Transcript
MANIPULATION OR MEDIATION?
NEW TOOLS IN CONFL ICT RESOLUT ION AND COUNTER ING V IOLENT EXTREMISM (CVE)
ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN
HTTP : / /WWW.ONNIK-KR IKOR IAN.COM HTTP : / /WWW.TWITTER .COM/ONEWMPHOTO
AZERBAIJANI POW, NAGORNO KARABAKH © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 1994
NAGORNO KARABAKH• 25,000 DEAD UNTIL 1994 CEASEFIRE
• 1 MILL ION REFUGEES AND IDPS
DISPLACED FROM THEIR HOMES
• 16 PERCENT OF AZERBAI JAN
CONTROLLED BY ARMENIAN FORCES
• BORDER SKIRMISHES AND CLASHES,
INCREASE IN SNIPER INCIDENTS
• NEW GENERATIONS L IVING WITHOUT
CONTACT WITH THE OTHER
• CONFLICT USED AS A POLITIC AL
TOOL IN ARMENIA AND AZERBAI JAN
• PEACE STILL ELUSIVE
YEZIDIS, ALAGYAZ, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 1998
Twenty year s a f ter the end of the Sov iet Union , the South Caucasus countr ies can no longer be cons idered ‘ in t r ans i t ion .’ Armenia , Azerba i jan , and Georg ia have bu i l t
funct ion ing sovere ign s tates . But many quest ions remain
about how wel l they are far ing […]
THE SOUTH CAUCASUS 20 YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE THOMAS DE WAAL, C ARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE
HTTP: / /C ARNEGIEENDOWMENT.ORG/2011/11/28/SOUTH-C AUC ASUS-20-YEARS-AFTER-INDEPENDENCE/6NRL?RELOADFLAG=1
THE SOUTH C AUC ASUS
44 YEAR OLD TUBERCULOSIS SUFFERER, YEREVAN, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2004
NAGORNO KARABAKH[…] people are of ten inc l ined to cons ider the i r ex i s t ing at t i tudes and be l ie f s to be tr ue and f i l ter
the news through th i s lens . […] bias in the local
media [ . . . ] serves as a means to fuel and
perpetuate hatred. This i s a ro le the media has and
cont inues to p lay wi th regards to the conf l i c t over Nagorno Kar abakh .
ARMENIAN AND AZERBAIJANI INTERNATIONAL NEWS COVERAGE, C AUC ASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC)
http://epfound.am/files/mb_fg_report_finalized_edited_12.27.2008.doc
GLOBAL VOICES
RUSSIAN MILITARY ROAD BLOCK, ROAD TO GORI © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2008
Anyone who be l ieves that a l l c i t i zen media are ob ject ive and impar t ia l i s e i ther mad or hasn ' t actua l ly read any
c i t i zen media . […] What's become very di f f icult is
us ing c it izen media to understand what 's actual ly
happening on the ground. […] This sor t o f s i tuat ion
can get even more compl icated when there aren' t impar t ia l journa l i s t s on the ground.
ETHAN ZUCKERMAN http : / /www.eng .kavkaz-uze l . r u/ar t ic les /13149/
RUSSIA-GEORGIA WAR
ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE?In the 21st centur y, media has begun to affect war
more than ever before . Digital media technologies
[.. .] have increased communication and
information dissemination in conflict settings [.. .].
These new tools can be used to foment violence or to foster peace , and it is possible to bui ld communication systems that encourage dialogue and nonviolent pol it ical solutions.
DIGITAL MEDIA IN CONFLICT PRONE SOCIETIES
http://cima.ned.org/publications/research-reports/digital-media-conflict-prone-societies
FACEBOOK & TWITTER
We hear far too l i t t le of what I ca l l th i s “ th i rd nar r at ive” of
the Armenian-Azerba i jan i conf l i c t , a nar r at ive of peace . I t
spins the idea that the two people are capable of
gett ing along f ine, have l ived together in the past and, i f
pol it ic ians are able to overcome di f ferences […], can
l ive together in the future. […] The media in both
countries suppresses it .
CAUCASUS CONFLICT VOICES, MAY 2011 THOMAS DE WAAL, C ARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE
HTTP: / /PEACE.ONEWORLD.AM/CONFLICT_VOICES_MAY_2011.HTML
ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES
ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES
THE MEDIA AND ICT4D
A CYBER UTOPIA?I study the ways new media shapes people's perceptions of the wor ld. It 's my fond hope that social networks such as Facebook wil l help user s broaden their per spectives by l istening to a dif ferent set of
people than they encounter in their dai ly l i fe . But I
fear services such as Facebook may be turning us
into imaginary cosmopolitans.
CNN, DOES FACEBOOK UNITE OR DIVIDE US?
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/08/03/zuckerman.facebook.global/
A CYBER UTOPIA?The reason why the KGB wants you to join Facebook is because it al lows them to learn more about you
from afar. It al lows them to identify certain social
graphs and social connections between activists.
Many of these relat ionships are now self-disclosed by activists by joining var ious groups.
EVGENY MOROZOV, THE NET DELUSION: DARK S IDE OF INTERNET FREEDOM
http://www.rfer l.org/content/inter view_morozov_internet_democracy_promotion/ 2284105.html
GLOBAL COUNTERTERRORISM FORUM (GCTF)
COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM (CVE)
TODAY’S NEWS
FOREIGN F IGHTERSThe use of social media among young people going to join rebel groups in Syr ia and Iraq has exploded. It is their main source of information and communication.
The consequences for society of so many people being exposed to the violence and brutal ity of war and to radical extremist groups at the forefront of the fighting are unpredictable , but unl ikely to be posit ive .
RICHARD BARRETT, CO-FOUNDER UNITED NATIONS COUNTERTERRORISM TASKFORCE (CTITF) HTTP://TECHPRESIDENT.COM/NEWS/WEGOV/25167/WHILE-JIHAD-WAGED-IRAQ-AND-SYRIA-COUNTER-NARRATIVES-GO-ONLINE
FOREIGN F IGHTERS
There are no more credible messenger s than those who have been touched per sonal ly by violent extremism. Rachel Briggs OBE Inst itute for Strategic Dialogue
Social media is crucial for our work. […] For many youth, onl ine and off l ine are seamlessly integrated and we need to communicate with them through al l channels .
Humera Khan, Muflehun
COUNTER NARRATIVES• Posit ive and Alternative Narratives
• Strategic Counter Narratives
• Ethical Counter Narratives
• Ideological and Rel ig ious Counter Narratives
• Tactical Counter Narratives
• Humour and Sarcasm (Satire)DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM,
HEDAYAH CENTRE, SEPTEMBER 2014
COUNTER NARRATIVESAttractive alternative narratives can contr ibute to the prevention of radical izat ion and recruitment i f they are
delivered to the target audience by trusted sources .
I t is vital that such narratives are based on paral lel act ions that alone can bestow credibi l i ty to a narrative . […] community leader s that are informed of potential radical izat ion and recruitment to violent extremism in their own communit ies are better par tner s in effor ts to counter violent extremism in those communit ies.
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM,
HEDAYAH CENTRE, SEPTEMBER 2014
QUESTIONS / DISCUSSIONEMAIL
onewmphoto@gmail.com
WEB http://www.onnik-krikorian.comhttp://www.conflict-voices.net
http://www.facebook.com/onewmphotohttp://www.facebook.com/conflictvoices
TWITTER http://www.twitter.com/onewmphoto
http://www.twitter.com/caucasusproject
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