Euro3D RTN Kick-off Meeting IAC, Tenerife July 2-4, 2002 SAURON Spectrograph CRAL (Lyon)
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Euro3D RTN Kick-off MeetingIAC, Tenerife July 2-4, 2002
SAURONSpectrograph
CRAL(Lyon)
PMAS : 3 years experience with nod & shuffle
3D spectroscopy
Martin M. Roth, AIPNicolás Cardiel, Calar AltoJavier Cenarro, UCM
„3D - Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions“, Walnut Creek 1999
rebinned to PMAS IFU 10 hours @ 8m
1 % FF accuracy 3 % FF accuracy
„SDW 2002“, Waimea 2002
Introduction
Example (1) : Ca II triplet in Elliptical Galaxies
Example (2) : Planetary Nebula Haloes
Conclusions + Outlook
Outline :
Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603
„ Va – et – Vient “
Object
Sky
„ Va – et – Vient “Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603
Object
Sky
„ Va – et – Vient “Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603
Glazebrook & Bland-Hawthorne 2001, PASP 113, 197
Roth et al. 2002, Proc. SDW 2002 (Waimea)
Roth et al. 2005, PASP 117, 620
Refereed Publications based on PMAS in 2003:
Christensen L., Becker T., Jahnke K., Kelz A., Roth M. M., Sánchez S. F., Wisotzki L.Integral field spectroscopy of SN2002er with PMAS A&A, 401 (2003) 479
Wisotzki L., Becker T., Christensen L., Helms A., Jahnke K., Kelz A., Roth M. M., Sánchez S. F. Integral-field spectroscopy of the quadruple QSO HE 0435-1223: Evidence for microlensing A&A 408 (2003) 455
Schmoll, J., Roth, M.M., Laux, U. „Statistical Test of Optical Fibers for Use in PMAS, the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer“ PASP 115 (2003), 854
2004 :
Roth, M.M., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Schmoll, J.3D Spectrophotometry of Planetary Nebulae in the Bulge of M31 ApJ 603 (2004), 531
Christensen, L., Sánchez, S. F., Jahnke, K., Becker, T., Wisotzki, L., Kelz, A., Popovic, L. C., Roth, M. M.“Integral field spectroscopy of extended Ly_alpha emission from the DLA galaxy in Q2233+131”A&A 417 (2004), 487
Wisotzki, L., Schechter, P.L., Chen, H.-W., Richstone, D., Jahnke, K., Sánchez, S.F., Reimers, D.“HE 0047-1756: A new gravitational Lensed double QSO”A&A 419 (2004), 13
Becker, T., Fabrika, S. , Roth, M.M. “Crowded Field 3D Spectroscopy”AN 325 (2004) 2, 155
Roth, M.M., Becker, T., Böhm, P., Kelz, A.“Science Verification Results from PMAS”AN 325 (2004) 2, 147
2004 (continued):
Christensen, L., Sánchez, S.F., Jahnke, K., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Wisotzki, L., Roth, M.M.“Integral Field observations of damped Lyman-a galaxies”AN 325 (2004) 2, 124 Jahnke, K., Wisotzki, L, Sánchez, S.F., Christensen, L., Becker, T., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M.“Integral field spectroscopy of QSO host galaxies”AN 325 (2004) 2, 128
Sholukhova, O., Fabrika, S., Roth, M., Becker, T. (2004), “B 416 a B[e]-SUPERGIANT in Interacting Binary?”Baltic Astronomy, 13, 156
Verheijen, M.A.W., Bershady, M.A., Andersen, D.R., Swaters, R.A., Westfall, K., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M.The Disk Mass project; science case for a new PMAS IFU moduleAN 325 (2004) 2, 151
Wisotzki, L., Becker, T., Christensen, L., Jahnke, K., Helms, A., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M., Sánchez, S.F.“Integral field spectrophotometry of gravitationally lensed QSOs with PMAS”AN 325 (2004) 2, 135
2005 :
Lehmann, I. Becker, T., Fabrika, S., Roth,M.M., Miyaji, T., Afanasief, V., Sholukhova, O., Sánchez, S.F., Greiner, J., Hasinger, G., Constantini, E., Surkov, A., Burenkov, A. “Integral field spectroscopy of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holberg II X-1”A&A, 431 (2005) 847
Christensen, L., Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Sanchez, S.F., Becker, T., Jahnke, K., Kelz, A., Roth, M.M., Wisotzki, L. „Abundances and kinematics of a candidate sub-damped Lyman-alpha galaxy toward PHL 1226“A&A (2005) 429 , 477
Sanchez, S.F., Becker, T., Garcia-Lorenzo, B., Benn, C.R., Christensen, L., Kelz, A., Jahnke, J., Roth, M.M. „The merging/AGN connection II. Ionization of the circumnuclear regions“ A&A 429 (2005) L21
Roth, M.M., Kelz, A., Fechner, T., Hahn, T., Bauer, S.-M.; Becker, T., Böhm, P., Christensen, L., Dionies, F., Paschke, J., Popow, E., Wolter, D., Schmoll, J., Laux, U., Altmann, W. „PMAS: The Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer. I. Design, Manufacture, and Performance“ PASP 117 (2005), 620
(1) 3D spectroscopy of elliptical galaxies (1) 3D spectroscopy of elliptical galaxies in the Ca II triplet regionin the Ca II triplet region
Nicolás CardielNicolás Cardiel (CAHA, Calar Alto Observatory, Spain) (CAHA, Calar Alto Observatory, Spain)
Javier CenarroJavier Cenarro (UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain) (UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)
NGC 221 NGC 507
NGC 5982 NGC 6703
Ca II 8498 Ca II 8542 Ca II 8662
Dressler 1984, ApJ 286, 97
Why to use 3D Spectroscopy ?
