Factories

FACTORIES

TRAINS – CHOO CHOO

Steam engines became stronger and more efficient

Railways began to pop up all over Britain

First major train was called the rocket – could travel at an amazing 39km per hour!!

COTTAGE INDUSTRY

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people turned their homes into mini-factories

Textiles was most commonNot very efficient

FACTORIES

New machines were too big to fit in homes

Large factories were made to house them

Capitalists would invest money Capitalist is someone

who gives his money to businesses in return for a share in the profits

Arkwright’s “Water Frame”

FACTORY WORKERS

Paid very littleLong work hours

12-16 hour shifts, 6 days a week

No safety measuresFactory owners tried

to save money wherever they could

CHILD LABOUR School wasn’t mandatory Children forced to work to help with family income Paid even less than men and women Had to do the most dangerous jobs

FACTORY ACTS

The government EVENTUALLY realized the dangers that existed in these factories

Passed some laws to help the situation The notion of laissez-faire slowed the change The rich were upset, they wanted to keep the working class as poor

and tired as possible Primitive Labour Unions began to form

Factories Act 1844 Limited working hour to 12 per day for women and children Set maximum working hours for children of 9-13 for 9 per day Mill owners are more accountable for protection for workers

Ten Hours Bill 1847 Limited working hours to 10 per day for women and children Set a maximum hours in a week to 63 for women and children

Factories Act 1856 Factory masters could not dictate work hours

PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Read the document on page 148 Answer questions 1-3