Fire-eaters Southerners who were champions of southern nationalism and began to demand an end to the union F. Matthews.

Fire-eaters Fire-eaters

Southerners who were champions of Southerners who were champions of southern nationalism and began to southern nationalism and began to

demand an end to the uniondemand an end to the union

F. MatthewsF. Matthews

Fire breathers Fire breathers

December 20, 1860—December 20, 1860— South Carolina South Carolina secedes from secedes from

the Unionthe UnionBy Feb. 1861,By Feb. 1861,MS, FL, AL, GA , MS, FL, AL, GA , LA and TX alsoLA and TX alsohad seceded.had seceded.

No state has the right to secede from the Union;

however the federal

government has no authority to

stop any state who tries to do so.

April and May April and May 1861, VA, AR,1861, VA, AR,NC & TNNC & TNseceded—11seceded—11Confederate Confederate states states

March 4, 1861March 4, 1861——Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincolninaugurated asinaugurated as1616thth President President

The Crittenden CompromiseThe Crittenden CompromiseSeveral amendmentsSeveral amendmentsGuarantee permanentGuarantee permanent existence of slavery inexistence of slavery in slave states and D. C.slave states and D. C.Re-establish the Re-establish the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise line in all present and line in all present and future territory of U. S.future territory of U. S.

Republicans would not Republicans would not accept; no expansion of accept; no expansion of slavery.slavery.

April 12, 1861—South CarolinaApril 12, 1861—South Carolinamilitia militia under Brigadier Generalunder Brigadier GeneralP. T. BeauregardP. T. Beauregard shell Fort shell Fort Sumter, outside Charleston, SC Sumter, outside Charleston, SC

Begins the Civil War Begins the Civil War

June 1861—Virginia’s westernJune 1861—Virginia’s western counties secede from Virginiacounties secede from Virginia..

Jun. 20,Jun. 20,1863—1863—becomes becomes Union Union state of state of WestWestVirginia Virginia

Border states of Delaware, Border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri stay in Union.stay in Union.

I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can constitute

one state.

EmersonThese northern people hate us, annoy us, and

would have us assassinated by our

slaves. . .Mrs. Frank Matthews Mrs. Frank Matthews

ComparisonsComparisons NorthNorth SouthSouth ManpowerManpower

FactoriesFactories

Food Food Production Production

ComparisonsComparisons NorthNorth SouthSouth

RailroadsRailroads

Cotton Cotton

GeneralsGenerals

Homestead ActHomestead ActAny citizen or Any citizen or prospective prospective citizen could citizen could claim 160 acres claim 160 acres of public land &of public land &purchase it for apurchase it for asmall fee after small fee after living on it for living on it for 5 years 5 years

Morrill Land Grant Act Morrill Land Grant Act TransferredTransferredsubstantial publicsubstantial publicland acreage to land acreage to state governments,state governments,which, in turn, werewhich, in turn, wereto sell the land andto sell the land anduse proceeds to use proceeds to finance public finance public educationeducation

Central PacificCentral Pacificeastward fromeastward fromSacramento Sacramento Union PacificUnion PacificWestward from Westward from Omaha, NEOmaha, NE

Financing the war Financing the war

Levying taxes Levying taxes

Issuing paper money—Issuing paper money—uniform system of banknotes uniform system of banknotes

Borrowing Borrowing

Assembled cabinet Assembled cabinet representing all factions of representing all factions of Republican PartyRepublican PartyBoldly used war powers of Boldly used war powers of the presidency the presidency Sent troops into battle Sent troops into battle without Congressionalwithout Congressional declaration of war declaration of war (Domestic insurrection)(Domestic insurrection)

Military arrested civiliansMilitary arrested civiliansSuspended right of habeas corpusSuspended right of habeas corpus

Election of 1864 Election of 1864

A. Lincoln A. Johnson A. Lincoln A. Johnson G. McClellan G. PendletonG. McClellan G. PendletonRepublican Republican Democratic Democratic

Election of 1864 Election of 1864

The Politics of EmancipationThe Politics of Emancipation

T. Stevens C. Sumner B. WadeT. Stevens C. Sumner B. Wade RadicalsRadicalsUse the war to abolish slavery, Use the war to abolish slavery, Immediately and completely Immediately and completely

The Politics of EmancipationThe Politics of EmancipationConservatives—slower, more gradual, Conservatives—slower, more gradual, less disruptive process for ending slaveryless disruptive process for ending slavery