10 4
10 3
10 2
10 1
10 0
10 -1
10 4
10 3
10 2
10 1
10 0
10 -1
2MASS 1.2 μ
sky position
16’’x16’’ FOV
Acquisition image
DSS Image
Acquisition Image
Why to use 3D Spectroscopy ?
Why to use PMAS (in Nod & Shuffle mode)?
Because the interlaced observations of target and sky is the only way to obtain a reliable sky subtraction in the near-IR (impossible with long-slit spectroscopy).
target
(x16)
sky
(x16)
galaxy+sky
sky
galaxy25
6
spec
tra
Ca1 Ca2 Ca3
HST (NICMOS) photometry of NGC 221 (Ravindranath et al. 2001)
Example: NGC 221
• First reliable CaT - gradient in an elliptical galaxy: flat !
• but : NGC221 exhibits a gradient in Mg2 !
• E galaxies are not composed of simple stellar populations complex star formation history
> 6
mag
● single spectra
● coadded spectra ( 10–30 spectra )
● sum over the whole IFU ( 256 spectra )
RUN GALAXY EXPTIME REGION
17 NGC 0221 1 x 2400 sec
3 x 2400 sec
Center
Off 36”
17 NGC 0507 3 x 2400 sec
3 x 2400 sec
Center
Off 16”
17 NGC 5982 2 x 2400 sec
2 x 2400 sec
Center
Off 16”
17 NGC 6703 3 x 2400 sec
5 x 2400 sec
Center
Off 16”
17 NGC 7332 1 x 2400 sec Center
20 NGC 0777 3 x 2400 sec Center
20 NGC 2778 6 x 2400 sec Center
20 NGC 2329 13 x 2400 sec Center
20 NGC 4415 9 x 2400 sec Center
39 NGC 4365 4 x 2400 sec Center
39 NGC 5813 5 x 2400 sec Center
Three observing runs:
Run #17: 14–20 Aug 2003
Run #20: 09–14 Jan 2004
Run #39: 29 Apr–03 May 2005
Ongoing project: still finishing the reduction and starting the analysis phase…
(2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history
Martin Roth (AIP)Detlef Schönberner (AIP)Matthias Steffen (AIP)Ana Monreal Ibero (AIP)Andreas Kelz (AIP)
10-1
5 erg
/cm
-2/s
-1/Å
-1
Å
(2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history
ne
Te
Guerrero et al. 1997
(2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history
H map
single spaxel (V600, 1800 s)single spaxel (V600, 1800 s)
NGC 6720 PMAS guider image
V1200, 300 s
[O II] map
1 x 1, background subtracted3 x 3, background subtracted16 x 16, background subtracted
NGC 6720 PMAS guider image
V1200, 1200 s
Conventional sky subtraction :
„Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction :
[ O II ]
[ O III 4363 ]
Hg sky line :
Conventional sky subtraction :
H γ
„Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction :
[ O III 4363 ]
Hg sky line :
H γ
Radial intensity profile in H
inner halo
Shell
outer halo
Radial density profile from Abel inversion
Radial emissivity profile in H
inner halo
Shell
outer halo
inner halo: ne ~ r-1.5 ?
[OII 3729]/[OII 3727] ~ 1
RUN PN EXPTIME REGION
23 NGC 2022 5 x 300 sec
1x 2400 sec
1x 2400 sec
Center
T1
T2
23 NGC 3242 9 x 300 sec
1 x 2400 sec
1 x 2400 sec
Center
T1
T2
23 NGC 3587 7 x 2400 sec
2 x 2400 sec
T2-T8
Off 16”
23 IC 3568 1 x 2400 sec
3 x 2400 sec
T0
T1
23 NGC 6543 9 x 300 sec Center
27 NGC 6720 2 x 300 sec
5 x 2400 sec
T3,T4
T5-T7
28 NGC 6720 3 x 2400 sec T5-T7Three observing runs:
Run #23: Feb 2003
Run #27: Aug 2004
Run #28: Aug 2004 (backup)
Ongoing project:
… more data expected in September 2005
Conclusions
• interlaced NODS 3D spectroscopy works
• random noise sky subtraction, no systematic residuals
• no MIRACLES : NODS does not beat the shot noise !
• significant overhead penality
• at CAHA 3.5m, specifically: not applicable to point sources
• opens opportunities for going faint in bright/grey time
• think of ELTs : using less than ideal obs condx. !
new 1 arcmin FOV PPAK IFU for PMAS:
65‘‘
75‘‘
MUSE
2nd Generation VLT Instrumentation
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