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Exodus!!
Lesson*#7*“The*Exodus”*
(Exodus(12:(36(–(15:(21)((
( ( ( ( ( (((
( ( ( ( ( (Review!(
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The(cumula<ve(force(of(the(ten(plagues(has(had(a(
devasta<ng(effect(on(Egypt,(its(people(and(its(economy:((
the(land(lies(buried(beneath(a(putrid(mass(of(decaying(fish(
and(frogs;(the(livestock(have(been(felled(by(anthrax;(the(
crops(have(been(destroyed(by(hail(and(fire;(disease(and(
infec<ons(have(ravaged(the(people;(an(onslaught(of(
locusts(has(stripped(the(na<on(bare(of(every(leaf(and(
blade(of(grass;(the(Egyp<ans(have(been(plunged(into(
terrifying(darkness;(and(every(home(in(Egypt(mourns(a(
dead(child,(slain(by(God.(
Egypt(is(destroyed,(and(Pharaoh(gasps(at(the(uMer(horror(
of(the(catastrophe.((
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( ( ( ( ( (((
( ( ( ( ( (Review!(
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What’s(more,(the(Egyp<an(gods(have(been(thunderously(
defeated;(all(are(totally(impotent(before(YHWH.(((
1st(Plague,(Water(Turned(to(Blood( ((Osiris)(
2nd(Plague,(Frogs ( ( ( ( ((Heqet)(
3rd(Plague,(Gnats( ( ( ( ( ((Geb)(
4th(Plague,(Flies( ( ( ( ( ((Khepri)(
5th(Plague,(Pes<lence( ( ( ( ((Apis)(
6th(Plague,(Boils ( ( ( ( ((ALL(gods(deprived(of(priests)(
7th(Plague,(Hail(&(Fire( ( ( ( ((Nut)(
8th(Plague,(Locusts(( ( ( ( ((coup*de*grâce,(death(blow(to(Egypt)(9th(Plague,(Darkness ( ( ( ((Ra)(
10th(Plague,(Death(of(the(Firstborn ((ALL(gods(plundered)(
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In(Lesson(#7(the(Israelites(leave(Egypt,(avoiding(the(Via(Maris,(the(
obvious(escape(route(that(parallels(the(Mediterranean(Sea;(instead,(
they(head(southeast(toward(the(Red(Sea,(a(rouse(intended(to(draw(
the(Egyp<ans(afer(them.(((
And(it(works.((
Arriving(near(the(northern(<p(of(the(Gulf(of(Suez,(the(Israelites(look(
up(and(see(the(Egyp<ans(in(hot(pursuit.((With(their(backs(to(the(sea(
and(the(Egyp<ans(bearing(down(upon(them,(the(Israelites(cry(out(to(
Moses:((“Were*there*no*burial*places*in*Egypt*that*you*brought*us*to*die*in*the*wilderness?**What*have*you*done*to*us,*bringing*us*out*of*Egypt?”((Exodus(14:(11).(((((
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And(then(an(extraordinary(thing(happens:((((
Moses*stretched*out*his*hand*over*the*sea;*and*the*Lord*drove*back*the*sea*with*a*strong*east*wind*all*night*long*and*turned*the*sea*into*dry*ground.**The*waters*were*split,*so*that*the*Israelites*entered*into*the*midst*of*the*sea*on*dry*land,*with*the*water*as*a*wall*to*their*right*and*to*their*leH.((
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ((Exodus(14:(21h22)((
The(Israelites(rush(through(the(parted(Red(Sea,(scrambling(onto(dry(
ground(on(the(shore(of(the(Sinai(Peninsula.((When(the(last(Israelite(
reaches(dry(land,(God(springs(his(trap:((the(Red(Sea’s(towering(walls(
of(water(collapse,(drowning(the(en<re(Egyp<an(army.((
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( ( ( ( ( (((
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As(Pharaoh(planned(to(drown(all(the(infant(Israelite(boys(in(the(Nile(
River,(lest(they(grow(to(become(warriors(and(fight(against(him,(so(