Lincoln—cautious; only issued an Lincoln—cautious; only issued an executive order (The Emancipation executive order (The Emancipation Proclamation) after Battle of AntietamProclamation) after Battle of Antietam(Sep 1862), freeing, forever, slaves in all (Sep 1862), freeing, forever, slaves in all areas of the Confederacy except those areas of the Confederacy except those already under Union control.already under Union control.Proclamation did not apply to borderProclamation did not apply to borderstatesstates

R. G. ShawR. G. Shaw

African-Americans in the Civil War African-Americans in the Civil War

Dorthea Dix Stanton & Clara Barton Dorthea Dix Stanton & Clara Barton AnthonyAnthony

Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis

A. Brinkley A. Brinkley

Davis Davis was a was a failure.failure.

Monumental and ultimatelyMonumental and ultimatelyimpossible task:impossible task:Southern society not Southern society not used to heavy taxes used to heavy taxes Small, unstable bankingSmall, unstable banking systemsystemMost wealth invested in slaves & landMost wealth invested in slaves & land$1 million of specie only$1 million of specie onlyIncome tax never provided much Income tax never provided much revenuerevenueInflation: prices rose 9000%; 80% in Inflation: prices rose 9000%; 80% in NorthNorth

Conscription in South Conscription in South

End 1862: 500,000 ; after 1862, fewerEnd 1862: 500,000 ; after 1862, fewer people through conscriptionpeople through conscriptionDraft 17-50; 100,000 desertions 1864-65Draft 17-50; 100,000 desertions 1864-65

Devastating effect on southern Devastating effect on southern economyeconomy

Markets in North cut off Markets in North cut off Export more difficult Export more difficult Loss of non-slave work force Loss of non-slave work force Destroyed land—most battles Destroyed land—most battles fought on southern soil fought on southern soil Already inadequate rail systemAlready inadequate rail system destroyeddestroyedMassive shortages of everything Massive shortages of everything

Assess me as Assess me as Commander-in-Chief.Commander-in-Chief.

Numbers and resourcesNumbers and resourcesTook advantage of Took advantage of material advantagesmaterial advantagesRealized proper objectiveRealized proper objective

Destroy Confederate armies—not Destroy Confederate armies—not occupation of Southern territory occupation of Southern territory

Scott McClellan HalleckScott McClellan Halleck

Northern strategy Northern strategy

Winfield Scott Winfield Scott

Seize Mississippi RiverSeize Mississippi RiverAttack to seize RichmondAttack to seize Richmond

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

Blockade southern portsBlockade southern ports

Four Theaters of Operations Four Theaters of Operations East—east of East—east of Appalachian Appalachian MountainsMountains

West—betweenWest—betweenMississippiMississippiRiver and River and Appalachian MtsAppalachian Mts

Far West—Far West—West of the West of the Mississippi Mississippi River River The Sea The Sea

Southern strategy Southern strategy Defensive in natureDefensive in nature defend defend

against Northern attacksagainst Northern attacks

Jefferson DavisJefferson DavisRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

July 1861—The Union navy beganJuly 1861—The Union navy began a blockade of the Southern a blockade of the Southern coast.coast.

South responds with small, fast South responds with small, fast blockade runners. blockade runners.

March 9, 1862—first battle of March 9, 1862—first battle of ironclad ships.ironclad ships.USS MonitorUSS Monitor vs.vs. CSS VirginiaCSS Virginia

Battled to a draw. Both were Battled to a draw. Both were later sunk in storms later sunk in storms

Great Britain and France initially Great Britain and France initially sympathetic to Southern causesympathetic to Southern cause

Cotton importsCotton importsU. S.: economic rival; eager to weakenU. S.: economic rival; eager to weakenSome admired supposedly aristocraticSome admired supposedly aristocratic social order of Southsocial order of SouthEngland reluctant to act:England reluctant to act:

Powerful local support for UnionPowerful local support for UnionAntislavery movementAntislavery movement

Why did no European nations aid the Why did no European nations aid the Confederacy?Confederacy?

