FASH 15 textiles care of textile products. care describes: the cleaning procedures used to remove soil & return products to new or nearly new condition.

FASH 15 textiles

care of textile products

care of textile products

care describes:•the cleaning procedures used to remove soil & return products to new or nearly new condition•appropriate storage conditions

…examine the care labels on the clothing or textile products you have with you today—you can help a neighbor if it is easier…using the following list (pg. 478) are there any care terms that you do not understand

care of textile products

soil & soil removal

soil is any substance not intended to be on a textile—classified into several categories bases on:•type•how it is held on fabric

EXAMPLES:•gum, mud, wax—held on mechanically & removed mechanically by scraping or agitation•lint & dust—held on by electrostatic forces & removed by water which neutralizes charge•coffee & other beverages—water-soluble thus dissolves in water

detergency

refers to manner in which soap or detergent removes soil

adding soap or synthetic detergent to a solvent lowers the surface tension of the solvent—allowing things to wet more quickly

soap or detergent molecule:•organic “tail” has affinity for organic soils•polar “head” has affinity for solventliterally dislodges soil

solvents

liquid that dissolves other materials—water most common solvent in laundering

water:•used in washing because it is cheap, readily available, nontoxic, requires no special equipment•hardness, temperature & volume affect cleaning

other solvents:•organic, used in dry cleaning, spot removal or spotting agents•perchloroethylene (perc or PCE) most common in dry cleaning •dissolve oils, greases, & other stubborn stains

laundering

most common means of cleaning consumer textiles

appropriate care for textile product depends on:•dyes or pigments•fabrication•finish•product construction•other materials—trims, support materials, linings, buttons, etc…•type of soil•extent of soiling

synthetic detergents & soaps

•remove and suspend soils•minimize effects of hard water•alter surface tension of water & other solvents

synthetic detergents—mixtures of many ingredients—recipe depends upon type which is related to soil, water conditions, regulations & lawsnontoxic, phosphate-free, biodegradable, free of perfumes & dyes, all-in-one

soaps—produced from naturally occurring animal or vegetable oils or fats—effective in removing oily or greasy stains

synthetic detergents & soaps—additives

•surfactants•builders•enzymes•antifading agents•dye-transfer inhibitors•antiredeposition agents•perfumes•dyes•fluorescent whitening agents

• soil-release polymer• bleach• fabric softener• disinfectant• enzymatic presoaks• pretreatments• starch or sizing• bluing

sorting

before cleaning, sort items to minimize problems & remove soil as efficiently as possible

sort by:•color•type of garment—work garments & delicate items•type of soil•recommended care method•propensity of fabrics to lint

close zippers & buttons to avoid snaggingcheck pocketscheck for stains, holes or tears & repair as needed

washing machines

most contemporary washing machines allow for easy use by providing predetermined wash cycles for today’s textiles

follow care labels on clothing & use instruction booklets

top loading machines—(vertical axis)•efficient at cleaning; use significant water & energy with every loadfront loading machine—(horizontal axis)•larger capacity due to lack of agitator, use less water, cannot open mid-cycle, do not dry out between loads

drying

removes solvent from textilerecommended procedure generally specified on label•machine drying most severe due to abrasion & agitation•other options use less energy but more individual effort & time

• hang dry/line dry—inside or outside• drying flat• steam dryers• vent-free dryers

dry cleaning

solvents other than water used to remove soil from textiles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTMuJmZDPkA

because of concerns regarding toxicity & environmental impact, new solvents are available

leather & fur—•must remove soil without damaging dye or finish & restore oils that cleaning removes•complex & expensive process•should be cleaned by specialists

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BDDuTkcUjg&feature=related (part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-69AQy47s0&feature=related (part 2)

home solvent cleaning

products available to “freshen” dry-clean only items at home

• stain removal solution• bag for use in home dryer• solvent treated moist cloth

always pre-treat stains & test for colorfastness before use

professional wet cleaning

commercial alternative to dry cleaning for items labeled “dry clean only”—almost every type of dry-cleanable fabric can be wet-cleaned

more complex than home laundering—requires training in selecting & using proper techniques

storage

important aspect to consider for textile products

storage conditions may influence:•appearance•quality•performance

incorrect storage may result in:•permanently set wrinkles•discoloration•dye or print transfer•damage from insects, mold or heat•acid degradation

other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery

vacuuming—uses suction to pull particulate soil from carpeting, upholstered furniture & wall or window coverings

wet cleaning—uses water-based detergents in foam form & has extended drying times

dry-foam cleaning—done by hand with foam sprayed on carpet or by employing a machine that deposits detergent solution foam just ahead of agitating brush

other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery

hot-water extraction—fine-spray of hot-water-detergent solution injected into carpet then removed almost immediately by powerful vacuum which also removes soil

absorbent powder cleaning—absorbent powders (combining detergents, water & solvents) sprinkled on surface, worked into pile or fabric, removed by vacuuming

ultrasonic cleaning—requires special cleaning facility—high frequency sound waves attract soil and remove it from carpet fibers