God(drowns(in(the(depths(of(the(Red(Sea(all(the(male(Egyp<an(
warriors(who(fight(against(him(:((<thforhtat.((
The(Israelites(celebrate(with(a(chesthbumping,(highhfiving(victory(
song:((
(I*will*sing*to*the*Lord*for*he*is*gloriously*triumphant;(*horse*and*chariot*he*has*cast*into*the*sea*.*.*.!*( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ((Exodus(15:(1)(
!!(
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The*Ten*Commandments,*produced(and(directed(by(Cecil(B.(DeMille.(((
Paramount(Pictures,(1956.(((
(Voted*among*the*top*10*epic*films*of*all*Pme*by*the*American*Film*InsPtute.)*(
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Land(of(Goshen(
Rameses(!"(
Succoth(!"(
"(#(Marah(
"(#(Elim(
#(Mt.(Sinai(
"(#(Rephidim(
#(BiMer(Lakes(
#(Via(Maris(
Gulf(of(Suez(!( #(Gulf(of(Aqaba(
( ( ( ( ( (((
( ( ( (!(
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Pidyon*Haben*ceremony,(consecra<on(of(the(firstborn.(((
(Numbers*3:*45[47*prescribes*a*five*silver*shekel*redempPon*price,*about*$35.)((
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A(Jewish(man(prepares(for(daily(prayer(by(aMaching(tefillin*(known(in(English(as(“phylacteries”),(two(leather(boxes(containing(Deuteronomy(6:(4h9,(one(box(on(the(
forehead(and(one(beneath(the(lef(upper(arm(next(to(the(heart,(aMached(by(straps(
to(the(hand.((The(prayer(shawl(is(called(a(tallit.(
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!!
Land(of(Goshen(
Rameses(!"(
Succoth(!"(
"(#(Marah(
"(#(Elim(
#(Mt.(Sinai(
"(#(Rephidim(
#(BiMer(Lakes(
#(Via(Maris(
"#(Nuweiba(
#(Mt.(Sinai?(
Gulf(of(Suez(!( #(Gulf(of(Aqaba(!
Where(did(the(
Israelites(cross(the(
Red(Sea?(
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Facts:(
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!• The(correct(transla<on(of(Yam*Suph(is(“Reed(Sea,”(not(“Red(Sea”;(
(
• The(Gulf(of(Suez(is(195(miles(long,(20(miles(wide(
(maximum)(and(has(an(
average(depth(of(130(feet(
(230(feet(maximum);(
( ( ( ( ( (((
( ( ( (!(
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Gulf*of*Suez*from*the*Sinai*Peninsula,*Egypt*on*the*horizon,*20*miles*away.((
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!!
Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas**
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Dr.*Creasy*diving*the*Gulf*of*Suez.**Sorry,*no*chariot*wheels!((
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Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas**
Facts:(
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• The(Gulf(of(Aqaba(is(99(miles(
long,(15(miles(wide((maximum)(
and(has(an(average(depth(of(6,000*feet((it(is(part(of(the(Jordan(Rif(Valley).((
• Although(some(claim(there(is(
a(“land(bridge”(across(the(
Gulf(of(Aqaba(at(Nuweiba,(
there(is(not.((The(sea(floor(is(
indeed(more(shallow(there,(
around(2,800(feet,(sloping(to(
3,500(feet(to(the(north(and(
south—but(that(can(hardly(be(
called(a(“land(bridge.”(
( ( ( ( ( (((
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E.(Biton(and(H.(Gildor.((“The(general(circula<on(of(the(Gulf(of(Aqaba(.(.(.,”((
Journal*of*Geophysical*Research,(vol.(116,(C08020,(doi:10.1029/2010JC006860.((!