Antislavery movementsAntislavery movementsEnglish manufacturers: surplus of English manufacturers: surplus of raw cotton and finished goodsraw cotton and finished goodsLater, imported cotton from Egypt Later, imported cotton from Egypt and Indiaand IndiaEnglish did not clamor to have English did not clamor to have blockade brokenblockade broken

The Trent AffairThe Trent Affair

Slidell Mason Wilkes Slidell Mason Wilkes Confederate diplomats Slidell and Mason Confederate diplomats Slidell and Mason boarded HMS Trent in Havanaboarded HMS Trent in HavanaUSS San Jacinto (Wilkes) stopped on high seasUSS San Jacinto (Wilkes) stopped on high seasand arrested Mason and Slidelland arrested Mason and SlidellBritish: demanded release, reparations, apologyBritish: demanded release, reparations, apology

The war in the far westThe war in the far westVicious fighting in KansasVicious fighting in Kansas and Missouriand MissouriQuantrill organized a bandQuantrill organized a band of mostly teenage guerrillaof mostly teenage guerrilla fighters; murderous—killed fighters; murderous—killed almost all in their path almost all in their path

Jayhawkers: Union sympathizers from Jayhawkers: Union sympathizers from Kansas; moved across western MO Kansas; moved across western MO exacting reprisals for actions of Quantrillexacting reprisals for actions of Quantrill and other Confederate guerillas and other Confederate guerillas

First major battle:First major battle: First ManassasFirst Manassas or or Bull RunBull Run

McDowell McDowell

BeauregardBeauregard

First Manassas or Bull RunFirst Manassas or Bull RunNortherners from Washington—Northerners from Washington— picnic atmosphere picnic atmosphere McDowell initially McDowell initially successful successful

Brigade under Brigade under Southern General Thomas J.Southern General Thomas J. Jackson holds “like a stone wall.”Jackson holds “like a stone wall.”Southern reinforcements arrive;Southern reinforcements arrive;McDowell routed. No Reb pursuit. McDowell routed. No Reb pursuit.

Lincoln replaced McDowell with Lincoln replaced McDowell with General George B. McClellan General George B. McClellan

McClellan began lengthy training McClellan began lengthy training of his soldiers.of his soldiers.

Battle of Shiloh—April 6-7, 1862 Battle of Shiloh—April 6-7, 1862

Western TheaterWestern TheaterDemonstrated the slaughter theDemonstrated the slaughter the war would become. war would become.

The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh

U. S. GrantU. S. Grant vs. vs. A. J. JohnstonA. J. JohnstonGrant had first taken Forts Grant had first taken Forts Henry and DonelsonHenry and Donelson

The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh

SouthwestSouthwest Tennessee Tennessee

Grant was Grant was surprised surprised

Late, 6 Apr. Grant and Late, 6 Apr. Grant and General George ThomasGeneral George Thomasrallied Union forces andrallied Union forces andheld off Confederates.held off Confederates.

JohnstoJohnstonn attackeattackedd

The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh Johnston killed first day Johnston killed first day Night of Day 1, Northern Night of Day 1, Northern reinforcements, under Generalreinforcements, under General Lew Wallace, arrived.Lew Wallace, arrived.

North attacked back the next day North attacked back the next day Battle ended as a draw—but theBattle ended as a draw—but the Confederates did not attain goal Confederates did not attain goal Casualties: 13,000 Union;Casualties: 13,000 Union;

11,000 Confederate 11,000 Confederate

April 1862—Union Admiral April 1862—Union Admiral David Farragut takes New OrleansDavid Farragut takes New Orleans

40 ships. Union controls lower 40 ships. Union controls lower Mississippi River by June. Mississippi River by June.

Meanwhile in the east:Meanwhile in the east:McClellanMcClellanfails to take Richmondfails to take Richmond

Too slow; too cautiousToo slow; too cautious

Defeated by Defeated by Army of N. VA:Army of N. VA:Robt. E. LeeRobt. E. Lee

Meanwhile in the east:Meanwhile in the east:Stonewall Jackson Stonewall Jackson routes the Union routes the Union Army in theArmy in theShenandoahShenandoahValleyValley

Union troops rush to Union troops rush to defend Washington.defend Washington.

