Evaluation of Orphanage
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THE EVALUATION OF
MOTIVATIONAL SPACE DESIGN
FOR ORPHANAGEACCOMMODATION IN SELANGOR
Shah Amir Ezham bin Ismail, AidaKesuma binti Azmin
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Abstract
This research aims to derive the criteria needed in order to evaluate amotivational space design especially for orphanages accommodation inorder to create awareness among future architects as well as for theorphansmanagers. The research uses qualitative data through literaturereview studies as the methodology to derive the variables needed formotivational space design, while the combination of both qualitative and
quantitative data are used to affirm the variables through case studies.The outcome of this research signifies that there are seven variablesneeded in evaluating or designing a motivational space. At the end of theresearch, it is hope that the criteria will shift the existing paradigm on howto design a good motivational orphanage in the future.
Keywords: motivation, space, orphanage, orphan, accommodation,motivational space.
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Content
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review Precedent Study
Data Collection and Analysis
Conclusion
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Introduction
Government children care does not cater the
real number of the orphans in Malaysia (only
9 Rumah Kanak-Kanak in Malaysia)
Most of private orphanages are established
due to urgent need in order to cater the stray
orphans and to help catering other
orphanages which has reached its limit oftaking another orphans
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Unfortunately, some are poor in term of
condition due to lack of budget in building and
maintaining the facilities but some of the private
orphanages are in good condition generally.
Most of the orphanage owners do not really
know how to really build a good shelter that
could give motivationfor the orphans, especiallywith motivational approach in design
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The only mitigation strategy that the caretakerof the orphanages took was to enhance andimprove the programme offered in the
orphanage. In order to improve the condition, this
research is intended to find out the best wayto derive criteria needed to design amotivational space for orphanagesaccommodation in Malaysia.
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Issues and Problems
Issue
There is no any official guideline to design
motivational quality space for orphanages
accommodation.
No profound research done regarding the
issue of motivational space mainly in
Malaysia.
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Problems
Orphans are not motivated during their time
in the orphanages, especially in their
accommodation
Future orphanages will be continuously built
without the consideration of motivational
quality in design
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Aim and Objective
Aims
The aims of this research are:
to evaluate motivational qualityslevel in existing
orphanage accommodation with suitable criteria
and;
to derive the criteria needed for a quality
motivational accommodation for the orphan
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Objectives
To evaluate the level of motivational designsquality in existing orphanages
accommodations; To evaluate the perceptions of the orphan
towards their existing accommodation;
To analyse the best approach for a goodquality of motivational accommodation forthe orphans.
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Research Question
What is the level of motivational designs
quality in existing orphanages
accommodations?
What are the perceptions of the orphan
towards their existing accommodation?
What is the best approach for a good quality
of motivational accommodation for the
orphans?
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Research Methodology
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Literature Review
Reward for treating the orphans
The fifth hadithrecorded in the book of Ethics
with the Single (book 7), it says: Umm Said bintu
Murra al-Fihri related from her father that theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, I and the guardian of an orphan will
be in the Garden like these two (showing his two
fingers closely put)
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Orphans
Islamic definition: According to the KuwaitEncyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence [ ] (1984), the word orphan only can beassociated to a person who lost his or her father
before the person reach the age of puberty (wetdream or menstruation)
Oxford definition: According to Oxford (2013), theterm orphan is used to a child who has lost his orher both parents.
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Unicef: UNICEF (2012) and global partners define
an orphan as a child who has lost one or both
parents
Other: Skinner (2004) discusses the definitionthrough a more detail discussion which separate
the definition of child and orphan, whereby the
orphan himself must be a child, which according to
usual definition of a kid which under 18 years old
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Orphans Psychology
Grief, low self esteemand despairare the
main mental illness that both types of orphans
suffer from
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The findings of the current research suggest all the orphanchildren reported lower self-esteem as compared to thechildren living with their parents probably due to loss of
their parents. These findings are consistent with those ofthe prior researches. Mohanty and Newhills (2005)research findings suggest that international adolescentadoptees have lower self-esteem and are at higher risk fordeveloping severe mental health problems and social
maladjustment than children of the same age living withtheir biological families in the general population. Theirstudy also indicated that many international adoptees areconfused about their racial and ethnic identity and facedifficulties in handling bias and discrimination. They further
argue that the international adoptees may have a betteradjustment if their adoptive parents are sensitive andappropriately responsive to issues related to their adoptedchild's race, ethnicity, and culture(p. 124).