Hypothe<cal((
Crossing(Point(!(
(Dr.(C’s(note)(
( ( ( ( ( (((
( ( ( (!(
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Dr.*Creasy*has*also*dived*Nuweiba*many*Pmes.**Sorry,*again—no*chariot*wheels*or*EgypPan*skeletons,*only*sharks*and*other*crigers!*(
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Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas**
( ( ( ( ( (((
(So,(where(did(the(Israelites(cross(the(Red(Sea?!(
(
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As(we(noted(in(Lesson(#1,(ques<oning(the(literal(historicity(of(events(
in(Exodus(in(no(way(undermines(Scripture(or(diminishes(its(message;(
rather,(such(ques<oning(highlights(the(literary*nature*of*the*text,(viewing(the(Exodus(as(a(story(of(redemp<on,(writ(on(a(grand,(epic(
scale.(((
Almost(certainly(the(route(of(the(Exodus(passes(through(the(marshes(
around(the(“BiMer(Lakes,”(providing(a(realis<c(kernel(for(the(
heightened(miraculous(character(of(the(Israelite’s(escape(from(Egypt.(
As(former(Jesuit(Jack(Miles(observes(in(his(1995(Pulitzer(Prizehwinning(
God:**a*Biography,(“Cecil(B.(DeMille’s(The*Ten*Commandments,(with(its(mighty(throng(crossing(the(sea,(may(be(truer(to(the(intended(
literary(effect(of(the(Book(of(Exodus(than(scholarship’s(reconstruc<on(
of(a(band(of(minor(tribes(slipping(through(the(marsh”((loc.(1929).(
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!!
Land(of(Goshen(
Rameses(!"(
Succoth(!"(
"(#(Marah(
"(#(Elim(
#(Mt.(Sinai(
"(#(Rephidim(
#(BiMer(Lakes(
#(Via(Maris(
"#(Nuweiba(
Gulf(of(Suez(!( #(Gulf(of(Aqaba(
((( (( (((Victory(Song!
(
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It(is(conven<onal(in(epic(narra<ve,(afer(a(great(military(victory,(for(
the(victors(to(celebrate(in(song,(praising(the(courage(and(
performance(of(their(great(warriors,(and(so(we(have(“The(Song(of(
Moses(and(Miriam”(in(Exodus(15:(1h18.((((
The(song(is(structured(in(3(strophes:((vv.(1h6,(7h11(and(12h18.((Each(
strophe(focuses(on(one(aspect(of(the(baMle:((the(1st(strophe(on(
YHWH’s(defeat(of(the(enemy;(the(2nd(strophe(on(YHWH’s(defeat(of(
the(Egyp<an(gods;(and(the(3rd(strophe(telescopes(into(the(future(to(
affirm(God’s(eternal(sovereignty.((
In(addi<on,(each(strophe(ends(with(a(simile:((“like(a(stone,”(v.(5;(“like(
lead,”(v.(10;(and(“like(stone,”(v.(16.(
(
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!!
((( (( (((Strophe(#1!
(
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I(will(sing(to(YHWH,(for(he(is(gloriously(triumphant; ( (A(((doublets(form(basis(
horse(and(chariot(he(has(cast(into(the(sea. ( ( ( (B(((of(the(parallelism)(
My(strength(and(my(refuge(is(YHWH, ( ( ( ( (A(
and(he(has(become(my(savior. ( ( ( ( ( (B(
This(is(my(God,(I(praise(him; ( ( ( ( ( ( (A(
the(God(of(my(father,(I(extol(him.( ( ( ( ( (B(
YHWH(is(a(warrior,( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (A(
YHWH(is(his(name!( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (B(
Pharaoh’s(chariots(and(army(he(hurled(into(the(sea; ( (A(
the(elite(of(his(officers(were(drowned(in(the(Red(Sea.( (B(
The(flood(waters(covered(them, ( ( ( ( ( (A(
they(sank(into(the(depths(like(a(stone.( ( ( ( (B(
Your(right(hand,(O(YHWH,(magnificent(in(power, ( ( (A(
your(right(hand,(O(YHWH,(shaMered(the(enemy.( ( (B(
(
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!!
((( (( (((Strophe(#2!