Meanwhile in the east:Meanwhile in the east:September 1862September 1862—energized by —energized by Lee’s and Jackson’s victories in Lee’s and Jackson’s victories in the eastthe east,, J. Davis orders Lee’sJ. Davis orders Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia to Army of Northern Virginia to invade the northinvade the north..Lee crosses theLee crosses thePotomac RiverPotomac RiverFrom Virginia intoFrom Virginia intoMarylandMaryland

McClellan, McClellan, based on based on Lee’s battle Lee’s battle plan foundplan foundin a roll of in a roll of cigars. . .cigars. . .

meets Lee’s army near Sharpsburgmeets Lee’s army near SharpsburgBattle of Antietam—Sep. 17Battle of Antietam—Sep. 17Single bloodiest day in AmericanSingle bloodiest day in American history: 26,000 casualtieshistory: 26,000 casualties

The The Battle of Antietam Actual battle a draw, but Lee Actual battle a draw, but Lee retreated.retreated.McClellan refused to pursue McClellan refused to pursue

The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam

Lincoln fired McClellan Lincoln fired McClellan British and French decide againstBritish and French decide against entering on Confederate side entering on Confederate side Sept. 22—Lincoln gives Sept. 22—Lincoln gives Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation

December 1862—New Union December 1862—New Union commander, Ambrose Burnsidecommander, Ambrose Burnside

invades Virginia.invades Virginia.Battle of Battle of FredericksburgFredericksburgLee Lee uses brilliant uses brilliant feint & sweep tactics;feint & sweep tactics; hishis greatest victorygreatest victory

1862 ends—Union controlling 1862 ends—Union controlling west; Confederate slight edge in west; Confederate slight edge in east.east.

January 1, 1863: EmancipationJanuary 1, 1863: Emancipation Proclamation Proclamation At first, Lincoln did At first, Lincoln did not believe that the not believe that the federal government federal government had the power to had the power to free slaves where it free slaves where it already existed. already existed.

Used Constitutional powers as Used Constitutional powers as Commander in Chief—orderedCommander in Chief—ordered army to confiscate rebel supplies. army to confiscate rebel supplies.

May 1863—May 1863— Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Chancellorsville

Joe Hooker Joe Hooker attacks attacks Lee Lee

Hooker: 134,000 people Hooker: 134,000 people Lee: 60,000 people Lee: 60,000 people Hooker split his force & Hooker split his force & tried to encircle Lee tried to encircle Lee Cavalry under JEB Cavalry under JEB StuartStuart detect detect Hooker’s plan.Hooker’s plan.

Lee attacks Hooker on 3 sides Lee attacks Hooker on 3 sides

Stonewall Jackson’s Stonewall Jackson’s corps moves throughcorps moves through dense woods anddense woods and attacks Hooker’sattacks Hooker’s rear while Lee holdsrear while Lee holds the front.the front.

Half of Hooker’s force is routedHalf of Hooker’s force is routed and nearly completely destroyed.and nearly completely destroyed.

While preparing to pursue andWhile preparing to pursue and completely destroy Hooker,completely destroy Hooker, JacksonJackson is woundedis wounded

by his own troops &by his own troops & dies dies in a few days.in a few days. Pursuit endsPursuit ends..

Costliest Confederate Costliest Confederate victory: 25% of Lee’svictory: 25% of Lee’s force is lost plus Jackson.force is lost plus Jackson.

Victory convinces President Davis Victory convinces President Davis that Lee should again invade norththat Lee should again invade north

Meanwhile in theMeanwhile in the western theater: western theater:Battle of Battle of Vicksburg Vicksburg

One of two key,One of two key, turning point,turning point, battles in 1863battles in 1863

If Union tookIf Union took Vicksburg, Vicksburg, would control would control Mississippi R.Mississippi R.

Battle of Vicksburg Battle of Vicksburg May 1863, GrantMay 1863, Granttries two frontal tries two frontal attacks on fortified attacks on fortified city of Vicksburg, city of Vicksburg, MS. Both fail.MS. Both fail.Grant begins a 6-week Grant begins a 6-week siegesiege——Vicksburg falls July 4, 1863Vicksburg falls July 4, 1863

Union controls Mississippi Union controls Mississippi River; South cut in half.River; South cut in half.

Back in theBack in the east. . . east. . .

LeeLee’s Army of ’s Army of Northern VANorthern VAcrosses into crosses into Maryland andMaryland andthen PAthen PA

Looking for supplies and a Looking for supplies and a decisive victory over Union Army.decisive victory over Union Army. Brings terms for Union surrender.Brings terms for Union surrender.

Lincoln replaces HookerLincoln replaces Hooker with with George G. MeadeGeorge G. Meade as Commander as Commanderof the Army of the Potomac.of the Army of the Potomac.

