Transcript
Faults:Faults: Are fractures that have appreciable movement parallel to their Are fractures that have appreciable movement parallel to their plane. plane.
Faults may be hundred of meters or a few centimeters in length. Faults may be hundred of meters or a few centimeters in length.
FAULTFAULT
Fault planeFault plane: : Surface that the Surface that the movement has taken place movement has taken place within the fault. On this within the fault. On this surface the dip and strike of surface the dip and strike of the fault is measured.the fault is measured.
Hanging wall: Hanging wall: The rock The rock mass resting on the fault mass resting on the fault plane.plane.
Foot wall: Foot wall: The rock mass The rock mass beneath the fault plane.beneath the fault plane.
Fault planeFault plane: : Surface that the Surface that the movement has taken place movement has taken place within the fault. On this within the fault. On this surface the dip and strike of surface the dip and strike of the fault is measured.the fault is measured.
Hanging wall: Hanging wall: The rock The rock mass resting on the fault mass resting on the fault plane.plane.
Foot wall: Foot wall: The rock mass The rock mass beneath the fault plane.beneath the fault plane.
Parts of The FaultsParts of The Faults
Separation:Separation: The amount of The amount of apparent offset of a faulted apparent offset of a faulted surface, measured in specified surface, measured in specified direction. There are strike direction. There are strike separation, dip separation, and separation, dip separation, and net separation. net separation.
Heave:Heave: The horizontal The horizontal component of dip separation component of dip separation measured perpendicular to strike measured perpendicular to strike of the fault.of the fault.
Throw:Throw: The vertical component The vertical component measured in vertical plane measured in vertical plane containing the dip.containing the dip.
Types of FAULTS
A) SRIKE SLIP FAULT
B) DIP SLIP FAULT
Types of Faults•Dip-slip faults have movement
parallel to the dip of the fault plane
–In normal faults, the hanging-wall block has moved down relative to the footwall block
–In reverse faults, the hanging-wall block has moved up relative to the footwall block
Types of Faults•Dip-slip faults have movement
parallel to the dip of the fault plane
–Fault blocks, bounded by normal faults, that drop down or are uplifted are known as
Grabens and HORSTS, respectively
•Grabens associated with divergent plate boundaries are called rifts
–Thrust faults are reverse faults with dip angles less than 30° from horizontal
Normal FaultsNormal Faults
Thrust FaultThrust FaultThrust Faults: In the thrust
faults the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall (dip angle 30º or less)
Reverse Faults: Are similar to the thrust faults regarding the sense of motion but the dip angle of the fault plane is 45º or more
Thrust faults usually Thrust faults usually formed in areas of formed in areas of comperssional regime. comperssional regime.
Thrust Thrust FaultsFaults
Strike-Slip FaultStrike-Slip FaultStrike-slip Faults:
Are faults that have movement along strikes.
.
Strike-Slip Strike-Slip FaultsFaults
Transform FaultsTransform FaultsTransform Faults:Transform Faults: Are a Are a
type of strike-slip faulttype of strike-slip fault (defined by Wilson 1965). (defined by Wilson 1965).
They form due to They form due to the the differences in motion differences in motion between lithospheric between lithospheric plates.plates.
They are basically occur They are basically occur where type of plate where type of plate boundary is boundary is transformed into transformed into anotheranother..
Faults
Faults
Faults
Faults
Different Type of Faults
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