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Orphanage
is an institution that caters and cares theorphan. Basically, it is built to accommodatethe orphans from any background as long as itmeets the characteristics.
According to wisegeek.com (2013), orphanageis the place for the children who doesnt haveparents and does not able to live on their
own.
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Motivation: Positive and Negative
Radwan (2013) said that positive motivation is
a motivation that motivates a person to gain
some incentives at the end of the action or
effort, while negative motivation is a type of
motivation that moves a person to avoid from
mishap as the end result.
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Motivational Space
a space that is designed to provide incentives
for human through various design approaches
which will positively influence them to react in
a certain or particular way to achieve their
goal
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Motivational Space
the main points to inculcate a motivational
environment through the treatment of the
surrounding and ambience are confidence,
comfort and happy.
Confidence to encounter low self esteem
Comfort and happy to encounter grief and
misery
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Lorena (2013) claims that:
Comfortin architecture can relate to many aspects of
how a building gets designed. Itsnot always just abouttemperature control the issue that gets so muchattention anytime building comfortgets mentioned. Infact, building comfort has a lot to do with how anarchitectural built form engages an occupant through
all of their senses, particularly when considering theharmonization between them like with factors oflighting, materiality, sound, and so on.
In this light, the author has interpreted the variables of
confidence and comfort for motivational quality in aspace through this diagram:
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Precedent Study
Jerusalem Orphanage, South Africa
Figure 23: Jerusalem Orphanage (Source: Inhabitat.com)
http://inhabitat.com/new-jerusalem-orphanage-built-with-recycled-shipping-containers-makes-south-african-kids-feel-loved-again/new-jerusalem-orphanage-by-4d-and-a-architects-lead-a/?extend=15/25/2018 Evaluation of Orphanage
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Dr. Adrienne Feldner-Busztin of New
Jerusalem has observed drastic improvements
in the children after just the first few weeks of
living in the new house. Almost overnight itseems the childrensself-esteem and sense of
dignity has risen significantly. They are more
interactive, confident and joyful,she stated.
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Room layout
The room layout is simple yet attractive. Allfurniture are well-located and the circulation
is good.
Figure 24: View towards the bed area (Source: Inhabitat.com)
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Figure 25: View towards the bed area (Source: Inhabitat.com)
Natural lighting
All accommodations are exposed to ample
natural lighting. However the approach mustbe differentiated with Malaysiascontext due
to different weather.
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Ventilation
In order to have good ventilation, the
container is raise from ground level. Openingsat the top of the wardrobe will allow natural
ventilation to come in. This design approach
can be adapted to the Malaysian context
Figure 26: the containers are raised from ground level for ventilation purpose(Source: Inhabitat.com)
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Privacy
In term of privacy, each unit is limited to 12
persons with a mother house. However, thesleeping areas are all in small compartmented
rather that a big dormitory style.
Figure 28: huge space for a few people creates sense of serenity in the space(Source: Inhabitat.com)
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Aesthetic
The walls are painted in light pale brown while
the floor is finished by a brown carpet and the
drop ceiling is painted in white colour. The use
of vibrant colour for decoration such as
additional furnishing such as the carpetcreates a welcoming mood.
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Conclusion
Despite its simplicity, the overall design
approach of this accommodation is designedexceptionally tremendous.
The design consideration has created a lively
space and enhancing the ambience throughmany approaches such as adequate size
rooms, appropriate personal space dimension,
colour manipulation, natural lighting,attractive finishes and etc
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Data Collection and Analysis
CASE STUDY 1: RUMAH AMAL LIMPAHAN KASIH, PUCHONG,
SELANGOR
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Rumah Amal Limpahan Kasih (RALK) was founded by Rabaah binti Abdul Aziz and
Md. Zawawi bin Ramli. The orphanage caters for more than 100 orphans at a time,
from primary school level up to the secondary school level. The accommodations
between male orphans and female orphans are separated kilometres away due to
the limitation of the land available. The orphanage is managed by the orphanages
board and supported by the private sector and individuals.
