Examinaons*for*Developing*of*Food* …… *Whatis*the Central Wholesale Markets? In*Japan*the*number*of*the*wholesale*markets*reach*1,340:*the* Central*Wholesale*Markets―81*and*the*Local*Wholesale*
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Examina'ons for Developing of Food Safety Control System for the Central
Wholesale Markets in the Restructuring Periods of Food System
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Engineering
Yuji NAKAGAWA
18 January 2012
Ⅰ What is the Central Wholesale Markets?
In Japan the number of the wholesale markets reach 1,340: the Central Wholesale Markets―81 and the Local Wholesale Markets―1,259.See Table.
The Central Wholesale Markets are the center of wholesale and distribution of such fresh foods as vegetables ,fruits , fishes , meets and flowers in Japan.
The administra'ons (the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries ;the Ministry of Health , Labor and welfare; the local governments) have governed the Wholesale Markets under the related Law. See Figure.
The such traders in the Wholesale Markets are known as the Collector(Oroshi-‐Uri-‐Gyou) , the Broker(Naka-‐Oroshi-‐Gyou) and the Buyer(Baibai-‐Sankasha ).
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Table.The component and condi0on of the wholesale marekets and the traders in 2008
The dealing amounts of money(\100 million)
Collectors Brokers Buyers
The Central Wholesale Markets(81)
46,796 228 4,796 40,424
Vegetables(66) 20,685 91 1,846 19,254
Fished(50) 21,779 87 2,736 7,568
Meets(10) 2,477 10 85 1,796
Flowers(24) 1,551 31 105 11,340
Others(7) 304 10 25 466
The Local Wholesale Markets(1,259)
34,589 1,484 2,416 148,415
Retailers (Super-‐market etc.)
Consumer
Retail
Producers & Suppliers
Importers (Trading
Companies etc.)
Supply
Collector
Brokers
Buyers
Wholesale
The Central wholesale market
Figure. The Japanese Fresh-‐Food System through the wholesale markets
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Ⅱ The Points at Issue concerning the Japanese Food Industries and the Central Wholesale Markets
1. In the Japanese Food Industries The globaliza'on in the Japanese food chain⇒The rising of foreign
share in the food supply
The expansion of understanding about risk and hazard from food and food-‐distribu'on
The governmental regula'on on risk and hazard from food and food-‐distribu'on(by the legal system)
The establishment of quality-‐control-‐system and quality-‐cer'fica'on-‐system at homes as well as abroad(ex. ISO-‐9001,HACCP,ISO-‐22000)
The frequent legal-‐viola'on and hazard by the food industries in the Japanese food chain
The necessity of compliance and safety-‐control in the food industries in order to keep or advance the enterprise value
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2. In the Central Wholesale Markets The Market’s ins'tu'on and organiza'on, impossible to adequately
correspond to such requirements of the food safety as:
— to secure the cold chain; — to organize the quality control system in the whole food chain
Lack of the channel captain , having the absolute power and the scale merit in the food chain
Change of such condi'ons concerning the Central Wholesale Markets that:
— The Wholesale Markets Law provided that the companies in the wholesale markets was responsible for the secure of the food safety ;
— It is more important for the food industries to secure the food safety in order to advance the enterprise value
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Our Subject: • To put such problems in order, that are concerned with
the building of the system of safety control in the Central Wholesale Markets;
• To give the views on the building of the safety control systems in the Central Wholesale Markets.
We will analysis this subject from the viewpoint of validity to apply the safety control system , built by the Japanese leading food companies, to the building of the safety control system in the Central Wholesale Markets.
Ⅲ Subject and Viewpoint in Today’s Lecture
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Ⅳ The Technical Skill of the Food Safety Control in Japanese Food Industries
1. The Understandings of the Food Safety Controls “The Food Safety” has posi'oned as “the Public Property” ,secured by
the governmental power and the concerned laws.
Under the Ins'tu'on of Public Health , the sanitary inspectors have supervised the daily ac'vi'es of the food industries by the means of the sampling and the on-‐the-‐spot inspec'ons.
On the other hand , some leading companies regard the food safety control as the important factor in rising the enterprise value.
They have adapted the interna'onal and the na'onal systems of the safety-‐cer'fica'on , or developed the unique technical skills of the food safety control.
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2. The technical skills of the food safety control in the food industries
Hazard Analysis & Cri'cal Control Point (HACCP) and Prerequisite Program(PP) for the Quality Control(QC) , the Sanitary Control(SC) ,the training ,the recall , and the traceability.
⇒In Japan HACCP is the most popular of the SC skills. ISO9001 or ISO22000:the Quality Management System or the Safety
Management System for the food-‐manufacturing companies. ⇒In Japan ISO9001 is the most popular of the QC skills. Good Manufacturing Prac'ce(GMP) and Good Agri-‐/Aqua-‐ cultural
prac'ce (GAP) ⇒The product management programs in the food-‐manufacture ,the agriculture and the Aquaculture.
⇒In Japan GMP is widely adapted in the food-‐manufacturing factories.
Supplier Quality Expecta'on(SQE) or Supplier Quality Management (SQM) in the food chain for the channel captains.