(
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In(your(great(majesty(you(overthrew(your(adversaries; (A(
you(loosed(your(wrath(to(consume(them(like(stubble. (B(
At(the(blast(of(your(nostrils(the(waters(piled(up,( ( (A((triplet(intensifies)(
the(flowing(waters(stood(like(a(mound, ( ( ( (B(
the(flood(waters(foamed(in(the(midst(of(the(sea. ( ( (C(
The(enemy(boasted,(I(will(pursue(and(overtake(them; (A((triplet(intensifies)(
I(will(divide(the(spoils(and(have(my(fill(of(them; ( ( (B(
I(will(draw(my(sword;(my(hand(will(despoil(them! ( (C(
When(you(blew(with(your(breath,(the(sea(covered(them; (A(
like(lead(they(sank(in(the(mighty(waters. ( ( ( (B(
Who(is(like(you(among(the(gods,(O(YHWH?( ( ( (A((triplet(intensifies)(
who(is(like(you,(magnificent(among(the(holy(ones? ( (B(
awehinspiring(in(deeds(of(renown,(worker(of(wonders. (C(
( ( ((
(
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(
!!
((( (( (((Strophe(#3!
(
(
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When(you(stretched(out(your(right(hand, ( ( ( (A(
the(earth(swallowed(them(up. ( ( ( ( ( (B(
In(your(love(you(led(the(people(you(redeemed; ( ( (A(
in(your(strength(you(guide(them(to(your(holy(dwelling. (B(
The(people(heard(and(quaked; ( ( ( ( ( (A(
anguish(gripped(the(dwellers(in(Philis<a. ( ( ( (B(
Then(were(the(chiefains(of(Edom(dismayed, ( ( (A(
the(nobles(of(Moab(seized(by(trembling. ( ( ( (B(
All(the(inhabitants(of(Canaan(melted(away;( ( ( (A(
terror(and(dread(fell(upon(them. ( ( ( ( ( (B(
By(the(might(of(your(arm(they(became(silent(like(stone, (A((triplet(intensifies)(
while(your(people,(YHWH,(passed(over, ( ( ( (B(
while(the(people(whom(you(created(passed(over. ( (C(
(
((
(
((( (( (((Strophe(#3,(cont.!
(
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You(brought(them(in, ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (A(
you(planted(them(on(the(mountain(that(is(your(own— (B(
the(place(you(made(the(base(of(your(throne,(YHWH, ( (C(
the(sanctuary,(YHWH,(your(hands(established. ( ( (D((quadruplet(greatly*( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ((((((intensifies!)(
May(YHWH(reign(forever(and(ever!(
(The(concluding(statement(affirms(God’s(eternal(sovereignty.)(
(
((
(
Ques<ons(for(discussion(and(thought(**
1. God(clearly(states(in(12:(43(that(“No(foreigner(may(eat([the(Passover(meal].”((What(are(the(implica<ons(of(this(statement(for(a(Chris<an(today?(((
2. Why(does(God(require(the(consecra<on(of(the(firstborn?(
3. Why(does(Moses(take(the(bones(of(Joseph(with(him(when(he(leaves(Egypt?((What(does(he(do(with(them?(
4. What(is(the(pillar(of(cloud(and(fire?(
5. The(Exodus(from(Egypt(is(the*great*archetypical(act(of(redemp<on(in(the(Hebrew(Scriptures,(the(single(most(significant(event(in(Jewish(history.((How(is(the(redemp<on(of(the(Israelites(mirrored(and(amplified(in(the(New(Testament?((
(
(
!!
Copyright(©(2014(by(William(C.(Creasy(
( All( rights( reserved.( No( part( of( this( course—audio,( video,(
photography,( maps,( <melines( or( other( media—may( be(
reproduced(or(transmiMed(in(any(form(by(any(means,(electronic(
or( mechanical,( including( photocopying,( recording( or( by( any(
informa<on( storage( or( retrieval( devices( without( permission( in(
wri<ng(or(a(licensing(agreement(from(the(copyright(holder.(
!!
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