Transcript
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:
•RADHIKA GANDOTRA 45-MBA-2016•VIDHU ARORA 68-MBA-2016•SAHIL SHARMA 49-MBA-2016•NEHA SHARMA 37-MBA-2016
CONTENTS•INTRODUCTION!•BASIC SCHEME OF PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY PROCESS•EVOLUTION?•THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT•CLASSICAL APPROACH•SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT•CONTRIBUTION’s FROM VARIOUS SCIENTIST’s
Radhika Gandotra 3
INTRODUCTION
A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives.
It is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish their selected tasks.
Management is all about ‘getting things done’
4
Basic scheme of production and service delivery process”
5
6
1900 - 1930Classical ManagementSchoolScientific Administrative Bureaucratic
1920-1950Neo-Classical Management SchoolHuman Relations Behavioral
Modern Management SchoolQuantitative
Systems ContingencyOperational
Evolution of Management Theory
7
1900 - 1930
THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF
MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF CLASSICAL APPROACH
Classical Approach is the oldest formal school of thought which began around 1900 and continued into the 1920s.
It is the theory of management that focuses on the productivity, output and efficiency of workers.
It seeks to maximize the benefits of consumers and investors at consistent and fair levels.
Classical Approach includes SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT & BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT. 9
Focuses on the individual worker’s
productivity
Focuses on the functions of
management
Focuses on the overall
organizational system
CLASSICAL APPROACH10
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMEN
TPRINCIPLES
Replacement of rule-of-thumb by science.
Scientific selection , training and placement of worker.
Cooperate with workers to ensure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed.
Divide work equally between managers and workers so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning
the work & the workers actually perform the tasks.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES12
Frederick Taylor Contribution
The Scientific School of Management
Known as Father of Scientific Management.
Published Principles of Scientific Management.
Increased the Pay for Workers.Organisational Productivity can be
increased by increasing efficiency of the production process.
13
Criticism of Taylor’s Contribution
The Consideration of the word ‘Scientific’ before ‘Management’ was criticized .
His principles were confined to Production management.
His principles violates the Principles of Unity of Command.
Trade unionists criticized Taylor’s Principles as the means to exploit workers due to the reason that wages were not increased in direct proportion to the increase in productivity.
14
Henry Gantt Contribution
The Scientific School of Management
Worked with F.W Taylor.Modified Taylor’s Incentive System
when he worked independently.Task and Bonus Plan.Harmonius Cooperation between
Labour and Management.Developed the Gantt’s Chart.Stressed the need for Training.
15
Frank and Lillian Gillberth’s
ContributionThe Scientific School of Management
Husband & Wife TeamFrank Gillberth - Known for Time and Motion Studies.Lillian Gillberth - An Industralist psychologist , focused on ways of promoting the individual workers’ welfare. Scientific study may include the
study of Analysis and Synthesis.
16
CONTENTS•ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT•FAYOL’s 14 PRINCIPLES•BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT•BUREAUCRATIC PRINCIPLES•NEO-CLASSICAL APPROACH•HUMAN RELATIONS•CONTRIBUTION’s OF HRM
Vidhu Arora17
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
Henry Fayol (1841-1925) was the major contributor to administrative management approach.“FATHER OF MODERN MANAGEMENT”
• "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control".
• - Henry Fayol
19
FAYOL’s PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
1. Division of work
2. Authority and responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual interest to the common good
7. Remuneration of personnel
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
20
BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT
BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT
• A German sociologist and historian who envisioned a system of management
• “a bureaucracy is a highly structured, formalized and impersonal organization.”
MAX WEBER
• Division of labor• Hierarchy of positions• Rules and Regulations• Impersonality• Employee selection and promotion
FIVE FEATURES
22
23
1920 - 1950
NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF
MANAGEMENT
25
Human Relation Movement Elton Mayo (1880–1949) was an Australian
psychologist, sociologist, went to Harvard University.
Spent most of his career at Harvard Business School as Professor of Industrial Research.
Main focus was on the people working in an organization.
Elton Mayo conducted a research activity in Hawthorne Electric Plant in 1924 to research effect of physical conditions on productivity called as Hawthorne Studies.