⇒In Japan some of the leading food companies have adapted as one of the QC standards.
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Case 1 “Supplier Quality Management” by M Co.
① Material Risk Assessment
② Supplier Risk Assessment ③ Food Safety & Hygiene Audit Program ④ Specifica'ons Control ⑤ Regulatory, Storage & Shipping and Handling Control ⑥ Preven'on-‐based Microbiological Program ⑦ Supplier Quality Expecta'ons Manual
⑧ Supply Chain Integrity Program
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Case 2 ”Quality Control Management System” by K&A Co.
① Design ② Procure ③ Convert ④ Distribute ⑤ Trade ⑥ Consumer
This is the assurance systems for the whole supply chain
QC & Inspec'on , based on HACCP & ISO9001
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Case 3 “Supplier Quality Management by N Co.
* Inspec'on of the Packaging Materials for the Food-‐Packer, Based on ”Frame Direc've 1935/2004/EC” in EU
① Early Warnings ② Requirements for Safety Secure
③ Requirements for Release of Materials Specifica'ons ④ Supervising for Process of Manufacturing
⑤ Supplier Inspec'on for the Whole Supply Chain(SC) ⑥ Release of SC Informa'on for Consumers and Geqng
informa'on on Consumers Minds
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3. The shortcomings in the SC & QC technical skills , widely adapted in the Japanese food industries
The each effects of HACCP and ISO9001 are limited to the SC & QC systems in the food manufacturing factories.
The each effects of HACCP and ISO9001 don’t range over the supplier quality control(SQC) ,supplier sanitary control(SSC) and the process of the food distribu'on.
Consequently, the food industries , adap'ng QC & SC systems, always have variety of risks , happening from the suppliers and the transport industries.
5. The QC skills , avoiding a variety of risks , which happen from the suppliers and the transport industries SQE & SQM are the QC technical skills that the channel captains
inspect the SC & QC levels of their suppliers by the check lists , requiring the quality standards.
The channel captains are able to select the superior suppliers in SC & QC levels , or exclude the defect suppliers in SC & QC levels .
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Ⅴ The Food Safety Control System in the Central Wholesale Markets 1. Wholesale Market Sanita'on Inspec'on Sta'ons(WMSIS)*
“The Sta2ons take charge of ensuring the safety of food distributed through wholesale markets. “
“The sta2ons promotes on-‐site monitoring and supervision, as well as tests and inspec2ons integrated under specialized knowledge and exper2se, under the basic principle that harmful or bad food products should not be “put on”, “taken out of”, or “manufactured in the markets.” If viola2on of the law is found as a result of tests /inspec2ons or monitoring/supervision, the sta2on takes prompt and appropriate ac2on to prevent the distribu2on of such food.”
*The explana'ons and pictures are cited from Tokyo Metropolitan Wholesale Market Sanita'on Inspec'on Sta'on’s HP(htp://www.fukushihoken.metro.tokyo.jp/i'ba/ kensajo/sum10/index.html) 2012/1/18 13 Yuji Nakagawa
2. The shortcomings in the Safety Control System , adapted in WMSIS The effects of the Safety Control by WMSIS are limited to the
Sanitary Control(SC) in the Central Wholesale Markets.
The effects of the Safety Control by WMSIS don’t range over the supplier quality control(SQC) ,supplier sanitary control(SSC) and the process of the food distribu'on.
Consequently , in the Wholesale Markets (including Central Wholesale Markets) aren’t such Inspec'on systems as SQE or SQM.
In the Wholesale Markets aren’t such SC & QC system, adapted by each of the market-‐t14rader-‐companies , as HACCP,GMP and ISO9001.
Moreover , the facili'es of the wholesale Markets don’t correspond to such requirements of the food safety as HACCP,GMP and ISO9001.
The ins'tu'ons and facili'es are litle isolated from the outside environments , therefore are always exposed to a variety of the contamina'on-‐risks.
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Ⅵ Goals for Building the Safety Control Systems in the Central Wholesale Markets?
1. The restructuring of the components of the ins'tu'ons and the facili'es in the Central Wholesale Markets The market architecture(the composi'on of the receiving-‐spaces , the dealing-‐
spaces ,processing-‐spaces and the forwarding-‐spaces) should be rebuilt on the standards of Prerequisite Program(PP) for HACCP and ISO9001.
This type of market architecture will be isolated from the outside environments , bringing the cross-‐contamina'on risks.
This type of market architecture will enable the market traders to operate their dealings based on the safety control systems.
3. The forma'on of the QC organiza'ons ,composed by the Market traders , in the linkage with SC organiza'ons(WMSIS) The QC organiza'ons will make the policy and the program of QC. On the QC program , The QC organiza'ons will train the market-‐
workers ,improve the market-‐working and the effect of the market-‐facili'es and inspect all process of the market dealings.
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3. The forma'on of the standard requirements of the safety control in the Central Wholesale markets
5. The forma'on of such SQE or SQM systems that the leading traders inspect the contamina'on risks for the suppliers
7. Consequently, the forma'on of such fresh-‐food chain that the Wholesale Markets insure the food safety
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