LeeLee learns of a shoe learns of a shoe factory in small city offactory in small city ofGettysburg Gettysburg and movesand moveshis army toward therehis army toward there..

Turning Turning Point of the Point of the Civil WarCivil War

Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Gettysburg Gettysburg

Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill

Cemetery Cemetery Ridge Ridge

Little Round TopLittle Round TopBig Round TopBig Round Top

Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863

Day 1Day 1Confederate corps Confederate corps under A. P. Hill under A. P. Hill Chance meeting Chance meeting with Union cavalrywith Union cavalryunder General under General BufordBuford

Buford holds, giving Buford holds, giving Meade time to form the armyMeade time to form the army

Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Gettysburg Gettysburg

Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill

Cemetery Cemetery Ridge Ridge

Little Round TopLittle Round Top

Big Round TopBig Round Top

Hill Hill

BufordBuford

Second Confederate corps underSecond Confederate corps under General EwellGeneral Ewell

Swings aroundSwings aroundto the north of to the north of Culp’s Hill Culp’s Hill which is not which is not occupied occupied

Because it is Because it is late in the day, Ewell holds hislate in the day, Ewell holds his position. Gives north time toposition. Gives north time to prepare defense on Culp’s Hill. prepare defense on Culp’s Hill.

Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Gettysburg Gettysburg

Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill

Cemetery Cemetery Ridge Ridge

Little Round TopLittle Round Top

Big Round TopBig Round Top

EwellEwell

HillHill

Lee Lee desperately needsdesperately needs information about how information about how Union army is placed.Union army is placed.

JEB StuartJEB Stuart is busy is busy “ “grabbinggrabbing headlines”headlines” and hisand his cavalry cavalry does not provide Lee with info.does not provide Lee with info.

Day 2Day 2Union in good defensive positions Union in good defensive positions against Ewell and Hill.against Ewell and Hill.Lee’s third corps under Lee’s third corps under James Longstreet brings James Longstreet brings up two divisions. up two divisions. Attacks in south.Attacks in south.Union’s General Warren Union’s General Warren recognizes weak spot on farrecognizes weak spot on far south of Union line. Hastilysouth of Union line. Hastily places 20places 20thth Maine Regiment on Maine Regiment on Little Round TopLittle Round Top..

2020thth Maine under command Maine under command of of a college professor nameda college professor named Joshua Lawrence ChamberlainJoshua Lawrence Chamberlain

Chamberlain must Chamberlain must hold at all costs.hold at all costs.

Longstreet Longstreet sees sees opportunity for greatopportunity for great victory.victory. Sends Sends Alabama divisionAlabama division under John B. Hoodunder John B. Hood to attack. to attack.

Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Battle of Gettysburg:1-3 July 1863Gettysburg Gettysburg

Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill

Cemetery Cemetery Ridge Ridge

Little Round TopLittle Round TopBig Round TopBig Round Top

LongstreetLongstreet2020thth Maine Maine

HoodHood

2020thth Maine holds with less than Maine holds with less than 300 people. 300 people.

Day 2 ends with north still in Day 2 ends with north still in command of the battlefield butcommand of the battlefield but with one southern division still with one southern division still coming up.coming up.

Day 2Day 2

Day 3Day 3Lee believes Meade has spreadLee believes Meade has spread himself too thin and that the himself too thin and that the weak spot is in the middle.weak spot is in the middle.

Northern corps underNorthern corps under Major General Major General Winfield Hancock.Winfield Hancock.

Lee decides to attack Lee decides to attack Hancock Hancock with Longstreet’s third divisionwith Longstreet’s third division—— Virginians under General George Virginians under General George PickettPickett

Attacks into a Attacks into a horseshoe horseshoe

HighHighwater markwater markof Confederacy of Confederacy

Pickett’s division wiped out Pickett’s division wiped out

Meade chooses not to pursue Meade chooses not to pursue

Lee’s worst defeat—Lee’s worst defeat—But Army But Army of Northernof NorthernVirginia Virginia escapes escapes back into back into Virginia.Virginia.

November 1863—Dedication of November 1863—Dedication of the Gettysburg Battlefield the Gettysburg Battlefield

Lincoln Lincoln an after-an after-thought, last minute thought, last minute invitee.invitee.

