel
t'&e! and va&or&rodction* /e find
t"at !olid fel! andli$id fel! /it" "ig"
fla!" &oint! can %eextingi!"ed %'
coolin
Fat <alit' S#o0e =oint
Cocont
oil
ExtraVirgin
+>nrefined,
?@F 5C
Cocont
oilRefined 8@F 9?9C
Corn oil >nrefined ?@9F 5DC
Corn oil Refined 8@F 9?9C
o/ fla!"&oint li$id!
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o/ fla!"&oint li$id!
and fla##a%le ga!e!cannot %e
extingi!"ed %'cooling /it" /ater a!
va&or &rodctioncannot %e !fficientl'
redced
Interference i! t"e
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Interference i! t"e
&roce!! of a&&l'ing
extingi!"ing agent!
to t"e fire
t"at in"i%it c"e#ical
c"ain reaction
at t"e#oleclar level
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STO= CHAIN REACTION
Sto&&ing or interr&ting t"ec"ain reaction %et/een t"e
fel* "eat* and ox'gen /ill
extingi!" t"e fire( S&ecific#et"od! of extingi!"ing fire!
often involve a co#%ination of
#ore t"an one of t"e for
&rinci&le!(
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M t fi i l f l
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Mo!t fire! involve a fel
t"at i! c"e#icall'
co#%ined /it" t"e ox'gen
nor#all' fond in
at#o!&"eric air(At#o!&"eric air contain!
95 &ercent ox'gen* D&ercent nitrogen and 5
&ercent of ot"er ga!e!(
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A ra&id oxidation
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A ra&id oxidation
/"ere %rning!%!tance! co#%ine!
/it" Ox'gen t"enenerg' i! given off in
t"e for# of "eat andlig"t( fire
Mo!t co##on
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Mo!t co##on
fel! containcar%on along
/it"
co#%ination! of"'drogen and
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