26
Contributions of HRM• A business organization is also a social
system.• A worker does not work for money only.• Employee-centric, democratic and
participative style of leadership is more efficient.
• A worker’s production norm is set and enforced by his group not by time and motion study.
27
CONTENTS•BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE APPROACH•CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEHAVIOURAL THEORY•MODERN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
QUANTITATIVE APPROACHSYSTEM APPROACH
CONTIGENCY APPROACHOPERATIONAL APPROACH
28
29
Contributions of Behavioural Theory
• Advocates situational approach• Builds confidence among employees• A conducive environment is created
30
MODERN SCHOOL OF
MANAGEMENT
QUANTITATIVE APPROACHSYSTEM APPROACH
CONTIGENCY APPROACHOPERATIONAL APPROACH
33
34
35
KEY CONCEPTS OF SYSTEM APPROACH
SUBSYSTEMSYNERGYOPEN SYSTEM CLOSED SYSTEMSYSTEM BOUNDARYFLOWSFEEDBACK
36
Characteristics of system approach
• A system must have some specific components, units or sub units.
• A Change in one system affects the other subsystems.
• Every system is influenced by super system.• All systems along their subsystem must have
some common objectives.• A system is a goal-oriented.• A system cannot survive in isolation.
37
38
39
40
– Functions of managers remain same – Functions of management– core of good management– Framework of management– Principles of management
FEATURES
41
CONTENTS
IntroductionCurrent Trends Emerging Trends
Neha Sharma 42
TREND• SECULAR TREND
• MEDIUM DURATION TREND
• SHORT PERIOD TREND43
EMERGING BUSINESS?Emerging Business is any kind of business
which is driven by the new technology or new
product.44
HOW IT WORKSEmerging markets have • lower per-capita incomes• higher unemployment• lower levels of business • higher economic growth rates.
45
• Focus On Connecting Customers• Selling Through Social Media• Workplace Flexibility
Current trends
46
It includes : Contributions Of Public Administrators Contributions Of Business Managers Contribution Of Behaviouralists Contributions Of System Scientists
Emergence Of Modern Management
47
A number of scholars bring about increase efficiency in government by means of personnel practices & better management. Example- Woodrow Wilson, leading apostle, sounded the call for efficient government.
Many public administrators have made major contributions in personnel practices, planning etc.
Contributions Of Public Administrators
48
Most significant contributions in the field of management theory have been given by businessmen including Taylor, Fayol and Barnard. Some of the theories (writings) given by writers:
o Russell Rob in 1910, based on his business experience defines “organization as a tool for the efficient utilization of manpower and materials, a tool which has been suited to the circumstances of each organization.”
Contributions Of Business Managers
49
o Sheldon in 1923 came up with The Philosophy Of Management. Sheldon thought of management as including determination of policy, coordination of functions, the execution of policy & employment of organization.
o Theory of Mooney and Reilley-They combine the elements of an organization into a logical pattern of principle, process, effect.
50
HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT- It was carried out by Mayo & Roethlisberger in
1927.They disclosed that attitude towards workers may be more efficient & productive than such material factors as illumination & even money.
Many sociologists such as Dubin, Selznick have contributed through their works on groups, cultural patterns & cooperation.
Contributions Of Behavioralists
51
Some of the major contributors of system theory were
o Katz and Kahn in Social systems.o Forrester in Industrial systems.o Operation research contributions of Stafford
Beer, Churchman and his associates, Hertz.o Norbert Wiener on developing &
emphasizing feedback theory.
Contributions Of System Scientists
52
BIBLIOGRAPHY•http://www.bmmagazine.co.uk/in-business/advice/the-evolution-of-management/ •https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_Management_Systems •http://www.academia.edu/3718412/Evolution_of_management •Principals and practice of management by lm prasad •http://embanet.vo.net/o18/USC/CMGT500/Week1/docs/CMGT500_w01_Chapter10.pdf •http://yourbusiness.com/evolution-management-theories-17356.html •http://faculty.wwu.edu/dunnc3/rprnts.historyofmanagementthought.pdf
53
THANK YOU!
top related