Events to Exploration Middle Ages (Dark Ages) ► Began when Roman Empire fell (350 C.E.) & tribes overran Europe. ► Characteristics = much warfare, no learning,

Events to ExplorationEvents to Exploration

Middle Ages (Dark Ages)Middle Ages (Dark Ages)►Began when Roman Empire fell (350 Began when Roman Empire fell (350

C.E.) & tribes overran Europe.C.E.) & tribes overran Europe.►Characteristics = much Characteristics = much warfarewarfare, no , no

learninglearning, little , little tradetrade, disease (plague) , disease (plague) and towns lost population. and towns lost population.

►Most towns are centered around a Most towns are centered around a castlecastle or a or a manormanor. .

Events to ExplorationEvents to Exploration

Life on the ManorLife on the Manor

Feudalism & manoralism = System of rule in Feudalism & manoralism = System of rule in which which lordslords owe loyalty and military service owe loyalty and military service to a to a king.king. Serfs work the land and in return Serfs work the land and in return are protected by the Lords.are protected by the Lords. Serfs Serfs are bound are bound to the soil.to the soil.

The manor was run by a The manor was run by a lordlord and the land was and the land was worked by worked by serfsserfs. .

Serfs= people who were “bound to the soil” Serfs= people who were “bound to the soil” and could not leave (Not Slaves). and could not leave (Not Slaves).

Manors are Manors are self-sufficientself-sufficient= = Make what is Make what is needed to survive. needed to survive.

Serfs in the Middle AgesSerfs in the Middle Ages

Life on the ManorLife on the Manor

Catholic Church is the Catholic Church is the only organized only organized religion and religion and influenced every influenced every part of life. Catholic part of life. Catholic Church is led by the Church is led by the Bishop of Rome Bishop of Rome (Pope). (Pope).

Crusades (1100-1300 C.E.)Crusades (1100-1300 C.E.)

Crusades were Crusades were religiousreligious wars waged by wars waged by Christians to regain Jerusalem (Holy Christians to regain Jerusalem (Holy Land) in the Middle East from the Land) in the Middle East from the Muslims. Muslims.

Crusaders bring back Crusaders bring back spicesspices, , silkssilks, , gemsgems, & , & perfumeperfume and other exotic and other exotic items. items.

Cinnamon Cinnamon

Clove SpiceClove Spice

Crusades (1100-1300 C.E.)Crusades (1100-1300 C.E.)

Results of CrusadesResults of Crusades

People in Europe have a great demand People in Europe have a great demand for these new items and soon for these new items and soon tradetrade develops between Europe and the develops between Europe and the East. East.

►CitiesCities Develop. Develop. ►MerchantMerchant Class arises. Class arises.►FeudalismFeudalism ends in Europe. ends in Europe.

Results of CrusadesResults of Crusades

Renaissance (Rebirth of Renaissance (Rebirth of Learning) – (1300-1600 C.E.)Learning) – (1300-1600 C.E.)

Why started:Why started:Increased Increased tradetrade and and traveltravel brought brought

Europeans into contact with many Europeans into contact with many advanced cultures. advanced cultures.

Important Inventions:Important Inventions:CaravelCaravel (Small, light, sailing Ship design) (Small, light, sailing Ship design)Printing PressPrinting Press (Gutenberg: Books are (Gutenberg: Books are

available to all)available to all)AstrolabeAstrolabe & & Magnetic CompassMagnetic Compass (Navigation) (Navigation)

Inventions - CaravelInventions - Caravel

Inventions - AstrolabeInventions - Astrolabe

Inventions - CompassInventions - Compass

TelescopeTelescope

Reformation-1517Reformation-1517

During this time most Europeans belong to the During this time most Europeans belong to the Catholic Church.Catholic Church.

Martin LutherMartin Luther: Wanted to reform the Catholic : Wanted to reform the Catholic Church because the Pope was allowing Church because the Pope was allowing indulgences.indulgences.

IndulgencesIndulgences: payment for forgiveness of sins.: payment for forgiveness of sins.Luther’s demands were rejected and the Luther’s demands were rejected and the

ProtestProtestantant ReformReformationation began. began.Many new Protestant Churches emerged and Many new Protestant Churches emerged and

a series of wars broke out between Catholics a series of wars broke out between Catholics and Protestants.and Protestants.

ExplorationExploration

By 1400, many European countries want to By 1400, many European countries want to increase their increase their wealthwealth and break the and break the monopolymonopoly that Italy has with the East (trade that Italy has with the East (trade with China, India, and the Middle East). with China, India, and the Middle East).

To do this, a new trade To do this, a new trade routeroute must be found must be found that bypasses the that bypasses the MediterraneanMediterranean Sea. Sea.

Monopoly: Complete control by a group or Monopoly: Complete control by a group or individual.individual.

Explorations of PortugalExplorations of Portugal

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal sets Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal sets up an up an informal schoolinformal school to teach explores to teach explores seamanship. seamanship.

Vasco Da Gama is the first to Vasco Da Gama is the first to sail around Africasail around Africa to India. to India.

Portugal establishes very profitable trade Portugal establishes very profitable trade (slaves & gold) with (slaves & gold) with EastEast & & WestWest African African states. states.

Vasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, jealous of the Isabella of Spain, jealous of the Portuguese, sponsor an Italian sea Portuguese, sponsor an Italian sea Captain to find another route East. Captain to find another route East. Christopher Columbus’s idea was to Christopher Columbus’s idea was to reach the reach the easteast by sailing by sailing westwest. .

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

Santa MariaSanta Maria

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

In August 1492, Columbus set sail with 3 In August 1492, Columbus set sail with 3 ships. For 3 months, Columbus and 90 ships. For 3 months, Columbus and 90 other men endure extreme hardship other men endure extreme hardship and fear of being lost at sea. IN and fear of being lost at sea. IN October 1492, Columbus finally sites October 1492, Columbus finally sites land. The crew lands at land. The crew lands at San SalvadorSan Salvador, , a small island in the Caribbean. (NOT a small island in the Caribbean. (NOT THE EAST INDIES). THE EAST INDIES).

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus

Columbus Hero or Villain?Columbus Hero or Villain?

Hero:Hero:

A.A. Brought news of the Brought news of the New WorldNew World to to Europe.Europe.

B.B. Africa, Europe, and Americas come Africa, Europe, and Americas come into contact.into contact.

C.C. Started aggressive Started aggressive explorationexploration..

D.D. Exchange of goods, foods, and ideas Exchange of goods, foods, and ideas (Columbian Exchange). (Columbian Exchange).

Columbus Hero or Villain?Columbus Hero or Villain?

Villain:Villain:

A.A. Native Americans forced to be Native Americans forced to be slavesslaves..

B.B. Poor Governor.Poor Governor.

C.C. Brings over European diseases.Brings over European diseases.

D.D. Native Americans lose their Native Americans lose their landland. .

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

►Exchange of goods and ideas that Exchange of goods and ideas that transformed the world (people, plants transformed the world (people, plants & diseases).& diseases).

Explorers that followed Explorers that followed ColumbusColumbus

►Amerigo Vispucci – first to realize that Amerigo Vispucci – first to realize that Columbus found two new continents.Columbus found two new continents.

►Ferdinand Magellan – first to Ferdinand Magellan – first to circumnavigatecircumnavigate the globe. the globe.

► John Cabot – first European to discover John Cabot – first European to discover NorthNorth America. America.

►Vasco de Balboa – first European to Vasco de Balboa – first European to site the site the PacificPacific Ocean. Ocean.