After Edward Everett After Edward Everett spoke for 2 hours,spoke for 2 hours,Lincoln gave the Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address:one of our famous one of our famous speeches—2 ½ minspeeches—2 ½ min

Four score Four score and seven and seven

years ago…years ago…

In the west. . .In the west. . .September 1863—Battle of September 1863—Battle of Chickamauga Creek Chickamauga Creek

Confederates under Braxton Confederates under Braxton Bragg push Union forces back Bragg push Union forces back to Chattanooga, TN.to Chattanooga, TN.

November 1863—Battle of November 1863—Battle of ChattanoogaChattanooga

Union under Grant and W. T.Union under Grant and W. T. Sherman, defeat Confederates Sherman, defeat Confederates under Bragg.under Bragg.

May 1864—Grant May 1864—Grant appointed overall appointed overall Commander of Commander of Union Armies—Union Armies—moves to easternmoves to easterntheater. theater.

Sherman assumesSherman assumes command of Union command of Union forces in west.forces in west.

Spring 1864—Grant attacks Lee Spring 1864—Grant attacks Lee in Virginia—constant pressure in Virginia—constant pressure

Wilderness, Spotsylvania, ColdWilderness, Spotsylvania, ColdHarbor and Petersburg Harbor and Petersburg Major losses both sides—hurts Major losses both sides—hurts Lee a lot more. Lee a lot more.

Seige of Petersburg—summer Seige of Petersburg—summer 1864-February 1865. 1864-February 1865.

Battle of the CraterBattle of the Crater

In the west. . .In the west. . .August 1864, Sherman August 1864, Sherman moves south into Georgiamoves south into GeorgiaTakes Atlanta Takes Atlanta 1 Sep 18641 Sep 1864

November November 1864—Sherman1864—Shermanburns Atlanta—burns Atlanta—moves southeast. moves southeast.

Sherman and Grant begin a Sherman and Grant begin a policy of General War policy of General War

Sherman: scorched earth—300 Sherman: scorched earth—300 miles by 60 miles to Savannahmiles by 60 miles to Savannah

Dec. 1864—Sherman captures Dec. 1864—Sherman captures Savannah then turns north to Savannah then turns north to link-up with Grant.link-up with Grant.

Continues scorched earth Continues scorched earth tactics in South Carolina tactics in South Carolina to punish the first state to to punish the first state to secede. secede. Stops scorched earth when Stops scorched earth when enters North Carolina—the last enters North Carolina—the last state to secede.state to secede.

April 1865—April 1865—Lee tries one last Lee tries one last attack on Grant.attack on Grant. Battle of Five Battle of Five Corners is the last major battle Corners is the last major battle of war. of war.

Grant defeats Lee and captures Grant defeats Lee and captures Richmond.Richmond.

April 9, 1865—Lee surrenders to April 9, 1865—Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House Grant at Appomattox Court House

Grant paroles Lee’s troops—3 Grant paroles Lee’s troops—3 day’s rations/horses/sidearms day’s rations/horses/sidearms

Remainder of southern troops Remainder of southern troops surrendered over next month. surrendered over next month. Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis captured on 10 May captured on 10 May in Georgia. in Georgia.

Total casualties: Total casualties:

Union:Union: 646,392 (359,528 dead) 646,392 (359,528 dead)Confed. Confed. (133,821 dead)(133,821 dead)

Prison camps terrible Prison camps terrible

Andersonville Prison in GA—Andersonville Prison in GA—worst worst

Commander, Commander, Captain Henry Wirz Captain Henry Wirz hanged November 10, hanged November 10, 18651865

April 14, 1865—April 14, 1865—Lincoln assassinatedLincoln assassinatedby John Wilkes Booth,by John Wilkes Booth,an actor, at Ford’s an actor, at Ford’s Theater in WashingtonTheater in Washington

First of four presidentsFirst of four presidents to be assassinated to be assassinated

End 1865—Thirteenth Amendment End 1865—Thirteenth Amendment ratified—ended slavery in U. S. ratified—ended slavery in U. S.

An interesting comparisonAn interesting comparison

The Civil War was the first The Civil War was the first modern war modern war Use of telegraph Use of telegraph MachinegunMachinegunRifles & soft lead bulletsRifles & soft lead bulletsObservation balloonsObservation balloonsPhotography on battlefields Photography on battlefields Iron ships and submarines Iron ships and submarines Certain types of artillery Certain types of artillery