Transcript
Budi Santoso, dr
Bagian Fisiologi dan Fisika MedikFakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Sriwijaya
TIUDescribe the overall role of GI system :DigestionAbsorptionSecretionExcretion
TIKDescribe the anatomical structure of GI system
from mouth to anus Identify the main organs and accessory organs.Describe digestion in mouth, stomach, and
intestineDescribe absorption in stomach and intestineDescribe secretion in GI tractDescribe excretion waste product from GI tractExplain the regulation GI with other system
Main organsMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestineAnus
• Acessorius organs
– Salivary gland– Teeth & tongue– Liver & bile– Pancreas– Intestinal gland
Pola gerak saluran cerna Peristaltik
Gerak propulsif (mendorong) Seperti memerah susu sapi
Otot sirkuler berkontraksi sec urut Mixing
Gerak mencampur Seperti mengocok kantong
Otot sirkuler berkontraksi sec segmental
MASTIKASI (mengunyah) Digesti mekanik pada mulut
DIGLUSI (menelan) faring
Fungsi mastikasiMempermudah digesti makanan berseratMencegah kerusakan tractus GIMempermudah pengosongan makanan dari
lambung
Refleks menelan: Volunter Faringeal 6 detik, napas (-) Esofageal 8-10”
gerak peristaltik
Pusat menelan : pons
Digesti mekanik oesophagus
2-4 cm/detik
Fungsi gaster Penyimpanan
1,5 l, udara?? Pencampuran Pengosongan
makanan
makanan
DistensiGaster
Refleks kontraksi
mixing-mulai: korpus antrum- 3x/mnt Sekresi HCl + makanan
kimus
Gerak peristaltik sfingter pilorus Faktor yg memperlambat pengosongan
makanan:Kimus kentalKimus asam refleks enterogastrik Kimus berlemak memacu enterogatronEfek kolesistokininKimus yang masih banyak di duodenum
Usus halus1. Kontraksi segmentasi/mixing utama2. Kontraksi propulsi/peristaltik
Usus besar1. Haustrasi (~segmentasi)2. Mass movement 1-3x/hari, 20 cm
Greater Omentum- fatty apron.
Kelenjar saliva Gaster Hepar Pankreas Intestinum Seluruh lapisan tractus GI
MukusDisekresi sepanjang tractus GIFungsi
Pelumas makanan Proteksi dinding saluran
Enzim Disekresi organ tertentu (gaster, pankreas)Fungsi
Katalisator zat nutrisi
Organ:Kelenjar parotisKelenjar
submandibulaKelenjar
sublingual
KomposisiAirMukusPtialin/amilase saliva : digesti tepungBikarbonat : netralisir asamLisozim : anti bakteri
Pusat pengaturanNc. Salivatory di batang otakMakanan berbau/terlihat/terasa ENAK
Saliva meningkat makanan mudah ditelan
KomposisiMukusHClPepsinogenRenin Intrinsic factorGastrinSomatostatin
Renin : digesti casein Intrinsic factor : membantu absorbsi B12
pada usus halus Gastrin : mengatur sekresi gaster Somatostatin : inhibitor gastrin
Mukus (kelenjar Brunner) Enzim
Sukrase, laktase, amilase digesti CHOPeptidase digesti proteinLipase intestinal digesti lemak
HormonKolesitokinin memacu sekresi heparPankreozimin pankreasEnterokinin usus halus
KomposisiAmilase pankreatic CHOTripsin proteinKimotripsinLipase Pankreatik lemakBikarbonat netralisir asam
Enzyme Zymogen ActivatorAction
Trypsin Trypsinogen EnterokinaseCleaves internal
peptide bondsChymotrypsin Chymotrypsinogen Trypsin
Cleaves internal peptide bonds
Elastase Proelastase TrypsinCleaves internal
peptide bondsCarboxypeptidase Procarboxypeptidase Trypsin
Cleaves last amino acid from carboxyl-terminal end of polypeptide
Phospholipase Prophospholipase TrypsinCleaves fatty
acids from phospholipids such as lecithin
Lipase None NoneCleaves fatty
acids from glycerolAmylase None None
Digests starch to maltose and short chains of glucose molecules
Cholesterolesterase None NoneReleases
cholesterol from its bonds with other molecules
Ribonuclease None NoneCleaves RNA to
form short chainsDeoxyribonuclease None None
Cleaves DNA to form short chains
Sekresi garam empeduCampuran kolestrol + bilirubin
Fungsi:Bersifat detergen: menurunkan tegangan
permukaan air-lemakMembantu lipase untuk digesti lemak
All absorbed nutrients are sent to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.
500 functions to the liverStorage of iron and fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, K).Carbohidrate & lipid metabolismProtein synthesisBlood detoxificationRegulation of blood cholesterol;
bile production
Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS
Hepatocytes arranged in lobules Sinusoids in between
hepatocytes are blood-filled spaces
Kupffer cells phagocytize microbes & foreign matter
Tidak ada enzim Hanya mukus Bakteri >>
produksi vit. KFeses menjadi bauMengurai komponen empedu feses
menjadi coklat
Function of GI Digestion; Mechanical and
chemical break down of organic material into small molecules.
Absorption; Uptake of fluids, small molecules, and ions by epithelial cells lining the lumen.
Secretion; The release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes by cells and accessory organs into the lumen.
Defecation; Elimination of indigestible substances, bacteria, cells, and digested materials through the anus.
1. Molar2. Gaster3. Anus4. Vesica felea5. Duodenum6. Colon
descenden7. Pancreas8. Vena porta9. Faring10. Apendix
Absorbsi Digesti Mastikasi Transportasi Diglusi Sekresi Ekskresi Defekasi ………
Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran Guyton edisi 8
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