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Variables Author Perception Orphan Perception
Room layout Inefficient layout in term of
space division, furniture
arrangement and circulation. The design of the door
location does not really
consider a good layout for the
space, which is located at the
middle.
60% like
40% partially like
0% dislike
Natural
lighting
Acceptable, but the glare is
quite disturbing.
Curtain - after thought
solution
Over lighting: 0%
Sufficient: 90%
Insufficient: 10%
Thermal
comfort
Mechanical fan used to keep
the temperature is
comfortable
After thought solution ofusing curtain manage to block
the radiant heat from
entering the room
1st floor corridor becomes
shading device
Hot: 20%
Comfort: 80%
Cold: 0%
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Ventilation Insufficient
Absence of cross ventilation -
no opening at the back of the
room, only at the front side ofthe room
Good: 40%
Bad: 60%
Privacy Curtain gives sense of privacy
from the outside
No privacy within the room
itself - open plan
15 person per room are too
many
More than five person
per room: 70%
Less than five person
per room: 30%
Alone: 90%
Safety All physical conditions are
good
Feeling secured: 60%
Feeling unsecured: 40%
Aesthetic No distinguish feature
Undefined architectural style
White colour all over the
interior - pale, dull andgloomy, does not give sense
of delight
Attractive: 50%
Not attractive: 50%
To change something:
90%Not to change any: 10%
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CASE STUDY 2: RUMAH BAKTI DATO HARUN
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RBDH provides 2 blocks of accommodation for the orphans,which is one for the male and another one is for thefemale. One dormitory can cater up to 10 orphans in onetime. The building has a common rectangular form withreinforced concrete post and beam as the structure andbrick wall. Externally, the wall is finished with cementrender and painted in pale reddish-chocolate.
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Room Layout Layout is clearly defined
However there is no sense of
excitement (linear
arrangement of beds)
80% like
20% partially like
0% dislike
NaturalLighting
Exceptionally good Adequate
Over lighting: 20%Sufficient: 40%
Insufficient: 40%
Thermal
Comfort
Many openings cause radiant
heat to come in
Hot: 50%
Comfort: 50%
Cold: 0%
Ventilation Good consideration of cross
ventilation
Mechanical mean such as fan
helps out to ventilate the air
inside the room
Good: 80%
Bad: 20%
Privacy Typical dormitory - Does not
consider any privacy within
the room
More than five person
per room: 40%
Less than five personper room: 60%
Alone: 100%
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Safety No physical harm Feeling secured: 90%
Feeling unsecured: 10%
Aesthetic No distinguish features
Common government school
block-alike
Timber wardrobe panel - some
sense of contemporary style,act as feature wall
Attractive: 70%
Not attractive: 30%
To change something:
90%
Not to change any: 10%
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Conclusion
Generally, a lot of orphanages have been built with the absence of
motivational sense consideration.
In order to shift the paradigm on how to design a quality motivational
space for the orphanage, this research has come out with the criteria of a
motivational space, which are:
Room layout
Natural lighting
Thermal comfort
Ventilation Privacy
Safety
Aesthetic (wall finish, floor finish and ceiling/soffit)
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These criteria of motivational space are derived and deducted fromthe study regarding to orphanssituation and psychological level, incombination with the impact of architectural approach towards theorphan.
The variables are chosen due to the impact towards cognitive andpsychological development that they have. The criteria then aretested in evaluation case studies which took place in selectedaccommodation of orphanages in Selangor. As the consequences,the relevancy of the criteria has been affirmed.
Therefore, with the criteria derived from this research,hopefully it will create a new paradigm in designing a motivationalspace, specifically for the orphan in order to celebrate, to care andto give a better life and hope for the orphans around the world.
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Jazakumullahu khairan
Thank You
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