Exaptation
Post on 02-Dec-2014
1995 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
Exaptive Innovation
and creative epistemology
Jb Labrune - 2010
Phd Work 2007
•Children and Creative Technologies, an exaptive phenomenon
•Answering the question: Why children rarely use objects according to the rules edicted by their designers ?
More questions
•What is the nature of creative re-configurations ?
•Are these modifications similar in digital and physical spaces ?
•How to help researchers to understand creative re-configurations ?
Empirical Study
• Grounded Theory ( Glaser and Strauss, 1967 )
• Situated Action (Suchman, 1987)
• SocioMaterial Reconfigurations (Orlikowski, 1987)
• Co-Adaptation, Triangulation (Mackay, 1990)
Triangulation• Mackay, 1997 (hci, design, natural
sciences)
• http://www.lri.fr/~mackay/pdffiles/DIS97.Triangulate.pdf
Terrains
Findings e1
Findings e2
Findings e3
Findings e4
Findings e5
Findings e6
ThesisChild-Machine Interaction is an exaptive phenomenon
Exaptation
•Flying is an exaptation
•A secondary adaptationfrom thermic regulationevolution
Examples
Gould, Vrba• A character, previously shaped by
natural selection for a particular function (an adaptation), is coopted for a new use—cooptation. (2) A character whose origin cannot be ascribed to the direct action of natural selection (a nonaptation), is coopted for a current use—cooptation.
Gould and Vrba (1982, Table 1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptation
Spandrels
• Lewontin and Gould (1979)
• The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme
• http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/205/1161/581
• Gould (1997)
• The exaptive excellence of spandrels as a term and prototype
• http://www.pnas.org/content/94/20/10750.abstract?sid=c80b8cc0-4a00-4bb6-ae92-3e9897ef5da5
Spandrels•By-Product of Functional
evolution, or design iteration
•Morphogenetic By-Products
Dorsoventral Pattern Formation in Graphosoma Lineatum
Open Spaces
•Functions
•By-Products
•Ambiguity and Paradox of Openess
•Designing vs Non-design (and nature vs designer pace)
Epigenetic Landscape
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpigeneticsConrad Hal Waddington - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Hal_Waddington
IdeaGarden 2010
http://web.media.mit.edu/~labrune/igarden/igarden-lg-final.ogv
Creative Documentation•Capturing Iterations vs capturing
context
•Reflecting on intention, capture and reflection itself
•Monitoring (Surveillance) vs Joint Attention
Inspiration •Reggio Emilia for adults
•New Tools for Creativitysupport but also for creative reflection on documentation process
•Debate, Co-Evolution, non-hegemonic process in design and its cultural context
Creativity Research Tools
•Specialised vs Context
•Visual documentation
•Visual Anthropology
• visual psychology ?
• visual epistemology ?• visual phenomenology ?Free Camera ? >>> free culture /
researchhttp://www.opencamera.cc/http://cinema.elphel.com/ >> anthropology.elphel ??
Open-source camera
• How to make (almost) anything 2009
• http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/people/labrune/index.html
• Fabbable
• programmable
• open-source
DIY Trend• Ubiquitous Kwnoledge (Digital, Citizen
science, Magazines, workshops, conferences)
• New places of production and understanding of knwoledge (Fablabs, Dorkbot, DIY communities around the world)
• DIY programming cultral probes, technological probes
References
• The Ambiguity of Play [Brian Sutton-Smith, 1997]
• CST: Creativity Support Tools [Shneiderman, 2005]
• Edith Ackermann "Perspective-Taking and Object-Construction” In Constructionism in Practice: Designing, Thinking, and Learning in a Digital World (Kafai, Y. & and Resnick, M. Eds.). Chap. 2, pp. 25-37. Northdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 1996.
• Gould, Stephen Jay, and Elizabeth S. Vrba (1982), "Exaptation — a missing term in the science of form," Paleobiology 8 (1): 4–15.
top related